Inaugural-Address-【结构、修辞、文章特点】

OrganizationalPattern

-4sections-Section1.para1-5Introduction,thegeneralstatementofthebasicpolicyoftheUS.1❤antithesisend--theendofEisenhower'spresidentialtermbeginning--thebeginningofKennedy’spresidentialtermrenewal----thecontinuationofpresidencyandofficeofpresidentchange--thechangefromEisenhowertoKennedy(para1)2❤metaphortorch（para3）idealsdutyrevolutionresponsibility---ofkeepinghumanrights(⊙o⊙)3❤alliterationfriendandfoe（para4）thesurvivalandthesuccess----alliteration（para4）Letthewordgoforth.....thatthetorchhasbeenpassedtoanewgenerationofAmericans.（para3）4OrganizationalPattern

-4sections-Section2.para6-10Hisspecificpolicytowardsthem.1.Theallies2.Thenewlyindependentcountries3.Thedevelopingcountries4.TheLatinAmericancountries5.TheUN5allies---NATOalliesBritain,Canada,NewZealand,Australia,WestEuropeancountriesacountrythathasatreatyoranagreementtohelpandsupportanothercountry,esp.duringawar.6❤understatement

Understatement的修辞功能在肯尼迪这篇演说辞中，首先体现在它是一种政界辞令。整篇文章没有直截了当地对国际形势进行分析，更没有一处提到一个国家的名字或具体事例，一切都隐晦委婉模糊不清。7❤parallelism

…notbecausetheCommunistsmaybedoingit,notbecauseweseektheirvotes,butbecauseitisright.

(para8)8❤antithesisUnitedwecandoeverything.Dividedwecandonothing.(para6)instrumentsofwar--weapons,bombs,forwagingwarsinstrumentsofpeace--machines,toolsforproducinggoods（para10）

9❤metaphor…andtorememberthat,inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.(para7)prey

（para9）

comparing“peacefulrevolution”toananimalwhichmightfallvictimtoenemynations.10OrganizationalPattern

-4sections-Section3.para11-20Headdresseshisenemywithsomewarning.1.Pointoutthedanger2.Pointoutthepositionofstrength3.Pointoutthesituationandneed.4.Proposals:controlarms;usescienceforpeacepurpose;enjoyhumanrights.5.Object:tomakeanewworldorder.

11thespecificproposals

1.controlarms2.useanddevelopscienceforpeacepurposeinsteadofthewarpurposeexplorethestarsconquerthedeserteradicatediseasetaptheoceandepthsencouragetheartandcommerce3.enjoyhumanrights12onehundreddaysDuringthefamous“hundreddays”(Mar-Jun.1933),Roosevelt’sadministrationrushedthroughcongressafloodofanti-depressionmeasures(morethan70billsforapproval),whichweregenerallyknownasRoosevelt’s“NewDeal”.13❤parallelismLetusnevernegotiateoutoffear,butletusneverfeartonegotiate.

（Para14）Letbothsides×4

（para15-18）14❤alliterationBothsidesoverburdened…yetbothracing...(para13)

15OrganizationalPattern

-4sections-Section4.para21-27HecallsontheAmericanstosupporthimandtosacrificetheirlivesfortheircountry.Hecallsonthepeopleofthewholeworldtounitandworkforthefreedomofmen.16“rejoicinginhope,patientintribulation”---忍受困苦，向往未来biblicallanguagetobehappywhenthingslookbrightandhopefultobepatientindistress/introuble17❤parallelismNowthetrumpetsummonsusagain—notasacalltobeararms,thougharmsweneed:notasacalltobattle,thoughembattledweare；butacalltobeartheburdenofalongtwilightstruggle…(para22)Idonot…Idonot…(para24)1819Characteristics:1.Theorderisclear.Eachpara.hasitsowntopic.2.Thetoneisappropriate.Heusesdifferenttonetodifferentpeople.20Characteristics:3.Thestyleisrigid.Itismadebeforehand.Soitisasortofwrittenlanguage.4.Thelanguageisrhetorical.parallelism,metaphor,antithesis,balancedstructure,repetitionofwordsandphrases---forforce,vividnessandemotionalappeal.215.SpecificcommentonthespeechKennedywasaneloquentspeaker.Heisspeciallytrained.Thisspeechisverypowerfulandwonderful.Helayshisemphasisonthesuccessfulappealstotheemotionofthelisteners.6.Wellorganized227