2023-2024学年外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit 5 What an adventure!学案

1attempt[课本义]n．努力，尝试[增补义]v．企图；尝试①(2023·全国卷Ⅰ)Everyyearabout40，000peopleattempttoclimb(climb)Kilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica．②Ifyoufailatthefirstattempt,thereisnoneedtobeupsetaboutit．③我们试图在黑暗中认出回家的路，但是白费力气。Wemadeanattempttomakeoutthewaybackhomeinthedarkness，butinvain．(attemptn．)makeanattempttodo/atdoing...企图/试图要做……attempttodo...尝试(试图)做……attemptedadj．未遂的makeanattempttoclimb/atclimbingthemountain尝试着爬上那座山attemptatfinishingthetaskinadvance努力提前完成任务2charge[课本义]n．主管，负责[增补义]n．费用；价钱v．收费；控告；充电①Iwonderhowmuchyouwillchargeusforthesix-weekcourse．②Chargedwithactingdishonestlyinherbusiness，shewasinlowspirits．③Theprogrammecan'tbeinthechargeofhimbecauseitisbeyondhisability．＝Hecan'tbeinchargeoftheprogrammebecauseitisbeyondhisability．④店主没有收我这本书的钱，这使我心中涌起一股暖意和感激之情。Theshopownerchargedmenothingforthebook,whichmademefeelawaveofwarmthandgratitudewellingupwithinme．incharge主管；看管inchargeof掌管；负责inthechargeof...在……掌管之下takechargeof掌管；负责；控制freeofcharge免费chargesb．for...因……向某人收费chargesb．with(doing)sth．控告/指责某人(做)某事speaktothepersonincharge与负责人谈谈takechargeoftheprogramme负责这个项目bechargedwithabusingpower被指控滥用职权chargemefiftydollarsforacupofcoffee一杯咖啡向我收费50美元3permit[课本义]v．允许，准许，许可[增补义]n．执照；许可证；通行证①Beforetheemergencycanbecontrolled,noonewillbepermittedtoleave(leave)thecommunitywithoutpermission(permit)．②Thevisitorsareremindedthatthemuseumdoesn'tpermitsmoking(smoke)．③(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)MyparentsthoughtallofthiswasagrandideaandcalledBetsy'sdadwiththeirpermission(permit)．④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Iftimepermits,Idohopeyouwillattendthisyear'smusicfestival．→Timepermitting,Idohopeyouwillattendthisyear'smusicfestival．(独立主格结构)permitsb．todosth．允许某人做某事permitdoingsth．允许做某事permissionn．[U]允许；许可withoutpermission未经允许aworkpermit工作执照benotpermittedtocallanywhereinthelibrary图书馆内任何地方都禁止打电话[名师点津]类似用法还有：allowdoingsth．/sb．todosth．允许(某人)做某事forbiddoingsth．/sb．todosth．禁止(某人)做某事advisedoingsth．/sb．todosth．建议(某人)做某事4relatev．相联系，有关联；讲述①Thereportseekstorelatetheriseincrimetoanincreaseinunemployment．②FacingtheproblemwhichmajorIshouldtake,Iamwritingtoyoutolearnabouttherelated(relate)information．③Latestdevelopmentinrelation(relate)tothediseasewillbediscussedindetailinnextmeeting．④(2021·全国甲卷)OurschoolisgoingtoholdathemeclassmeetingthatisrelatedtotraditionalChineseculture(与中国传统文化有关)．I'mwritingtoaskforyourvaluableadvice．relate...to...把……和……联系在一起relatesth．tosb．向某人叙述/讲述某事relateto...和……有关联；和……合得来relatedadj．相关的；有(亲属)关系的berelatedto...和……有关的；和……有联系的relationn．关系in/withrelationto关于；与……相比berelatedtoChina'shigh-techinnovation与中国高科技创新有关advancethefriendlyrelationsbetweenthetwocountries促进两国之间的关系5distinguish[课本义]v．看清，认出[增补义]v．区别；辨认；使杰出；使显出特色①(2021·浙江卷)Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy．②Ababycanevendistinguishhisorhermother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger．③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)IcanintroduceChinesepaintingtoourdistinguished(distinguish)guestsefficientlywhileofferingthemconstructiveguidance．④Paper-cuttingisdistinguishedasatraditionalartform(作为一种传统的艺术形式而出名)，whichisverypopularinChina．distinguishbetween...and...区分……和……distinguish...from...把……与……区分开来distinguishoneselfas/tobe...作为……而出名distinguishedadj．卓越的；著名的；杰出的bedistinguishedfor/as...因/作为……而出名distinguishbetweengoodandevil区别善恶distinguishmanfromtheanimals把人类与动物区分开来6surroundv．环绕，围绕①Surroundingyourselfwithpeoplewho'llprovideyouwithsupportcanbeverybeneficial．②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurrounding(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears．③(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)绿树环绕，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河穿行其中。Surroundedbygreentrees，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool．Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm．surround...with...用……包围/围绕……besurroundedby/with...被……包围surroundingadj．周围的surroundingsn．环境；周围的事物liketosurroundhimselfwithamusingpeople喜欢和有趣的人在一起besurroundedbyfamilyandfriends有家人和朋友陪伴在身边liveincomfortableandbeautifulsurroundings居住在舒适美丽的环境中7[教材原句]ChristopherColumbus(1451－1506)wasanItalianexplorerwhocompletedjourneysbetweenSpainandtheAmericas,thusmarkingthebeginningofEuropeanexplorationoftheAmericas．克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451－1506)是一名意大利探险家，他完成了西班牙和美洲之间的航行，从而标志着欧洲对美洲探险的开始。①(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducing(reduce)waterfowlhabitat(栖息地)．②YesterdayIwenttoseemygoodfriend,onlytolearn(learn)thatshehadgoneabroadaweekbefore．③Ibelievetheexperiencewillalsobebeneficialtoyou，makingyourlifemorecolourfulandrewarding(使你的生活更加丰富多彩、有意义)．v．-ing形式作结果状语表示意料之中、自然而然的结果，词前可加thus以示强调。不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料或不好的结果，其前常加only表示强调。Publicinfrastructuredidnotkeeppacewithurbansprawl,causingmassivecongestionproblems．公共基础设施跟不上城市扩张的步伐，造成了大量的拥堵问题。8[教材原句]ShallIbebelievedwhenIsaythat,atthedepthofthirtyfeet,IcouldseeasifIwasinbroaddaylight？当我说，在海面以下三十英尺的地方，我能像在明亮的日光下一样看得清清楚楚，人们会相信吗？①Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifshewere(be)theirownmother．②ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow．WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddone(do)it?③Thepatientopenedhismouthasiftosay(say)something．④Thetennisplayerislyingonthefloorasifhurt(hurt)badly．⑤在明亮的阳光下，湖面看起来好像点缀着闪闪发光的钻石。Inthebrightsunlightthesurfaceofthelakelooksasifitweredottedwithshiningdiamonds．如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气；如果从句所陈述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气；与现在事实相反：did/were与过去事实相反：haddone与将来事实相反：would/could...＋do如果asif/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词。Lookatthedarkcloudsinthesky!Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain．Let'shurryup．看看天上的乌云！看起来好像要下雨，咱们快一点。Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空1．Theteam，havingattemptedtoclimb(climb)theworld'ssecondtallestmountaintwice,finallydecidedtogiveup．2．Passengersarepermittedtocarry(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane．3．DavidspeaksEnglishperfectlyasifhehadlived(live)inEnglandformanyyears．4．Ourschoolhasrecentlyobtainedthelatestmultimediaequipment,allowing(allow)studentstolearnefficientlyunderspecialcircumstances．5．Ithasbeenconfirmedthatthemancharged(charge)withstealingthecarwastakentothepolice．6．Sheisdistinguished(distinguish)asapsychologist，whooffersfrequenthelptothoseteenagersintrouble．Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Thetwinsweresomuchalikethatitwashardtodistinguishonefromtheother．2．Tohisgreatjoy，hesucceededingettingthejobhehaddreamingaboutathisfirstattempt．3．Surroundedby/withvariousflowersandtalltrees,thevillageisveryappealingandappealstotourists．4．(2020·天津5月卷)Ifyourcardhasbeenlost,afeeof￡5ischargedfortheproductionofareplacementcard．Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空1．(2021·天津3月卷)Fascinated(fascinate)bythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy．2．Thepresidentturnedupatthepartylastnight,confirming(confirm)thathehadrecoveredfromhisillness．3．Thebuswassocrowded(crowd)thatIhadtostandallthewaytotheschool．4．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings，ourmistakesandourfailures(fail)．Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Whileitwasratherdifficultaccordingtosomeexperts,thewebsitesucceededinhelpingamanrestorehislostmemory．2．Theambassadorisaneasy-goingandfriendlyman,wholeavesagoodimpressiononthestaff．3．Theimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionwasbroughtintofocusafterhispassionatespeech．4．Susanworkshardinthedaytimeandhasabadnight'ssleep,whichaccountsforherpaleface．Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)1．(2022·全国乙卷)Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge，accordingtoTreasuryfigures．BA．主管B．收费C．指控2．(2020·新高考卷Ⅱ)Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong，inthisbookDr．Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur．CA．失败 B．未做(应做之事)C．失败的事Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage，withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears．本句为复合句。thattherewasaglobal...age为宾语从句；withtheuse...remarkably为with复合结构在句中作状语。[尝试翻译]对语言数据库的分析也证实了，新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。2．(2022·浙江1月卷)IfelthetreatedmeasthoughIwouldholdhimbackandprobablymakehimfailtogetanAinthecourse．本句为复合句。句中hetreatedme为省略that的宾语从句；asthoughIwould...thecourse为asthough引导的方式状语从句。[尝试翻译]我觉得他对我的态度就好像我会拖他的后腿，可能会让他在课程中得不到A。短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。Iliveinaportcity．LastSaturday,someofmyfriendscametovisitmeandItookthemtotheseashoreforfun．Myfriendsneversawtheseainreallifebefore，andthusthemomentwegotthere,theywere1．astonished(astonish)atitsbroadness．Theshore2．stretches(stretch)formilesandthewindblowsgentlyacrossthesea,3．wrinkling(wrinkle)itssurface．Afterlunch,wesetoffforapopularisland4．whichwasabouttwoleaguesfromthecoast．However,ourinitialattempt5．tobuy(buy)shipticketsamongcrowdsofpeoplefailed．6．Fortunately(fortunate),afisherman,whowecalled“GreatCaptain”，permittedtakingusthere,free7．ofcharge，whichmadeusexcited．Everythingwentwell8．until/beforeNickbrokehislegashewaslandingontheisland．Hisleftlegwascutbyasharpstoneandstartedtobleedimmediately．Itwasimpossibleforustofindahospitalnearbysincetheisland9．wassurrounded(surround)bythesea．Whenwewerepanickedaboutwhattodo,alocalresidentcametoourhelp．Hehappenedtocarryafirstaidkit(工具箱)withhim．AftercleaningNick'swound,hecoveredhislegwithabandagetostopthe10．bleeding(bleed)．Wethankedhimalot．Laterthatday,myfriendsandIhadagreattime．用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文假定你今年暑假和父母去了夏威夷，经历了人生第一次潜水探险。请写一篇短文，描述自己的冒险经历，内容包括：1．潜水地点(PupukeaBeach)；2．下水前的心情；3．海里的鱼类。注意：词数80左右。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Todaytheadventurestoryismyfirstdivingexperience．IntheearlymorningmyparentsandIwenttoPupukeaBeach，whichisdistinguishedforthemarinereserve．Afraidofsharks，Idarenotjumpintothesea．Withthecoach'sencouragementImadeanattempttoovercomemyfearandjumpedintothesea．Tomyastonishment，Ifoundmyselfsurroundedbygroupsoffishesofallkinds．WhatshockedmemostwasthatIcouldseesomesharksrunningafterthefishgroups,whichleftadeepimpressiononme．Myfirstdivingexperienceisimpressiveandunforgettable．Atthesametime,weshouldbekindtotheseacreaturesandliveinharmonywiththem．情感细节描写之“吃惊”(二)Step1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)短语①one'seyesopeninsurprise吃惊地睁大眼睛②benumbwithshock惊呆了③jumpoutofone'sskin大吃一惊④knocksb．sideways使某人惊讶得目瞪口呆⑤shakeone'sheadindisbelief难以置信地摇头⑥withhiseyesopen睁大了他的眼睛Step2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)用表“吃惊”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子①迈克慢慢地转过身向窗外望去，结果他面对着一堵空白的墙。Mikeslowlyturnedtolookoutofthewindow,onlytofaceablankwall．(不定式短语作结果状语)②他呆住了，惊奇地睁大了眼睛。Hefrozewithhiseyesopeninsurprise．(with复合结构)③他既困惑又惊讶，目瞪口呆地看着墙。“为什么是墙？”他喃喃自语。Confusedandastonished,hegapedatthewall,wide-eyed．“Whyisitawall？”hemurmured．(形容词短语作状语)④似乎过了很长一段时间，他才回过神来，转向护士问道：“约翰是怎么看到外面那些令人印象深刻的景色，并描述给我听的？”Afterwhatseemedalongtime,herecoveredhimselfandturnedtothenurse,asking“HowcouldJohnhaveseenthoseimpressiveviewsoutsideanddescribeforme？”(what从句作宾语)⑤护士慢慢答道：“也许他只是想鼓励你。约翰是个盲人，他看不见墙。”闻言，他无语了，难以置信地摇头。Thenurserepliedslowly,“Perhapshejustwantedtoencourageyou．Johnwasblindandcouldnotseethewall．”Atthis,hewasspeechless,shakinghisheadindisbelief．(分词作状语)课时分层作业(十七)Ⅰ．阅读理解A篇（限时6分钟）(2022·开封市高三模拟考试)Excellentfilmshaveadirectandprofoundimpactonkidsofallages．Thefollowingisalistofwonderfulmoviesforchildren．Pokémon：DetectivePikachuPokémon：DetectivePikachuisamysteryadventuresetinafictionalcityinwhichhumansandPokémoncoexist．StarringRyanReynoldsasthevoiceofaPikachuwhocanspeaktoonlyonehuman，Tim(JusticeSmith)，thestoryexploreshowthetwoteamuptolookintothesupposedlyaccidentaldeathofTim'sdetectivefather．There'sdefinitelysomeviolenceincludingaterriblecarcrashbutnothinggetsbloody．Themaincharactersarefrequentlyindanger，butnoonedies．Thestorypromotesteamwork，courage，andfriendshipandshowshoweventheseeminglyinexperiencedcanmakeadifference．ArtemisFowlArtemisFowlisasci-fifantasyadventurebasedonthebest-sellingseriesbyEoinColfer．ArtemisFowlⅡ(FerdiaShaw)isa12-year-oldtalent．Whenhisfathergoesmissing，ArtemisforcesfairyofficerHollyShort(LaraMcDonnell)togowithhimintothedark，hiddenworldofmagicandfairiestotrytorestorethemboth．Thebookseriesistween-friendly，soyoucanexpectthemovietobefriendly，too．FrozenⅡForkids，FrozenⅡisahighlyexpected3-Dcomputer-animatedmusicalfantasyfilmthatcontinuesthestoryofElsa(voicedbyIdinaMenzel)，aqueenwithicypowers，andherwarm-heartedsister，Anna(voicedbyKristenBell)．Althoughthedetailsofthemoviehaven'tbeenannouncedyet，it'ssafetoexpectthereturnofKristoff(voicedbyJonathanGroff)andkindsnowmanOlaf(voicedbyJoshGad)．StarWars：EpisodeIX－TheRiseofSkywalkerStarWars：EpisodeIXisthefinalmovieinthemostrecentStarWarsseries．Althoughthemovie'splotdetailsarestillcompletelyunknown，itseemscertainthatmanyheroesandvillains(主要反面人物)willcomeback．Expectanotherthrilling，action-packedsci-fiadventure；hopefullyitwillprovideasatisfyingconclusionfortweens，teens，andup．【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几部适合儿童观看的精彩电影。1．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstmovie?A．Pokémonfinallydiesinthecarcrash．B．Effectiveteamworkcanturnthetables．C．Itseemshardtomakealastingfriendship．D．There'salotofbloodyviolenceinthemovie．B[细节理解题。根据Pokémon：DetectivePikachu部分中的“Thestorypromotes...canmakeadifference．”可知，Pokémon：DetectivePikachu这部电影展示了团队合作。故B项“有效的团队合作可以扭转形势”正确。turnthetables“扭转形势；转变局面；转弱为强”。]2．WhichofthefollowingmoviescomesfromEoinColfer'sbookseries?A．FrozenⅡ．B．ArtemisFowl．C．StarWars：EpisodeIX－TheRiseofSkywalker．D．Pokémon：DetectivePikachu．B[细节理解题。根据ArtemisFowl部分中的“ArtemisFowl...byEoinColfer．”可知，ArtemisFowl改编自EoinColfer的畅销系列书，故B项正确。]3．Whatsimilaritydothelasttwomoviesshare?A．They'resci-fiadventures．B．They'remusicalfantasyfilms．C．They'retooviolentforlittlekids．D．They'rekeepingtheirplotdetailssecret．D[细节理解题。根据FrozenⅡ部分中的“thedetailsofthemoviehaven'tbeenannouncedyet”和StarWars：EpisodeIX－TheRiseofSkywalker部分中的“themovie'splotdetailsarestillcompletelyunknown”可知，后两部电影的共同之处在于电影细节尚未公布，故D项正确。]eq\a\vs4\al(B)篇eq\a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)(2022·甘肃省第一次高考诊断考试)It'snosecretthatwalkingisgoodforyou．Manyofusaretryingtogetinthoserecommended10，000stepsadaythatourwearablefitnesstechnologyurgesustoachieve．Buthowmanycaloriesareweactuallyburning，andhowcanwegetthemostoutofthosesteps？Findanswersintheseways．Doyouknowthetruthaboutcalorie-burning？Walkingisamoderateintensityformofexercise．Togetthemostcalorie-burningbenefits，then，itwouldseemthatwalkingataconsistentlylightpacewouldmakethemostsense．Payattentiontoyourheartrateandhowyoufeel．Wearabletechnologycancertainlyprovideanideaofprogresstowardyourcalorie-burninggoals．Usingfitnesstrackerequipmenttohelpyourecognizewhenyoureachyourtargetheartratezonescanhelpyoumaximizethecalorie-burning．Walkingisoftenconsideredasagreatfat-burningexercise，andwithgoodreason．Youcan'treallywalkathigherintensitiesbecauseofthenatureoftheexercise；therefore，youendupinlow-intensityzones，whereyoutendtoburnmorefat．Whenyou'rewalkingatalighterintensitywithyourheartrateinthe57%to63%range，youaremorelikelytobeusingfatforfuel．Nomatterwhatyourspeedis，theformmatters．Whendonewithagoodform，walkingisanincrediblybeneficialformofexercisefortotalhealthandwellnessbeyondmerecaloricburn．Moreover，walkingisthemostaccessibleformofexercisebecauseitdoesn'trequireanyspecialclothes，equipmentormembership．Whetheryourgoalisfatloss，increasedfitnessorsimplyenhancingyouroverallhealthandwellness，walkingoffersallthesebenefitsandmore．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了如何在走路的时候以最恰当的方式最大程度地燃烧卡路里。4．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A．Tointroducethetopic．B．Tocomparewalkingwithotherexercise．C．Toexplainthewearablefitnesstechnology．D．Toshowtheimportanceof10，000stepsaday．A[写作意图题。转折后面一般是叙述的重点，本段转折后面的问句设置悬念，又根据第一段最后一句“Findanswersintheseways．”可知，下文应该会回答这些问题，因此，本段旨在引出下文，即本文的主题，故A项正确。]5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intensity”inparagraph2mean?A．Depth． B．Strength．C．Height． D．Distance．B[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Whenyou'rewalking...usingfatforfuel．”可知，当你以较小的“intensity”走路，心率在57%到63%之间时，你很可能用脂肪作燃料。由此可以推测，“intensity”的意思与B项较为接近。]6．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Walkingathighintensitiesisrecommended．B．Yourwalkingspeedisthemostimportanttocalorie-burning．C．Walkingcanburncaloriesbetterifyouwalkinaproperform．D．Itismoreconvenienttowalkforthosewhohavegymmembership．C[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Nomatterwhat...beyondmerecaloricburn．”可知，无论你以什么样的速度，方式非常重要，如果以良好的方式进行，走路是一种非常有益的锻炼方式，不仅能燃烧卡路里，还能促进身体健康，故C项正确。]7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Walking10，000StepsaDayMattersB．WalkingBenefitsYourHeartC．HowtoBestBurnCaloriesWhileYou'reWalkingD．HowtoUseWearableFitnessTechnologyWhileYou'reWalkingC[标题归纳题。第一段最后一句“Findanswersintheseways．”承上启下，再结合前面的问句可知，本文主要讲了“找到在你走路时如何最大化地燃烧卡路里的答案”，故C项“如何在你走路时最大程度地燃烧卡路里”适合作本文的标题。]eq\a\vs4\al(C)篇eq\a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)ThecoolingeffectoftreesreducesthesurfacetemperatureofEuropeancitiesinthesummerbyupto12℃insomeregions．Incontrast，greenspaceswithouttreeshaveaninsignificanteffect，accordingtoastudythatstrengthensthecasefortreeplantingtohelpcitiesadapttoglobalwarming．JonasSchwaabatETHZurichinSwitzerlandandhiscolleaguesusedlandsurfacetemperaturedatacollectedbysatellitetocomparethetemperaturedifferencesbetweenareascoveredbytreesandtreelessurbangreenspaces，suchasparksandurbanconstructionssuchasroadsandbuildings．Theyanalysed293citiesfromacrossEurope．Thelandsurfacetemperaturemeasuredbysatelliteisn'tthesameastheairtemperature，whichismorecloselylinkedtowhathumanswouldfeel，saysSchwaab．“Usually，theairtemperaturedifferencesbetweentree-coveredareasandbuilt-upareaswouldbemuchsmallerthanthelandsurfacetemperaturedifferences，”hesays．Theteamfoundthattree-coveredareasincitieshaveamuchlowerlandsurfacetemperaturecomparedwithsurroundingareas．Thedifferenceswerebetween8℃and12℃incentralEuropeandbetween0℃and4℃insouthernEurope．Thecoolingeffectoftreescomeslargelyfromshadingandtranspiration(蒸腾)．Thisprocesstakesheatenergyfromthesurroundingenvironmentforevaporation(蒸发)，loweringthesurroundingtemperature．InthewarmerclimateofsouthernEurope，thesoilistypicallydrier，sothecoolingeffectoftranspirationislowerthanthatinregionsfurthernorth，saysSchwaab．Theteamalsofoundthatthecoolingprovidedbytreelessgreenspacesisinsignificant，andinsomeinstancesgreenareaswithouttreescanevenbewarmerthanthesurroundingurbanareas．ExtremeheatisagrowingproblemforcitiesinEuropeandelsewhereastheplanetgetshotter．ThefindingsshowthattreescanhaveabiginfluenceoncitiesacrossEurope，butsincethesizeoftheireffectsvaries，heatreductionstrategiesshouldbetailoredtosuiteachregion，saysSchwaab．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现树木可以帮助降低城市的地表温度，本文主要讲述了研究的结果、树木降温作用的原理和研究结果带给人们的反思。8．What'sthepurposeofthestudy?A．Tomeasurelandandairtemperatures．B．Tosuggestplantingmoretreesincities．C．Tomakepeopleawareofglobalwarming．D．Tostresstheimportanceofgreenspaces．B[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“astudythatstrengthensthecasefortreeplantingtohelpcitiesadapttoglobalwarming．”可以推断，研究的目的是号召人们多种树来帮助城市适应全球变暖，故B项正确。]9．WhyisthecoolingeffectoftranspirationlowerinsouthernEurope?A．Thesoilisdrier．B．Theclimateiscolder．C．Therearemoregreenspaces．D．Therearemoreroadsandbuildings．A[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“InthewarmerclimateofsouthernEurope，thesoilistypicallydrier，so...inregionsfurthernorth”可知，欧洲南部蒸腾冷却效果较差的原因是土壤通常较干燥，故A项正确。]10．WhatmightSchwaabsuggestinthelastparagraph?A．Wetlandsshouldbeenlarged．B．Drysoilshouldbereduced．C．Moreroadsshouldbebuilt．D．Solutionsshouldbedifferent．D[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Schwaab所说的“heatreductionstrategiesshouldbetailoredtosuiteachregion”可以判断，Schwaab建议因地制宜，针对不同的区域采用不同的降温策略，故D项正确。]11．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TreesCooltheLandSurfaceTemperatureofCitiesB．ResearchersRaiseSolutionstoExtremeWeatherC．HighTechLowerstheLandSurfaceTemperatureD．ExtremeHeatDoesHarmtotheEnvironmentA[标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的“Thecoolingeffect...ofEuropeancities”和最后一段中的“Thefindingsshowthattreescanhaveabiginfluenceoncities”可知，本文主要讲述了树木可以降低城市地表温度，故A项适合作本文的标题。]Ⅱ．完形填空eq\a\vs4\al(（限时12分钟）)(2022·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试)I'dworkedfourmonthsatauniversitywhenwehadagoing-awaypartyforSandy，whowasmovingtoLondon．WhenIgottoworkthenextday，Iwas1toseeSandythere．“Aren'tyousupposedtobeinLondon？”Iasked．She2meandsaid，“I'mHelen．”IthenfoundoutthatIhaveararedisease—faceblindness．This3sentmetothedoctor．Ididn'tthinkmuchaboutit．4，Iwasasuccessfuladult—whowouldcareifmy5wasn'tquitelikeeveryoneelse's?Then，ImetDrSmith．“Yourabilitytolearnnewfacesisamongtheworst，”hesaid．“Asforcures，nothingsofarhasbeenvery6．”Afterasadgoodbye，Ifledintears．Iwas7untilDadgavemesomeimportantadvice．“Everyonejustwantstotalkaboutthemselves，”hesaid．“Justaskquestions．”This8transformedmylife．Whenwalkingoncampus，ifsomeonelookedmyway，I9．Iftheysmiled，Istoppedtochat．SoonIbecameanexpertattalkingto10．Thisyear，Icelebratedmybirthdaywithover60friends，manyofwhomIwasn'tableto11．Iwasfinewiththat．12，Icantakecoursestotreatmyillness，butI'dratherspendthattimeonsomethingI13，likelookingatbirds．Igetsucha14identifyingthem．15myfaceblindness，I'velearnttoseetheworld．【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者偶然发现自己患有一种罕见的疾病——脸盲症。医生告知作者该疾病到目前为止没有治愈的可能性，作者因此很绝望。作者的父亲提了一些建议，这些建议改变了作者的生活。从那之后，作者变得更加健谈了，结识了很多朋友，学会了以新的视角看世界。1．A．excited B．surprisedC．frightened D．pleasedB[根据上文中的“agoing-awaypartyforSandy”可知，空前讲举办派对为Sandy送行，第二天上班时作者又看到了“Sandy”，因此作者肯定很吃惊。故选B。]2．A．staredat B．thoughtofC．gotawayfrom D．reachedoutforA[根据空前的“你难道现在不应该在伦敦吗？”和空后的“我是Helen”可推知，对方应是盯着作者看。故选A。]3．A．disaster B．accidentC．discovery D．expectationC[根据空前的“foundout”可知，此处是作者发现自己患有脸盲症，这一发现促使作者去看医生。disaster“灾难，灾害”；accident“(交通)事故”；discovery“发现”；expectation“预期，期望”。故选C。]4．A．However B．SomehowC．Anyway D．MoreoverC[作者对这件事没想太多。因为不管怎样作者是一个成功的成年人，如果自己的大脑与其他人的不一样，谁又会在意呢？据此可知，anyway“无论如何，至少”符合语境，故选C。]5．A．illness B．growthC．face D．brainD[参见上题解析。]6．A．promising B．popularC．cheap D．comfortableA[根据空后的“Afterasadgoodbye，Ifledintears．”可推知，此处应是说医生认为作者的脸盲症没有治愈的希望。promising“有希望的”，故选A。]7．A．unconce