北京市高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题

2020—2021学年北京市新高三入学定位考试英语本试卷共10页，共100分，考试时长80分钟，考生务必将答案打在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；用小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，并将答案书写在答题纸相应位置。In2009,Whitacrereceivedavideoofagirlwhowassingingoneofhisworks.Inspired,heaskedhisfans___1___(make)videos,whichhethenjoinedtogetherintooneperformance.Hisfirstvirtualchoir,“LuxAurumque”,had185singers___2___12differentcountries.IthasreceivedmillionsofviewsontheInternet.Sincethen,thevirtualchoir___3___(bee)aworldwidephenomenon.【答案】1.tomake2.from3.hasbee【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Whitacre的网络虚拟合唱团是如何诞生，并风行世界的。【1题详解】考查动词短语搭配。句意：他获得了一个灵感：让他的粉丝们制作视频，然后他把这些视频组合成一场表演。asksbtodosth，请某人做某事。故填to。【2题详解】考查介词的用法。句意：他的第一个虚拟合唱，“LuxAurumque”，参加的有来自12个不同国家的185名歌手。from后跟地点，表示“来自”。故填from。【3题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：从那时起，虚拟合唱团成为了一个世界级的现象。由时间状语sincethen可知，这里应该用现在完成时态。bee是连系动词，没有被动语态；thevirtualchoir是单数。故填hasbee。【点睛】注意有些时间状语是现在完成时态的标志性。如本题的第三小题，时间状语sincethen表示过去的经历或体验仍对现在有影响，故該句用现在完成时态，填hasbee。类似标志主句用现在完成时态的时间状语还有：sofar、uptonow、sincetwoyearsago、foralongtime、in/duringthepast/lastfewyears等。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtoratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance.Theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,___4___notimportant.Toooftenit___5___(view)asmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority.Thisviewisshortsighted.Infact,musiceducationis___6___(benefit)andimportantforallstudents.Scienceandtechnologydonottellus___7___itmeanstobehuman.Theartsdo.【答案】4.but5.isviewed6.beneficial7.what【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了作者认为艺术教育尤其是音乐教育是相当重要和必须的，艺术尤其是音乐是人类表达情感的重要方式，人们应加强认识。【4题详解】考查连词。句意：人们似乎会说，音乐是美好的，但并不重要。根据Musicisnice和notimportant可知此处表示转折关系，因此要用转折连词but。故填but。【5题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：它往往被视为纯粹的娱乐活动，但肯定不是教育的重点。由上文可知时态是一般现在时，根据主语为it，与view之间的被动关系，可知此处要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填isviewed。【6题详解】考查形容词。句意：事实上，音乐教育对所有学生都是有益和重要的。根据系动词is可知此处要用形容词，作表语。故填beneficial。【7题详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：科学和技术并没有告诉我们成为人类意味着什么。分析句子可知，此处是一个宾语从句，做tell的宾语；分析宾语从句可知，此处要用引导词what，做means的宾语。故填what。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Twowaymostofusspendourmorningsisexactlyoppositetothe___8___(condition)thatpromoteflexible,openmindedthinking.Imaginativeideasaremostlikelytoetouswhenwereunfocused.Ifyouareoneofthoseenergeticmorningpeople,yourmostinventivetimeesintheearlyevening___9___youarerelaxed.Sleepypeople’slackoffocusleadstoanincreaseincreativeproblemsolving.Bynotgivingyourselftimetotuneintoyourwanderingmind,you’remissingoutonthe____10____(surprise)solutionsitmayoffer.【答案】8.conditions9.when10.surprising【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了我们大多数人度过上午的两种方式不利于促进灵活、开放的思维。注意力不集中时最有可能产生富有想象力的想法。【8题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：我们大多数人度过上午的两种方式不利于促进灵活、开放思维的条件。根据定语从句thatpromoteflexible,openmindedthinking可知此处先行词要用名词的复数形式作介词to的宾语。故填conditions。【9题详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果你是那种精力充沛的早起者，那么傍晚放松的时候是你最有创造力的时候。earlyevening为先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语从句。关系副词为when。故填when。【10题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果不给自己时间去调整自己的思绪，你就会错过它可能提供的令人惊讶的解决方案。根据名词solutions可知此处要用ving形式的形容词，作定语。故填surprising。第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文。掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IknewIshouldn’tbedrawinginmathsclass,butjustcouldn’t____11____.Mr.GalvinhadsuchafunnylookashelookedoverhisglassesatJamie’sunsuccessful____12____tosolvetheproblemontheboard.MaybeI____13____callthissplendidworkofart“Galvineyes”orsomething____14____disrespectful.IsuddenlyrealizedMr.Galvinwascallingmyname,“Peter,whatisyour—____15____thisproblem?“Ohno,Mr.Galvinwas____16____inmydirection!Indesperation,Itriedto____17____mybooktocoverthedrawing,butitwastoolate.“Peter,haveyoupletedproblemnumberseven?”EventhoughIhadn’tevenstartedtheproblem,Irepliedinmymost____18____tone,“Notquite,sir.”Whenhestoppedatthefrontoftherow,itboostedmy____19____.“I’llhaveitdoneinjustacoupleofminutes.”WhydidIalwayshavetoopenmybigmouth,____20____leavingwellenoughalone?Nowhewasingdirectlytowardmydesk.Mr.Galvin,inatoneof____21____,suggested,“Whydon’tyouetotheboardandshowushow____22____you’vegotten,andperhapsyourclassmatescan____23____youpletetheproblem?”AsIsearchedforananswer,Mr.Galvinreachedmydesk.Heliftedmybookwiththe____24____offindingapartiallysolvedmathsproblem.Instead,hefounda____25____ofhimself,glassesandall,lookingatJamiewithaquestioninglookonhisface.AtleastIhadn’thad____26____towrite“Galvineyes”orsomethingelseunderneathit!“Peter,”askedMr,Galvin,“justwhatdoyouexpectto____27____ofyourselfwiththiskindofbehaviour?”Withoutthinkinghowitmightbe____28____,Ireplied,“Acartoonist.”Wronganswer!Theclassgavea(n)____29____roundofapplause.But,actually,Ihadn’tmeanttoweakenhisauthoritywiththeclass.Ihadplentyofopportunitytothinkofother____30____whilewaitinginMr.Galvin’sofficeafterschool.Buttomysurprise,hesaidsoftlytome,“Tobeacartoonistiscool.Butthatdoesn’tmeanyouhavetogiveuponmaths,right?”“Withasmile,hecontinued,“WellIhadtoadmitthisicimageofmeiskindofcute,funnythough.Keeptrying,boy.Andwhosaysyoucan’tbethenextStanLee?”11.A.avoid B.remain C.resist D.doubt12.A.campaign B.trick C.fight D.attempt13.A.need B.could C.must D.dare14.A.equally B.frequently C.purely D.normally15.A.imagination B.solution C.evaluation D.description16.A.looking B.shouting C.pointing D.walking17.A.hold B.adjust C.balance D.replace18.A.dramatic B.reasonable C.respectful D.friendly19.A.confidence B.honesty C.pride D.strength20.A.regardlessof B.inspiteof C.intermsof D.insteadof21.A.disappointment B.understanding C.distrust D.shock22.A.far B.many C.soon D.long23.A.feel B.help C.have D.let24.A.consideration B.assumption C.expectation D.impression25.A.drawing B.photo C.story D.report26.A.mood B.space C.courage D.time27.A.drive B.set C.show D.make28.A.taken B.put C.played D.settled29.A.polite B.nice C.appreciative D.average30.A.instructions B.replies C.suggestions D.methods【答案】11.C12.D13.B14.A15.B16.A17.A18.C19.D20.D21.B22.A23.B24.C25.A26.D27.D28.D29.C30.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在数学课上画画，当被加尔文先生问到第七道数学题的解答方法时却谎称快做好了，后来被加尔文先生发现了。放学后，在办公室里，加尔文先生没有责怪他，并鼓励他画画的同时要学好数学。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我不应该在数学课上画画，但就是忍不住。A.avoid避免；B.remain保持；C.resist抵抗，忍住；D.doubt怀疑。根据“IknewIshouldn’tbedrawinginmathsclass”可知此处表示忍不住在数学课上画画。故选C。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当加尔文先生透过眼镜看着杰米没能成功尝试解决黑板上的问题时，他的表情很滑稽。A.campaign运动，活动；B.trick恶作剧，窍门；C.fight打架，斗争；D.attempt试图，企图。根据“tosolvetheproblemontheboard”可知此处表示杰米尝试解决黑板上的问题，但没有成功。故选D。【13题详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：也许我可以把这个伟大的艺术作品叫做“加尔文之眼”或者其他同样无礼的名字。A.need需要；B.could可以，能够；C.must必须；D.dare敢。根据“callthissplendidworkofart“Galvineyes””可知此处表示可以把这个伟大的艺术作品叫做“加尔文之眼”。故选B。【14题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许我可以把这个伟大的艺术作品叫做“加尔文之眼”或者其他同样无礼的名字。A.equally同样地，平等地；B.frequently经常地，频繁地；C.purely仅仅，只不过；D.normally正常地，通常地。根据“disrespectful”可知此处表示其他同样无礼的名字。故选A。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然意识到加尔文先生正叫着我的名字，“彼得，你对这个问题的解决方案是什么?”A.imagination想象；B.solution解决方案；C.evaluation评价；D.description描述，描写。根据上文“tosolvetheproblemontheboard”可知此处表示是对这个问题的解决方案。故选B。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：哦，不，加尔文先生朝我这边看了!A.looking看着；B.shouting叫喊；C.pointing指向，表明；D.walking行走。根据上文“IsuddenlyrealizedMr.Galvinwascallingmyname”可知此处表示加尔文先生会朝我这边看。故选A。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在绝望中，我试图用我的书盖住这幅画，但已经太晚了。A.hold持有,拿；B.adjust调整；C.balance使平衡；D.replace取代，代替。根据“mybooktocoverthedrawing”可知此处表示拿我的书盖住这幅画。故选A。【18题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管我还没开始做这个问题，我还是用我最恭敬的语气回答道：“没完全做完，先生。”A.dramatic巨大的，急剧的；B.reasonable合理的；C.respectful有礼貌的，恭敬的；D.friendly友好的。根据““Notquite,sir.””可知此处表示用最恭敬的语气回答。故选C。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他停在前排的时候，我的勇气增强了。A.confidence自信；B.honesty诚实；C.pride自豪的；D.strength勇气，力量，力气。根据下文““I’llhaveitdoneinjustacoupleofminutes.””可知此处表示我继续说谎的勇气增强了。故选D。【20题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：为什么我总是要说大话，而不是顺其自然？A.regardlessof不管，不顾；B.inspiteof尽管，不顾；C.intermsof按照，依据；D.insteadof代替，而不是。根据“openmybigmouth”和“leavingwellenoughalone”前后对比，可知此处表示转折。故选D。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：加尔文先生以一种理解的语气建议说：“你为什么不到黑板来，告诉我们你已经做了多少，也许你的同学可以帮助你完成这个问题?”A.disappointment失望，沮丧；B.understanding明白，理解；C.distrust不信任，怀疑；D.shock震惊。根据“suggested”可知此处指加尔文先生表示理解。故选B。【22题详解】考查副词和形容词词义辨析。句意：加尔文先生以一种理解的语气建议说：“你为什么不到黑板来，告诉我们你已经做了多少，也许你的同学可以帮助你完成这个问题?”A.far程度深地；B.many许多的；C.soon快；D.long长期地。根据“you’vegotten”可知此处表示已经做了多少，即题解到哪种程度了。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：加尔文先生以一种理解的语气建议说：“你为什么不到黑板来，告诉我们你已经做了多少，也许你的同学可以帮助你完成这个问题?”A.feel感觉；B.help帮助，促进；C.have让，拿；D.let允许，出租。根据“pletetheproblem”可知此处表示同学可以帮助。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他拿起我的书，期望找到一道解了大部分的数学题。A.consideration考虑，关心；B.assumption设想；C.expectation期待，期望；D.impression印象，效果。根据上文的““I’llhaveitdoneinjustacoupleofminutes.””和“offindingapartiallysolvedmathsproblem”可知此处表示他期望找到一道解了大部分的数学题。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他找到了一幅自己的画像，上面戴着眼镜，带着疑问的表情看着杰米。A.drawing素描，图画；B.photo照片；C.story故事；D.report报告。根据上文“mybooktocoverthedrawing”可知此处表示他找到的是一幅自己的画像。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：至少我没有时间在下面写“加尔文之眼”或者其他什么东西!A.mood情绪，语气；B.space空间，太空；C.courage勇气；D.time时间。根据上文“butitwastoolate”可知此处表示时间不够，所以没来得及在下面写“加尔文之眼”或者其他什么东西。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“彼得，”加尔文先生问道，“你这样做是想让自己成为什么?”A.drive开车；B.set放，创立，分配；C.show显示，说明；D.make获得，使得，成为。根据下文“Ireplied,“Acartoonist.””可知此处表示加尔文先生问道这样做是想问作者我自己成为什么。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也没想应该怎么回答，就回答说：“一个漫画家。”A.taken拿，带；B.put放；C.played打，玩；D.settled解决，定居。根据“Withoutthinking”可知此处表示没想应该怎么解决，即回答老师的这个问题。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：全班同学报以一阵赞赏的掌声。A.polite有礼貌的；B.nice好的；C.appreciative感激的，赏识的；D.average平均的，普通的。根据“Wronganswer!”和“Ihadn’tmeanttoweakenhisauthoritywiththeclass”可知此处表示全班同学报以一阵赞赏的掌声来揶揄我。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：放学后，在加尔文先生的办公室里等着的时候，我有很多机会去想其他的回答。A.instructions说明，指令；B.replies回复，回答；C.suggestions建议；D.methods方法。根据“whilewaitinginMr.Galvin’sofficeafterschool”可知此处表示我有很多机会去想其他的答复。故选B。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项并答题卡上将该项涂黑。ARecordcollector★Bookazineseries★PinkFloydShootingForTheMoonItrecordsthedevelopmentofthisgloballylovedband,fromtheirbeginningsbackin1967totheirlastingpositionhalfacenturylater,bythewayofarchive(档案,史料).TherollingStones:MakingTheLegendThisspecialmagazinefocusingonthearchivestellstheeststoryoftheriseofTherollingStones.It’samusthaveforfansoftheworldsgreatestrock’n’rollband—andforanyonewhowantstobecamewhatitistoday,thisisthebookazineforyou.TheBeatles—Vol1Evolution(194064)ThisisthefirstindiesetofthreeIts116pagescovereverysingle,albumandepfrom1962to1964,allnewlyreviewedbytopexperts,formingaUKBeatlesdiscography(录音作品名录)withments:amusthaveforfansandcollectors.TheBeatles—Vol2:Revolution(196567)ItisthesecondinthesetCoveringtheircreativegloryyearsinthemid60s,uptotherecordingoftheirmasterpiece,SgtPepper’s,itpresentsinterviewswiththeirgreatproducerGeorgeMartin,PattieBoydandBeatlesinsiderTonyBramwell.116pagesofqualityreading.TheBeatles—Vol3:Ascension(19682019)Itisthethirdintheseries,coveringtheirfinalyearstogether,fromthestoryoftheWhiteAlbumtothesuccessofAbbeyRoad.Thereisanalysisofwhatfinallybrokeuptheband.◆Buyapackageofany3forjust￡18.00UK(￡28.50EU,￡34.50restofworld)postagepackingincluded◆Availabletobuyseparatelyat￡6.99UK,￡10.49EU&￡12.49restofworldpostagepackingincluded◆Foramixedpackagepleasecalluson02087528193NOW!31.Ifareaderisinterestedinthedevelopmentofrock’n’roll,hewillchoose________.A.PinkFloyd—ShootingForTheMoonB.TheRollingStones:MakingTheLegendC.TheBeatles—Vol2:Revolution(965—7)D.TheBeatles—Vol3:Ascension(1968—2019)32.WhatmakesTheBeatles—Vol2specialintheset?A.Itincludesinterviews. B.Itaccessesthearchives.C.Ithasatotalof116pages. D.Ittellswhythebandbrokeup.33.HowmuchshouldhepayifareaderinChinawantstobuytheBeatlespackage?A.￡37.47. B.￡31.47.C.￡34.50. D.￡28.50【答案】31.B32.A33.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些书本记录收藏集系列的相关信息。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据TherollingStones:MakingTheLegend中“It’samusthaveforfansoftheworldsgreatestrock’n’rollband—andforanyonewhowantstobecamewhatitistoday,thisisthebookazineforyou.（对于世界上最伟大的摇滚乐队的粉丝来说，这本书是必不可少的，对于任何想成为它今天这样的人来说，这本书就是适合你的。）”可知，如果读者对摇滚乐的发展感兴趣，他会选择TherollingStones:MakingTheLegend。故选B项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据TheBeatles—Vol2:Revolution(196567)中“itpresentsinterviewswiththeirgreatproducerGeorgeMartin,PattieBoydandBeatlesinsiderTonyBramwell（它介绍了他们伟大的制作人乔治·马丁，帕蒂·博伊德和披头士内部人士托尼·布拉姆韦尔的访谈）”可知，甲壳虫乐队第二卷的特别之处在于它包括访谈。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据“

Buyapackageofany3forjust

￡18.00UK(￡28.50EU,

￡34.50restofworld)postagepackingincluded（买任意3本的一个套餐，英国只要￡18.00(欧盟要￡28.50，世界其它地区要￡34.50)包括邮资包装费）”可知，如果一个中国读者想买甲壳虫乐队套餐，他应该付￡34.50。故选C项。BTerasaHilldidnotintendtodosomethingunplanned.ItbeganwhenTerasa,whohadgrownuparoundhorses,wasobservingahorseauction(拍卖).Achestnut:racehorsewasforsale?Thehorsehadaninjuredleg,butthatdidn’tmatter“ShewasthemostbeautifulthingI’deverseen,”saidTerasa.Whenthebiddingstarted,Terasasurprisedherselfbysteppingin.Therewasnowayshewasgoingtoallowthathorsetohaveanuncertainfuture.AtMYM450,thebiddingstopped!TerasabecamethenewownerofSierra,anervousracehorsewithanunfortunatepast.Sierra,limping(病)andhurtwithpainfromabrokenknee,becamealabourofloveforTerasa.Afterthreelongmonthsofnursingherundertheguidanceofalocalanimaldoctor,thelegrecoveredandTerasa’smostimpressivegamebegan.Itwasn’tonlySierra’slegthatneededtorecover;Sierraneededtorelearnhowtotrustpeople.TerasathoughtthebestwaytowinSierra’strustandfondnesswastofeedhertreats.TerasaprovidedSierrawithmanytreats,butnonepassedthesniff(嗅)test—Sierraturneduphernoseatallofthem.Desperate,Terasaexperimentedbymakingherownmixtureofmolassesandgrains,whichshebakedinherownkitchen.ThecookieswereahitwithSierraandotherhorses,sendingTerasa’slifeinanewdirection.Terasalookhertreats,called“Barnies,”toalocalstore.Theysoldlikehotcakes,andwithinmonthslocalbusinessmenbegandemandingformore.Terasa’skitchenwasnolongerbigenoughfortheincreaseddemand,whichforcedhertomoveheroperationtoanOshawapany.Thenaserioushealthproblemthreatenedtoderailherplans.TerasacalleduponthesamedeterminationthathadhelpedhersaveSierratohelpherovereherownillness.FamilyandfriendscametoherrescueandkeptBarniesLtd.going.Almostayearlater,healthyandmoreresolutethanever,TerasafoundanationaldistributorandBainiesbegansellingin144storesacrossCanada.AndwhataboutSierratheinspirationforallthissuccessandchange?Thehorsehasfullyrecoveredandhasbeeawonderfulridinghorse.34.WhydidTerasetrymakingherowncookies?ATobeabletoworkfromhome.B.Tosetupabusinessofherown.C.ToprovideahealthydietforSierra.D.Tofindawaytobondwiththehorse.35.Whatduestheunderlinedword“derail”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Reject. B.Develop. C.Launch. D.Ruin.36.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTerasa?A.Determinedandcaring. B.Capableandcourageous.C.Ambitiousandoutgoing. D.Strongwilledandhumor.37.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ARemarkablerecoveryB.Loveme,LovemyhorseC.ALabourofLoveInspiresaCareerD.AnimalLoverLiftsLimpingHorse’sSpirits【答案】34.D35.D36.A37.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了TerasaHill对一匹名叫Sierra的受伤赛马付出了爱的劳动，这份劳动使得Terasa建立起了一个曲奇饼干公司。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“TerasathoughtthebestwaytowinSierra’strustandfondnesswastofeedhertreats.TerasaprovidedSierrawithmanytreats,butnonepassedthesniff(嗅)test—Sierraturneduphernoseatallofthem.Desperate,Terasaexperimentedbymakingherownmixtureofmolassesandgrains,whichshebakedinherownkitchen.ThecookieswereahitwithSierraandotherhorses,sendingTerasa’slifeinanewdirection.（Terasa认为赢得Sierra的信任和喜爱的最好方法就是给它喂食。Terasa给塞拉提供了很多零食，但是没有一个能通过嗅嗅测试。Sierra对所有的零食都嗤之以鼻。绝望之下，Terasa尝试在自己的厨房里烤出糖浆和谷物的混合物。这些饼干受到了Sierra和其他马的欢迎，让Terasa的生活有了新的方向。）”可知，Terase尝试自己做饼干是想找到与赛马Sierra建立联系的办法。故选D项。【35题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段中“Terasa’skitchenwasnolongerbigenoughfortheincreaseddemand,whichforcedhertomoveheroperationtoanOshawapany.（Terasa的厨房已经不能满足日益增长的需求，这迫使她把她的业务转移到奥沙瓦的一家公司。）”以及倒数第二段中“Thenaserioushealthproblemthreatenedtoderailherplans.（然后，一个严重的健康问题威胁到_________她的计划。）”由Terasa把业务转移到奥沙瓦的一家公司，但是她出现了严重的健康问题，可知，这会毁坏她的计划，因此，划线词derail意为“毁坏，奔溃”。故选D项。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Itwasn’tonlySierra’slegthatneededtorecover;Sierraneededtorelearnhowtotrustpeople.TerasathoughtthebestwaytowinSierra’strustandfondnesswastofeedhertreats.（需要康复的不仅仅是Sierra的腿；Sierra需要重新学习如何信任别人。Terasa认为赢得Sierra的信任和喜爱的最好方法就是给它喂食。）”可知，Terasa是有同情心的；以及倒数第二段中“Almostayearlater,healthyandmoreresolutethanever,TerasafoundanationaldistributorandBainiesbegansellingin144storesacrossCanada.（大约一年后，Terasa比以往任何时候都更健康、更坚定，她找到了一个全国分销商，Bainies开始在加拿大各地的144家门店销售。）”可知她是有决心的人。因此，Terasa既有决心又是有同情心的。故选A项。【37题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Sierra,limping(病)andhurtwithpainfromabrokenknee,becamealabourofloveforTerasa.（膝盖受伤疼痛和难忍的Sierra爱上了Terasa。）”；以及倒数第二段中“FamilyandfriendscametoherrescueandkeptBarniesLtd.going.Almostayearlater,healthyandmoreresolutethanever,TerasafoundanationaldistributorandBainiesbegansellingin144storesacrossCanada.（她的家人和朋友来拯救她，让巴尼继续经营下去。大约一年后，Terasa比以往任何时候都更健康、更坚定，并找到了一个全国分销商，Bainies开始在加拿大各地的144家门店销售。）”可知，本文主要讲述了TerasaHill对一匹名叫Sierra的受伤赛马付出了爱的劳动，这份劳动使得Terasa建立起了一个曲奇饼干公司，因此本文的最佳标题选项C“爱的劳动激发了一份事业”符合题意。故选C项。CAcrosstheglobeonly10percentofthepopulationarelefthanded—andithasbeenthatwayforthousandsofyears.Butwhenyoulookintothesportsworld,leftiesexistinlargenumbers.Why?Theanswerliesintherelativebalancebetweencooperationandpetitioninhumansociety,saysanewstudypublishedinBritain’sTheJournaloftheRoyalSocietyInterface.ThestudybyprofessorDanielAbramsandMarkPanaggioofappliedsciencepointsoutthatforsocietytofunctionefficiently—handinhand—cooperationiskey.Andcooperationfavorssamehandedness—sowecansharetools,forexample,andmoreeasilyteacheachotherskills.Ontheotherhand,petitionfavorstheelementofsurprise.Andthisiswhy“lefthandershavetheadvantageinanysportwherethere’sdirectphysicalcontest,”Abramssaid.“Theyhavethesurpriseadvantageinthattheypracticemoreagainsttherighthanders,buttherighthandersdon’tpracticemuchagainstthem.“It’salsothereasonleftieshaven’tbeenwipedout,”evolutionarilyspeaking.“Lefthandedpeoplehavealwayshadthisbuiltinadvantageforthiskindofpetition,”Abramssaid.Thus,solongasthere’spetitioninsociety,leftieswillsurvive.AdamsandPanaggiocreatedaputermodelthatcorrectlypredictedthepercentageoflefthandedathletesinseveralsports.Abouthalfofmajorleaguebaseballplayersandproboxersarelefthanders,whileamongPGagolfersthenumberofleftiesisamere4percent.“Golfisoneofourgotoexamplesforthecooperativeeffect,”Abramsaid.“Lefthandersseemtobeselectedagainstingolf,andthereasonforthatisthatgolfhasacooperativeaspecttoit.Especiallywhenpeoplefirstbeginplayinggolftheytendtoborroworrentclubs,andlefthandedclubsarehardertofindandthey’remoreexpensive.Sothere’sacooperativeadvantageinthatpeoplecanshareclubswhenthey’reallofthesamehandedness.”Butit’snotjustgolfthatcanbechallenging.Livingasalefthandedminorityinaworlddesignedfortherighthandedmajoritycanbereallydangerous.“Evidencefromoutsidethesportsworldisthatlefthandersaremorelikelytobeinvolvedinaccidentsinvariousways,”Abramssaid.Sowhenpickingplayersfortheofficesoftballteam,youwanttochooseasmanyleftiesasyoucantomaximizeyourchanceofwinning—butdon’tbesurprisedwhentheyshowuptothegameinjured.38.Therearemorerighthandersinthesocietybecause________.A.theycanworktogetherbetter B.peopleprefertouserighthandsC.leftiesareunwillingtocooperate D.ithasbeenthecaseforalongtime39.Inwhatsportsareleftiesfavoured?A.Sportsthatsurpriseaudience.B.Sportsthatvalueindividualpractice.C.Sportsthatrequireprofessionalskills.D.Sportsthatinvolvephysicalpetition.40.Whyareonly4%golferslefthanders?A.Becausegolfhasahighentrybarrier.B.BecauselefthandersgetinjuredeasilyC.BecausegolfLakesupmuchlimeandenergy.D.Becauselefthandersfindithardtowiningolf.41.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.pareandeducate B.explainandinformC.discussandpersuade D.examineandassess【答案】38.A39.D40.A41.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项最新关于惯用手的研究。生活中大部分人是右利手，而在体育界左撇子的数量非常多，一项发表在英国《皇家学会界面杂志》上的新研究表明，答案在于人类社会合作与竞争之间的相对平衡。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“ThestudybyprofessorDanielAbramsandMarkPanaggioofappliedsciencepointsoutthatforsocietytofunctionefficiently—handinhand—cooperationiskey.Andcooperationfavorssamehandedness—sowecansharetools,forexample,andmoreeasilyteacheachotherskills.(这项由应用科学的DanielAbrams教授和MarkPanaggio教授进行的研究指出，要想让社会有效运转——手拉手——合作是关键。而且合作更青睐于惯用手——例如，我们可以共享工具，也更容易互相传授技能。)”可知，要使社会有效运转，携手合作是关键，而合作更倾向于选择有一样利手的人，这样人们可以分享工具，更容易地传授技能，由此可知，从社会角度来说，大部分人是右利手是因为他们可以更好地合作。故选A项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Ontheotherhand,petitionfavorstheelementofsurprise.Andthisiswhy“lefthandershavetheadvantageinanysportwherethere’sdirectphysicalcontest,”Abramssaid.(另一方面，竞争倾向于出人意料的元素。这就是为什么“左撇子在任何有直接身体对抗的运动中都有优势，”艾布拉姆斯说。)”可知，左利手（左撇子）在任何有直接身体对抗的运动中占优势。故选D项。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“Especiallywhenpeoplefirstbeginplayinggolftheytendtoborroworrentclubs,andlefthandedclubsarehardertofindandthey’remoreexpensive.Sothere’sacooperativeadvantageinthatpeoplecanshareclubswhenthey’reallofthesamehandedness.”可知，尤其是当人们刚开始打高尔夫球的时候，他们倾向于借或租球杆，而左撇子的球杆很难找到，也更贵。所以当人们有相同的惯用（右）手时他们可以共享球杆，这就是合作优势。由此可知，为什么只有4%的高尔夫球手是左撇子是因为高尔夫的进入门槛很高。故选A项。【41题详解】推理判断题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章第一段揭示了文章主旨要义“Acrosstheglobeonly10percentofthepopulationarelefthanded—andithasbeenthatwayforthousandsofyears.Butwhenyoulookintothesportsworld,leftiesexistinlargenumbers.Why?Theanswerliesintherelativebalancebetweencooperationandpetitioninhumansociety,saysanewstudypublishedinBritain’sTheJournaloftheRoyalSocietyInterface.(全世界只有10%的人是左撇子，而且这种情况已经持续了数千年。但当你审视体育界时，你会发现左撇子的数量非常多。为什么?一项发表在英国《皇家学会界面杂志》上的新研究表明，答案在于人类社会合作与竞争之间的相对平衡。)”，由此可知，文章主要讲述了为什么生活中大部分人都是右利手（因为要合作），而在体育界中大部分运动员都是左利手（因为要竞争）；同时文章在后文段落“Butit’snotjustgolfthatcanbechallenging.Livingasalefthandedminorityinaworlddesignedfortherighthandedmajoritycanbereallydangerous.(但挑战的不仅仅是高尔夫。在一个为右撇子多数人设计的世界里，作为一个左撇子少数人生活是非常危险的。)”告知了读者左利手的人们也面临很多挑战。由此可推知，这篇文章主要目的是解释并告知。故选B项。DRemovinggenderbiasTailorsworkedoutlongagothatmenandwomenhavedifferentshapes.Yetthismessagehasfailedtoentermanyotherareasofdesign.Carseatbelts,forexample,whichdatebacktothe1880s,areoftenstillmoresuitableformen,whotendtositfartherbackthanwomenwhendriving.AndtodaythemostforwardlookingtechpaniesonEartharestillplacingoldschoolbias(偏见；成见)intonewproducts.Considersmartphones.Mostaretoobigtofitfortablyintotheaveragewoman’shand,asaremanyvideogamecontrollers.Anobviouspartoftheexplanationfortheirdesignproblemisthatmencontrolmostofitspanies—malerunfirmsreceive82%ofventurecapital(VC)funding.Malebossesmaybeunawareoftheproblemswomenface.Theymaynotflagupobviousareasofconcern,orasktherightquestionswhendoingtheirresearchforanewproductdesign.Andonceanideagetsthegreenlight,itwillthenbehandledbyproductdesignandengineeringteams,threequartersofwhosemembersaremen.Theseteamsoftenusedatatomakedecisions,butmixingalluserstogethermeanstheymayfailtospottrendsbasedonsexdifferences.Dependenceonhistoricaldata,andthelackofdataonunderrepresentedgroups,canalsocreatebiasinalgorithms(算法).Nextestesting.Naturally,designerstestoriginalmodelsontheirintendedcustomers,buttheymaynotgetfeedbackfromabroadenoughgroupofpeople.Thereisalsotheriskofconfirmationbias—designersmaylistentowhattheywanttohear,andignorenegativereactionsfromsomegroupsofusers.Tech’sdesignbiasneedsfixingformoral,safetyandbusinessreasons.Theethicalimportanceisobvious:itiswrongthatwomenhavetomakedowitha“onesizefitsmen”world,asCarolineCriadoPerez,awriter,putsit.Asforsafety,regulatorscantacklethatbybanningthingsthataredangeroustowomen—includingseatbelts—becausetheyareno!designedproperly.Butthereisalsoapowerfulbusinesscaseforavoidingdesignbias,becausehugeopportunitiesarebeingmissed.Womenare50%ofthepopulation,andmake70—80%oftheworld’sconsumerspendingdecisions.Changeising.Thefirstvoicerecognitionsystemsstruggledtounderstandfemalevoices,butmostnowmanagejustfine.“Femtech”startuppanies,whichfocusonwomen’shealthandwellbeing,mayraiseMYM1billionbytheendofthisyear.VCfundsandtechfirmsarehiringmorewomen.Ensuringthatproductsaredesignedforeveryonewouldleadtohappierandsafercustomers.Forthepaniesthatgetitright,thatmeanshigherprofits.Whatisholdingthemback?42.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2means________.A.hitsthemarket B.getsapprovalC.beessuccessful D.esintobeing43.WhatisdiscussedinParagraphs2and3?A.Whytech’sdesignbiasneedstobefixed.B.Howgenderbiasisaffectingtechpanies.C.Wheregenderbiasinproductdesignisrooted.D.Whoistoblameforgenderbiasintechpanies.44.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.techpaniesareunwillingtochangeB.designbiasmayresultinmissedopportunitiesC.maleworkersbenefitmoreinengineeringteamsD.techpaniesarepooratmakinguserfriendlyproducts45.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureofbiasfreeproductdesign?A.Uncertain. B.Sceptical.C.Positive. D.Negative.【答案】42.B43.C44.B45.C【解析