2022年自考专业(英语)英语阅读（一）考试真题及答案20

2022年自考专业（英语）英语阅读（一）考试

真题及答案

一、CarefulReading(40points,2pointsforeach)Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagescarefully.Decideonthebest

answersandwritethecorrespondinglettersonyourAnswer

Sheet.

1、PassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowing

passage.Althoughnooneiscertainwhymigrationoccurs,there

areseveraltheories.Onetheoryisbaseduponthepremisethat

prehistoricbirdsoftheNorthernHemispherewereforcedsouth

duringtheIceAge,whenglacierscoveredlargepartsofEurope,

Asia,andNorthAmerica.Astheglaciersmelted,thebirdscame

backtotheirhomelands,spentthesummer,andthenwentsouth

againastheiceadvancedinwinter.Intime,themigration

becameahabit,andnow,althoughtheglaciershavedisappeared,

thehabitcontinues.Anothertheoryproposesthattheancestral

homeofallmodernbirdswasthetropics.Whentheregionbecame

overpopulated,manyspecieswerecrowdednorth.Duringthe

summer,therewasplentyoffood,butduringthewinter,

scarcityforcedthemtoreturntothetropics.Amorerecent

theory,knownasphotoperiodism,suggestsarelationship

betweenincreasingdaylightandthestimulation,ofcertain

glandsinthebirds,bodiesthatmaypreparethemformigration.

Onescientisthasbeenabletocausemidwintermigrationsby

exposingbirdstoartificialperiodsofdaylight.Hehas

concludedthatchangesoccurinthebodiesofbirdsdueto

seasonalchangesinthelengthofdaylight.Accordingtoone

theory,whentheglaciersdisappeared,birds.

A.stoppedmigrating

B.continuedmigrating

C.beganmigratingagain

D.migratedsouthandstayedthere

2、Theauthorstatesthatbirdsleftthetropics

because.

A.therewasnotenoughfoodthereinthewinter

B.thereweretoomanybirds

C.thereweretoomanyglaciers

D.therewastoomuchdaylight

3、Whydidonescientistexposebirdstoartificialdaylight?

A.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetweendaylight

andchangesintheseason.

B.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetween

migrationandtemperature.

C.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetweendaylight

andmigration.

D.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetweendaylight

andadiseaseoftheglandscommontobirds.

4、Accordingtothetheoryofphotoperiodism,.

A.birdsshouldmigrateinthemiddleofthewinter

B.increasingdaylightincreasesthedistanceofmigration

C.seasonalchangesinthelengthofdaysdonotaffect

migration

D.longerdayscausechangesinthebodiesofbirds

5、Thispassagesupportsthebeliefthat.

A.exactreasonsformigrationarenotknown

B.birdsmigratebecauseofchangesintemperature

C.theancestralhomeofallbirdswasthetropics

D.glacierscausedbirdstomigrate

6、PassageTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage.WhenChristopherColumbuslandedintheNewWorld,the

NorthAmericancontinentwasanareaofastonishingethnicand

culturaldiversity.NorthoftheRioGrande,whichnowmarks

theborderbetweentheUnitedStatesandMexico,hasa

populationofover12millionpeoplerepresenting

approximately400distinctcultures,500languages,anda

remarkablevarietyofpoliticalandreligiousinstitutionsand

physicalandethnictypes,ComparedtotheEuropeans,the

Indianpeopleswereextraordinarilyheterogeneous,andthey

oftenviewedtheEuropeansasjustanothertribe.Thesevaried

tribalcultureswereasdiversifiedasthelandtheIndians

inhabited.InthehighplainsoftheDakotas,theMandan

developedapeacefulcommunalsocietycenteredaround

agriculture.Onlyafewhundredmilesaway,however,in

northwesternMontana,theBlackfeetturnedfromagriculture

andbegantousehorses,whichhadbeenintroducedbythe

Spaniards.Asskilledriders,theybecamehuntersandfighters

anddevelopedafierceandaggressiveculturecenteredaround

thebuffalo.IntheeasternwoodlandssurroundingtheGreat

Lakes,thePotawatomiswereexpertfishermen,canoebuilders,

andhunters.IntheNortheast,thesixIroquoisnationswere

amongthemostpoliticallysophisticatedpeopleintheworld,

formingthefamedIroquoisConfederation,whichincludedthe

SenecasandtheMohawks.Thisconfederation,withitssystem

ofchecksandbalances,providedamodelfortheUnitedStates

Constitution.Abouthowmanydifferentculturesexistedamong

thefifteenth-centuryNorthAmericanIndians?

A.400.

B.500.

C.600.

D.1200.

7、TheMandantribescouldbestbeclassifiedas.

A.hunters

B.canoebuilders

C.farmers

D.fishermen

8、Beforetheintroductionofhorses,theBlackfeettribes

were.

A.peacefulfarmers

B.aggressivehunters

C.fiercewarriors

D.skillfulsailors

9、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelife-styles

ofthevariousAmericanIndiantribeswereinfluencedmost

by.

A.contactwithothertribes

B.environmentalresources

C.contactwithEuropeans

D.governmentalorganization

10^Accordingtothepassage,howwastheorganizationofthe

IroquoisConfederationaforerunneroftheUnitedStates

Constitution?

A.Itwasaunionofsmallerunits.

B.Ithadarepresentativegovernment

C.Itsformofgovernmenthadasophisticatedwayofselecting

judges.

D.Itspowerwasregulatedbyasystemofchecksandbalances.

11、PassageThreeQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowing

passage.Unfortunately,mostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe

1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2022:ASpaceOdyssey.

SkillfullydirectedbyStanleyKubrick,2022,whichappeared

in1968,setnewstandardsforsciencefictionfilms.During

thenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefiction

moviesreleasedwascomparedto2022,andallbutafewwere

foundsadlylacking.Admittedly,Kubrickhadoneofthelargest

budgetseverforafilmofthiskind,but,inmyopinion,much

ofthemovie'spowerandappealwasachievedthrough

relativelyinexpensivemeans.Forexample,themusicalscore,

whichwasadaptedinlargepartfromwell-knownclassical

compositions,wasreinforcedbytheuseofalmostkaleidoscopic

visualeffects,especiallyduringthespacetravelsequences.

Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselyto

theebbandflowofthemusic.After2022,thedominantthemeof

sciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspace

traveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman,smismanagement

ofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybya

totalitarianstate.Overpopulationandtheaccompanying

shortagesoffoodpromptthestatetoimposeextraordinary

controlsonitscitizens.Nofewerthantwenty-ninefilmswere

madearoundthisthemeintheyearsbetween1970and1977,

includingSurvivorsandChronicles.Intheopinionofthis

reviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefiction

filmswerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreater

orlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots.ButStarWarswas

different.Itofferedusareturntoimaginativevoyagesin

spaceandconfrontationwithintelligentlifeonotherplanets.

Unliketheothersciencefictionfilmsofthedecade,Star

Warspresentedtechnologyashavingsolvedratherthan

aggravatedecologicalproblems.Thespecialeffectscreatedto

simulatespacevehicleshurtlingthroughtheblacknessofthe

universewerereminiscentoftheartisticstandardssetby

2022.Intheauthor'sopinion,mostofthesciencefiction

filmsreleasedinthe1970swere.

A.betterthan2022:ASpaceOdyssey

B.notasgoodas2022:ASpaceOdyssey

C.almostthesameasStarWars

D.betterthanStarWars

12、Thethemeofthemajorityofsciencefictionfilmsmade

between1970and1977was.

A.spacetravel

B.lifeonotherplanets

C.ecologicalproblemsonearth

D.warsbetweentheearthandotherplanets

13、Theauthorbelievesthatthebestsciencefictionmovie

madeinthe1970swas.

A.2022:ASpaceOdyssey

B.Survivors

C.Chronicles

D.StarWars

14^Intheauthor'sopinion,whywas2022successful?

A.Becauseitsbudgetwaslarge.

B.Becauseitscameraworkandmusicalscorewereblended

artistically.

C.Becauseitsplotwasrepetitive.

D.Becauseitssymbolismwasverygood.

15^Whatdoestheauthormostobjecttointhesciencefiction

moviesofthe1970s?

A.Heobjectstotheircamerawork.

B.Hedoesnotliketheirmusic.

C.Hebelievesthattheirstoriesaretoomuchalike.

D.Hecriticizestheirspecialeffects.

16、PassageFourQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowing

passage.AstheSouthwasbeginningtofinditselfafterthe

AmericanCivilWar,theNorth,too,focuseditsinterestonthe

landsbelowtheMason-DixonLine.Northernersswarmedoverthe

South:journalists,agentsofprospectiveinvestors,

speculatorswithplansforrailroads,writersanxioustoexpose

themselvestoanewenvironment.Oneof