2024年高考英语二轮复习第二部分阅读能力突破篇专题二阅读七选五第3讲根据行文逻辑解题

第二部分专题二第3讲A(2023·山西省高三一模)You'veprobablyheardofahybrid(杂交物种)infilmsorbooks．ThecentaursintheHarryPotterfilmsarehybridsofhumanandhorse．1Hybridizationoccursinbothplantsandanimals．2What'smore,manyplantsthatpeopleeat,fromstrawberriestocarrots,cornandpotatoes,havebeencreatedbyhybridization．Cross-breeding(杂交)sometimesoccurswhenanimals'normalterritoryoverlaps(部分重叠)．3Thegrolarbearisahybridthathappenswhengrizzlyandpolarbearsmate．Astheenvironmentwarms,grizzliesinAlaskaandCanadawanderfurthernorth,bringingthemintocontactwithpolarbears．Artificialmixingoftenhappensinzoos,wheredifferentspeciesthatdon'tnormallymeetinthewildcanbeintroducedtoeachother．Ligers(lionandtigerhybrids)areunlikelytooccurinnature,becausetheonlyplacethattheirhabitatsoverlapistheGirForestinIndia．4Mixedspeciesaremorelikelytobebornwithhealthissuesthanotheranimals．Mosthybridsborninzoosareinfertile,whichmeanstheyareunabletohavebabies．However,manycross-breedsborninthewild,likethegrolarbear,canhavetheirownbabies．5“It'spartoftheevolutionaryprocess，”hesays．Fertilehybridscanleadtothecreationofanewspeciesandincreasethevarietyoflivingthings．A．Wildlifeconservationisofsignificance．B．Didyouknowhybridizationisabiologicalprocess?C．That'sduetohabitatdestructionorchangingclimate．D．Didyouknowthathybridsappearinthenaturalworld,too?E．Jimmybelievesspecieshybridizationinnatureisagoodthing．F．Manyconservationiststhinkthatcreatinghybridsisabadthing．G．Livingthings,especiallyplants,willnaturallyhybridizeinthewild．【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，主题语境为人与自然。文章主要介绍了动植物的杂交并且举例说明其发生条件以及结果。1．D段尾题。根据上文“You'veprobablyheardofahybrid(杂交物种)infilmsorbooks．ThecentaursintheHarryPotterfilmsarehybridsofhumanandhorse．(你可能在电影或书中听说过杂交物种。《哈利波特》系列电影中的人马兽是人和马的杂交物种。)”以及下文“Hybridizationoccursinbothplantsandanimals．(杂交在动植物中时有发生。)”可知，杂交物种出现在电影或书里和在植物和动物中，此处起着承上启下的作用，D项“你知道自然世界里也有杂交物种吗？”符合语境。故选D。2．G段中题。根据上文“Hybridizationoccursinbothplantsandanimals．(杂交在动植物中时有发生。)”以及下文“What'smore,manyplantsthatpeopleeat,fromstrawberriestocarrots,cornandpotatoes,havebeencreatedbyhybridization．(更重要的是，人们吃的许多植物，从草莓到胡萝卜、玉米和土豆，都是通过杂交培育出来的。)”可知，本段主要谈论植物的杂交，表示承接与递进关系，G项“生物，尤其是植物，会在野外自然杂交。”中的especiallyplants与上下文有对应关系，符合语境。故选G。3．C段中题。根据上文“Cross-breeding(杂交)sometimesoccurswhenanimals'normalterritoryoverlaps(部分重叠)．(杂交有时发生在动物的正常领地重叠的时候。)”以及下文“Thegrolarbearisahybridthathappenswhengrizzlyandpolarbearsmate．(北极灰熊是灰熊和北极熊交配后的杂交后代。)”可知，C项“这是由于栖息地破坏或气候变化。”中的That'sdueto指代上文“Cross-breeding(杂交)sometimesoccurs”发生的条件，下文举例说明提及重叠的原因，符合语境。故选C。4．F段中题。根据上文“Ligers(lionandtigerhybrids)areunlikelytooccurinnature,becausetheonlyplacethattheirhabitatsoverlapistheGirForestinIndia．(狮虎(狮子和老虎的混合体)在自然界中不太可能出现，因为它们的栖息地唯一重叠的地方是印度的吉尔森林。)”以及下文“Mixedspeciesaremorelikelytobebornwithhealthissuesthanotheranimals．(与其他动物相比，混合物种出生时更有可能出现健康问题。)”可知，F项“许多环保主义者认为创造杂交物种是一件坏事。”中的abadthing与下文“healthissues”有对应关系，此处是对杂交的消极看法。故选F。5．E段首题。根据段落结构以及下文“‘It'spartoftheevolutionaryprocess，’hesays．Fertilehybridscanleadtothecreationofanewspeciesandincreasethevarietyoflivingthings．(他说：‘这是进化过程的一部分。’可繁殖的杂交可以导致新物种的产生，并增加生物的种类。)”可知，此处是积极的态度和看法，E项“吉米相信自然界中的物种杂交是一件好事。”中的agoodthing与下文的“leadtothecreation”以及“increasethevariety”形成对应关系，符合语境。故选E。B(2023·山东省枣庄市高三二模)ThegradualheatingofEarth'ssurface,oceansandatmosphereisprimarilycausedbyhumanactivity．Weburnfossilfuels,andpumpcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere．Thesegasesactlikeagreenhouse．1Already,theconsequencesofglobalwarmingaremeasurableandvisible．2Lakesaroundtheworldarewarmingrapidly—insomecasesfasterthanthesurroundingenvironment．Animalsarechangingmigrationpatterns,andplantsarebuddingtheirleavesearlierinthespringanddroppingthemlaterinthefall．Oneofthemostimmediateandobviousconsequencesofglobalwarmingistheincreaseintemperaturesaroundtheworld．Theaverageglobaltemperaturehasincreasedby0．8℃overthepast100years,accordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration．3Thatyear,Earth'ssurfacetemperaturewas0．99℃warmerthantheaverageacrosstheentire20thcentury．4Wehavemoreunpredictableextremeweather．Theseextremescomeindifferentflavors．Oneeffectcanbecolderthannormalwinters．ChangesinclimatecancausetheboundarybetweenthecoldNorthPoleairandthewarmequatorialairtomigratesouth．5Thisiswhysomeareascanhaveasuddencoldsnaporcolderthannormalwinter,evenduringthelongtermtrendofglobalwarming．A．Thatwillbringwithitcold,Arcticair．B．Theytrapinheatandcauseglobalwarming．C．Animmediateconsequenceisfreezingweather．D．OurEarthisheatingup,andheatingupquickly．E．Iceismeltinginbothpolaricecapsandmountainglaciers．F．Since1895,thehottestyearonrecordworldwidewas2016．G．Asglobalaveragetemperaturesgoup,weatherpatternsarechanging．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球变暖给人类带来如温度上升和极端天气等一系列的难以预料的结果。1．B段尾题。上文“Thesegasesactlikeagreenhouse．(这些气体就像是一座温室。)”说明这些气体和温室的作用相似，B项“它们困住热量并且导致全球变暖。”正是对温室作用的解释说明，是对上文内容的承接。故选B。2．E段中题。上文“Already,theconsequencesofglobalwarmingaremeasurableandvisible．(全球变暖的结果已经是可测量和可见的。)”说明下文要介绍全球变暖产生的后果，E项“极地冰盖和山地冰川的冰都在融化。”就是对全球变暖的结果的举例说明。故选E。3．F段中题。下文“Thatyear,Earth'ssurfacetemperaturewas0．99℃warmerthantheaverageacrosstheentire20thcentury．(那一年，地球表面温度比整个二十世纪的平均值高出0．99℃。)”中的Thatyear指代的是F项“自1895年以来，全球有记录以来最热的年份是2016年。”中的2016，下文解释了2016年成为自1895年以来最热一年的原因。故选F。4．G段首题。下文“Wehavemoreunpredictableextremeweather．(我们有更多难以预测的极端天气。)”说明极端天气的出现是我们始料未及的，G项“随着全球平均气温的上升，天气模式正在发生改变。”是为了引出下文，说明天气模式的改变是向极端天气转变。故选G。5．A段中题。下文“Thisiswhysomeareascanhaveasuddencoldsnaporcolderthannormalwinter,evenduringthelongtermtrendofglobalwarming．(这就是为什么一些区域即使在全球变暖的长期趋势下，也会有突然的寒流或比正常冬天更冷的原因。)”和A项“那将会带来寒冷的北极空气。”构成因果关系，是对北极空气带来的结果的解释说明。故选A。C(2023·福建省三明市高中毕业班三模)Themeaningofhappinessis,toanextent,subjective．Butexpertswesurveyedemphasizethesamecocktailofingredients:asenseofcontrolandindependence,beingguidedbymeaningandpurpose,andconnectingwithothers．1Spendingtimewithfamilyoutsideofthehouse,andwithfriendsinanon-professionalsetting,arestronglyrecommended．Themajoritydobothatleastonceaweek．2JohnZelenski,apsychologyprofessoratCarletonUniversity,describessocialrelationshipsasthechiefbuildingblocksofhappiness．“Weallbenefitfromclosefriendshipsandageneralsenseofrespectandbelonginginacommunity，”hesays．Mentalwell-beinghaslongbeenlinkedtosufficientsleep,andourrespondentsprioritizegettingatleastsevenhoursanight．3Respondentssaytheyfititinthreetosixtimesweekly．4Morethanhalfoftheexpertsreportdoingsoatleastthreetimesaweek．EmilianaSimon-Thomas,sciencedirectorattheUniversityofCalifornia,notesthatwhenshe'sstressed,shetakesawalkandmarvelsatflowers,plants,birds,insects．Shealsocountsbreathingexercises,readingpoetry,andwatchingstand-upcomedyamonghergo-tocopingstrategiesonbaddays．Otherexpertsovercomeunhelpfulthoughts,anxieties,andstressorsbyrevisitingfavoritebooks,listeningtosongs,orjournaling．JennLimremindsherselftostaycuriousandbegentleonherself．“Ifit'swithinmycontrol,thenIcanactbetteronit，”shesays．5Beinghappyis,afterall,auniversalandancientpursuit．Takecomfortintheknowledgethatevenexpertsfindittobeaconcepthardtodefineattimes．A．Andifit'swithout,sheknowstoletitgo．B．Someattachimportancetootherentertainments．C．Manygathersociallythreetofourtimesaweek．D．Exercisingorplayingsportsisanothersharedhabit．E．Mostrespondentssetspacefortheseintereststwiceaweek．F．Andtheylargelyagreehappinesscanbemeasuredandtaught．G．Anadditionalkeytounlockinghappinessmightbenearingnature．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了能让人们幸福的一些事情。1．F段尾题。上文“Butexpertswesurveyedemphasizethesamecocktailofingredients:asenseofcontrolandindependence,beingguidedbymeaningandpurpose,andconnectingwithothers．(但是我们调查的专家强调同样的组合要素：控制感和独立感，受意义和目标的指引，以及与他人的联系。)”指出专家对幸福的看法，空处承接上文，继续描述专家对幸福的看法，F项“他们基本上同意幸福是可以衡量和教导的。”符合，其中“They”代指上文提到的experts。故选F。2．C段中题。上文“Spendingtimewithfamilyoutsideofthehouse,andwithfriendsinanon-professionalsetting,arestronglyrecommended．Themajoritydobothatleastonceaweek．(我们强烈建议与家人待在屋外，与朋友在非专业的环境下相处。大多数人每周至少做一次这两件事。)”提到我们要与家人、朋友相处，空处承接上文，C项“许多人一周聚会三到四次。”与上文“Themajoritydobothatleastonceaweek．”为并列关系，列举了人们这样做的次数。故选C。3．D段中题。上文“Mentalwell-beinghaslongbeenlinkedtosufficientsleep,andourrespondentsprioritizegettingatleastsevenhoursanight．(长期以来，心理健康一直与充足的睡眠联系在一起，我们的受访者优先考虑每晚至少睡7个小时。)”提到受访者都有一个共同的习惯就是充足的睡眠，D项“锻炼或运动是另一个共同的习惯。”指出受访者其他的习惯，即锻炼或运动，下文“Respondentssaytheyfititinthreetosixtimesweekly．(受访者表示，他们每周会安排三到六次。)”进一步解释了他们锻炼或运动的频次，it代指选项中的“Exercisingorplayingsports”。故选D。4．G段首题。下文“Morethanhalfoftheexpertsreportdoingsoatleastthreetimesaweek．EmilianaSimon-Thomas,sciencedirectorattheUniversityofCalifornia,notesthatwhenshe'sstressed,shetakesawalkandmarvelsatflowers,plants,birds,insects．(超过一半的专家报告说，他们每周至少会这样做三次。加利福尼亚大学的科学主任EmilianaSimon-Thomas指出，当她感到压力时，她会散散步，惊叹于花卉、植物、鸟类和昆虫。)”指出接近自然能让人们感到幸福，G项“开启幸福的另一个关键可能是接近自然。”能概括本段内容。故选G。5．A段尾题。上文“JennLimremindsherselftostaycuriousandbegentleonherself．‘Ifit'swithinmycontrol,thenIcanactbetteronit，’shesays．(JennLim提醒自己要保持好奇心，对自己要温柔。‘如果它在我的控制范围之内，那么我可以做得更好，’她说。)”可知，JennLim认为如果好奇心在自己的控制范围之内，那么她可以做得更好，空处承接上文，对此进行继续描述，A项“如果没有，她知道该放手。”假设好奇心不在自己的控制范围内，该如何做。故选A。D(2023·广东省佛山市高三一模)CampingTips&TricksforaFunTripManypeopleidealizecampingtripsasbeingthiseasy,effortlessencounterwithdestinationsrichwithnaturallandscapesandnightsunderthestarstwinklingintheskyabove．1That'swhywe'vepreparedthebestcampingtipsforyou!Planaccordingly,andthenplanagain．Whenyou'reoutinthemiddleofnowhere,youhavetobeequippedtonature'schallenges．2Therefore,aplanforunexpectedweatherchangesisessentialtoasuccessfulcampingtrip．Forexample,considerpackingextrasupplierslikeblankets．Whilethatmightseemlikeahugeinconvenience,thebiggestandrealissueoccurswhenyouneedsomethingyoudon'thave．Knowwhatyouneed．3Notallbeginnercamperswillneedthetop-of-the-line,latestsupplies．Butyoushouldhaveatleastthebasics!Thatincludesadecenttentwithenoughroomforpeoplecampingwithyou,agoodsleepingbagappropriatefortheseason,andothersupplieslikefoodandwater．You'dbettercreateaconvenientchecklistthatlaysouteverythingthatyoushouldconsider．4Whenyou'refarawayfromthemajorconvenienceswerelyuponlikeanurgentcarecenter,policestations,andemergencyrooms,youshouldalwaysrememberthatsafetyisyourfirstpriority!5Afirstaidkitisagreatstartingpoint,butit'scertainlynottheendofmaximizingyoursafetyefforts．Dependingonwhereyouplantocamp,you'llwanttograbtheseitemsthatcoveryouinmostemergencysituations:apocketknife,afirestarter,andasafetywhistle．Readytogocamping?Nowyouknowwhattoexpectandhowtoprepareforyournextcampingtrip,soyouactuallyhavefun—rainorshine!A．Alwayschooseasafecampsite．B．Neverleavehomewithoutsafetyinmind．C．Weencourageyoutocreateasafetysupplykit．D．Campingdoesn'thavetobecomplicatedorexpensive．E．Aclear3-dayforecastcaneasilyshiftintoasuddenheavyrain．F．Tomaximizeyourcomfort,alwaysbringappropriateclothesforcoldandrain．G．Butforbeginnercampers,thoseexpectationscanrapidlyturnintoamessofreality．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几条露营小技巧：做好相应地计划A，然后还需要B计划以应对变化的自然；按需准备露营物资；永远考虑安全，应急安全包很重要。1．G段中题。下文“That'swhywe'vepreparedthebestcampingtipsforyou！(这就是为什么我们为您准备了最好的露营小贴士！)”讲述的是结果：准备露营小贴士。因此，设空句应是讲述这样做的原因，呼应why。选项G“Butforbeginnercampers,thoseexpectationscanrapidlyturnintoamessofreality．(但对于初学露营的人来说，这些期望很快就会变成现实的混乱。)”解释了原因，且在句意上与上文构成转折关系，前后衔接紧密。故选G。2．E段中题。上文“Whenyou'reoutinthemiddleofnowhere,youhavetobeequippedtonature'schallenges．(当你身处偏僻之地时，你必须准备好迎接大自然的挑战。)”提到了自然的挑战，下文“Therefore,aplanforunexpectedweatherchangesisessentialtoasuccessfulcampingtrip．(因此，应对意外天气变化的计划对于成功的露营旅行至关重要。)”提到了不可预料的天气变化，因此，设空句应同样涉及天气话题，以与上下文衔接。选项E“Aclear3-dayforecastcaneasilyshiftintoasuddenheavyrain．(一个晴朗的3天预报很容易转变为突然的大雨。)”符合题意，承上启下。故选E。3．D段中题。根据主旨句“Knowwhatyouneed．(知道你需要什么。)”可知，该段讲述的是对于露营物资方面的准备，且下文“Notallbeginnercamperswillneedthetop-of-the-line,latestsupplies．Butyoushouldhaveatleastthebasics！(并非所有初学露营者都需要顶级的最新用品。但你至少应该有