2022届高三英语阅读新编训练之说明文（含答案及部分解析）

2022高三英语阅读专题训练之说明文

（A）

Thethird-generationhybridricewhichwasdevelopedbyYuanLongping,the“fatherof

hybridrice",andhisteamranitsfirstpublicyieldmonitoringfromMondaytoTuesdayand

achievedhighoutput.Thefinalyieldofthetestedvariety,G3-1S/P19,cameto1046.3kgpermu

（about667squaremeters）,basedontwopiecesoflandinQingzhuVillageunderthecityof

HengyangincentralChina'sHunanProvince.

“Someprevioushigh-yieldinghybridricevarietiesinChinatook160toeven180daysfrom

sowingtoharvesting,whilethefigurewasshortenedtoaround125daysforthenewvariety.This

isoneofthemostimportantfeaturesofthethird-generationhybridricethatcanreducetheuseof

pesticides（X虫剂）andfertilizers,thusreducingcostandimprovingproductionefficiency."said

QianQian,thedeputydirectoroftheChinaNationalRiceResearchInstitute.

Unliketheprevioustwogenerationsthatrequiredalargeamountofwaterandfertilizersas

wellasdemandinggrowingconditionsandtechnologicalsupport,thethird-generationhybridrice

iseasiertobecultivated（种植）byordinaryfarmers.Sothesoil,altitudeandclimateofthetestsite

werenot"idealconditions1'carefullyselectedbeforehandbutwereclosetothepaddies（稻田）of

ordinaryfarmers.

Nowadays.China'saverageyieldofriceisabout500kgpermu.Ordinaryfarmerscan

produce600kgto700kgofricepermubygrowingsomeexcellentsecond-generationhybridrice

varieties.However,underthesameplantingconditionsandenvironment,theyieldofthe

third-generationhybridricecouldreach800kgpermu.Chinanowfeedsaround20percentofthe

world'spopulationwithlessthan9percentoftheworld'sarable（可耕种的）land.

Atpresent,Yuan*steamhasninethird-generationhybridricecombinationsundertrial,which

areexpectedtoachievecommercialseedproductioninthefollowingthreetofouryearsandhope

toapplythetechnologyintotheresearchofsearice.Thethird-generationhybridricehasthe

comprehensivestrengthtopromoteagreenerandmoresustainabledevelopmentofChina*srice

productionwithhigherqualityandyield.

1.WhatfeatureofthenewhybridricedoesQianQianmainlytalkabout?

A.Itsavesalotmorewater.B.Ithasashortergrowingperiod.

C.Itsavesmuchmorefarmland.D.Itachievesahigheryield.

2.Whyisthenewhybridricenottestedinidealareas?

A.Theordinaryfarmersmasterplantingtechnology.

B.Theresearcherswanttoreducetheexperimentcost.

C.Thegrowingconditionsthenewhybridriceneedsaresimple.

D.Thepreviousricefarmingprovidesresearcherswithexperience.

3.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thehighoutputofthethird-generationhybridrice.

B.Thefutureofthenewhybridricevariety.

C.Theadvancedtechnologyoftheresearchonhybridrice.

D.Thedifferencesbetweenthethreehybridricevarieties.

4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Anewsreport.B.Aguidebook.

C.Anadvertisement.D.Afashionmagazine.

（B）

ThesnowinAntarcticaisturninggreenandscientistssayclimatechangemaybetoblame.

AccordingtoastudyattheCambridgeUniversity,microscopicalgaeblooms（藻类爆发）acrossthe

surfaceofthesnowisslowlyturningAntarctica'swinterwhitelandscapegreen.Although

microscopic,scientistssaythey5reabletoseethe“greensnow“fromspacewhenthealgaeblooms

alltogether.

Researcherscreatedalarge-scalemapofgreensnowalgaealongtheAntarcticcoastusinga

combinationofsatellitedataandon-the-groundobservationsoverthecourseoftwosummers.The

studyfoundthatthegreensnowalgaebloomedinwarmerareaswheretheaveragetemperaturesare

justabove0℃duringthesouthernhemisphere's（半球的）summermonthsfromNovemberto

February.

“AsAntarcticawarms,wepredicttheoverallmassofsnowalgaewillincrease,“saidDr

AndrewGray,leadauthorofthepaper,andaresearcher.Researcherssaylargerbloomsofalgaecan

befoundnorthoftheAntarcticandSouthShetlandIslands,whereitcanspreadtohighergroundas

thesnowmelts.

Theteamalsodiscoveredsomeseabirdsandmammalsinfluencedthedistributionofalgae.

Over60%ofalgaebloomswerefoundwithinthreemilesofapenguinsettlement.Scientists

hypothesizethismaybeduetotheirdroppingswhichactasa“highlynutritiousfertilizer.^^

“Thisisasignificantadvanceinourunderstandingofland-basedlifeonAntarctica,andhowit

mightchangeinthecomingyearsastheclimatewarms,“saidDr.MattDaveyintheUniversityof

Cambridge'sDepartmentofPlantSciences,wholedthestudy.

l.WhatisturningtheAntarcticsnowgreen?

A.Themeltingofsnow.B.Thebloomingalgae.

C.Thebeautifullandscape.D.Thebalancedtemperature.

2.WhereismicroscopicalgaemostlikelytobloominAntarctica?

A.NorthoftheAntarctic.B.WestoftheSouthPole.

C.SouthoftheAntarctic.D.Aroundthesouthernhemisphere.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hypothesize“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Confirm.B.Support.C.Assume.D.Warn.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Penguinsfeedonmicroscopicalgae.

B.Antarcticalgaegrowunderthesnow.

C.Groundobservationlastedforfourmonths.

D.Animaldroppingscontributetothealgaeblooms.

(C)

ItisgenerallysuppedthattheEnglishRomanticMovementbeganin1798.Howeveritisnot

asuddenoutbreakbuttheresultoflongandgradualgrowthanddevelopment.TheRo-manticism

isaliterarymovementwhichtookplaceinBritainandthroughoutEuropebetween1770and1848.

Politically,uwasinspiredbytherevolutionsinAmericaandFrance.Emo-tionally,itexpressedan

extremeclaimoftheselfandthevalueoftheindividualexperienceto-getherwiththesenseofthe

limitlessandthetranscendental(超验的).InBritain,Romanticwritersofthefirstgeneration

includedWordsworthandColeridge,BlakeandBurns.Thesec-ondgenerationofBritish

Romantics-Byron,ShelleyandKeatsabsorbedtheseinfluences,wrotequickly,travelledwidely

andtheirlifestoriesandlettersbecamealmostasimportantforRomanticismastheirpoetry.

Romanticismdoesnotmeanonethingoronecharacteristic.Itis,infact,acollectivetermto

meancertaincharacteristics?suchasmysticism,humanism,supernaturalism?loveofbeauty,love

ofnature,loveofequality.Thechiefcharacteristicsofromanticpoetryareasthefollowing：

Subjectivity：Allromanticliteratureissubjective.Itisanexpressionoftheinnerurgesof

thesouloftheartistThepoetgivesfreeexpressiontohisfeelings,emotions,experiences,

thoughtsandideasand.doesnotcareforrulesandregulations.Theemphasisislaidoninspiration

andintuition（直觉）.

LoveofNature:Enthusiasmforthebeautiesoftheexternalworldcharacterizesallromantic

poetry.Romanticpoetrycarriesusawayfromtheuncomfortableatmosphereofcitiesintothe

freshcompanyoftheoutdoorworld.Allpoetswereloversofnatureandlookedatthebeautiful

aspectsofnature.Tothem,naturewasafriend,alover,amother,sisterandateacher.

ImaginationandEmotion：Theromanticpoetslaidemphasisonimaginationandemotion.

TheWordsworth'sromanticpoemIWanderedLonelyasaClouddealswithsubjectsofcreative

imagination,childhoodmemories,beautyofnature,theroleofnatureasaguidingspirit.

1.WhatcanweknowabouttheEnglishRomanticMovement?

A.Itemphasizedthevalueofpolicies.

B.Itoriginatedattheendof18thcentury.

C.ItwasaffectedbytheRussianrevolution.

D.Itwascausedbysuddengrowthanddevelopment.

2.WhatdoesRomanticismshow?

A.Ithidestheinnerdesiresofpoets.

B.Itfocusesoninspirationandreality.

C.Itiscontrolledbyrulesandregulations.

D.Itisaterminvolvingsomecertainfeatures.

3.Whatdoesromanticpoetryplayarolein?

A.Makingusalwaysbeenthusiastic.

B.Showingusanotherwaytoreadnovels.

C.Keepingusenjoyingthecompanyofnature.

D.Askingustorespectcityatmosphere.

4.HowdoestheauthorexplainthefeatureofImaginationandEmotion?

A.Bygivinganexample.B.Byusingaquotation.

C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Bymakingacomparison.

（D）

Thescientistswhore-engineeredtheplastic-eatingenzyme（酶）PETasehavenowcreateda

newenzymecalled“cocktail”,whichcandigestplasticuptosixtimesfaster.

PETasebreaksdownPETbackintoitsbuildingblocks,creatinganopportunitytorecycle

plasticandreduceplasticpollution.PETisthemostcommonthermoplastic（热塑性塑料）usedto

makesingle-usedrinksbottles,whichtakeshundredsofyearstobreakdowninthe

environment,butPETasecanshortenthistimetodays.Theinitialdiscoverysetuptheprospectof

arevolutioninplasticrecycling,creatingapotentiallow-energysolutiontotackleplasticwaste.

Now,thesametrans-AtlanticteamhavecombinedPETaseandits“partner”，asecond

enzymecalledMHETase,togeneratemuchbiggerimprovements:simplymixingPETasewith

MHETasedoubledthespeedofPETbreakdown,andengineeringaconnectionbetweenthetwo

enzymestocreatea“super-enzyme”,increasedthisactivitybyafurtherthreetimes.

Theteamwasco-ledbythescientistswhoengineeredPETase,ProfessorJohnMcGeehan

andDrGreggBeckham.ProfessorMcGeehansaid:"GreggandIwerechattingabouthowPETase

attacksthesurfaceoftheplasticsandMHETasechopsthingsupfurther,soitseemednaturalto

seeifwecouldusethemtogether.Ourfirstexperimentsshowedthattheydidworkbettertogether,

sowedecidedtophysicallylinkthem.Ittookagreatdealofwork,butitwasworththeeffort一

weweredelightedtoseethatournewenzymeisuptothreetimesfasterthantheseparate

enzymes.^^

TheoriginalPETaseenzymediscoveryindicatedthefirsthopethatasolutiontotheglobal

plasticpollutionproblemmightbewithingrasp,thoughPETasealoneisnotyetfastenoughto

handlethetonsofPETbottles.Combiningitwithasecondenzyme,andfindingtogetherthey

workevenfaster,meansanotherleapforwardhasbeentakentowardsfindingasolutiontoplastic

waste.PETaseandthenewcombinedMHETase-PETasebothworkbydigestingPETplastic.This

allows

forplasticstobemadeandreusedendlessly,reducingourrelianceonfossil（化石）resources.

1.Whatcanwelearnabout“cocktail“fromthetext?

A.Itdoublesthebreakdownofplastics.

B.Ittakeshundredsofyearstobreakdown.

C.Itcontributestobreakingdownplasticquickly.

D.Itdealswiththeplasticwastethreetimesfaster.

2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.AnewstudyofPET.B.ThebreakdownofPET.

C.ThediscoveryofPETase.D.ThefunctionsofPETase.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It"inParagraph4referto?

A.Co-leadingthetrans-Atlanticteam.B.CombiningPETaseandMHETase.

C.Attackingthesurfaceoftheplastics.D.Talkingaboutconductingexperiments.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.PETpollutionisnolongeradifficultproblemtodealwith.

B.Newenzymeisspeedingupourrelianceonfossilresources.

C.MHETase-PETasemakestheworldfreefromplasticpollution.

D.Plastic-eatingenzyme“cocktail”promisesnewhopeforplasticwaste.

(E)

InanewblogpostfortheInternationalMonetaryFund,fourresearcherspresentedtheir

findingsfromaworkingpaperthatexaminesthecurrentrelationshipbetweenfinanceandtechas

wellasitspotentialfuture.

Gazingintotheircrystalball,theresearchersseethepossibilityofusingthedatafromyour

browsing,search,andpurchasehistorytocreateamoreaccuratemechanismfordeterminingthe

creditratingofanindividualorbusiness.Theybelievethatthisapproachcouldresultingreater

lendingtoborrowerswhowouldpotentiallybedeniedbytraditionalfinancialinstitutions.

Atitsheart,thepaperistryingtowrestlewiththedawningnotionthattheinstitutionalbanking

systemisfacingaseriousthreatfromtechcompanieslikeGoogle,Facebook,andApple.The

researchersidentifytwokeyareasinwhichthisistrue:Techcompanieshavegreateraccessto

soft-information,andmessagingplatformscantaketheplaceofthephysicallocationsthatbanks

relyonformeetingwithcustomers.

Theconceptofusingyourwebhistorytoinformcreditratingsisframedaroundthenotionthat

lendersrelyonhard-datathatmighthidetheworthinessofaborrowerorpaintanunnecessarilybad

pictureduringhardtimes.Citingsoft-datapointslike"thetypeofbrowserandhardwareusedto

accesstheinternet,thehistoryofonlinesearchesandpurchases"thatcouldbeincludedin

evaluatingaborrower,theresearchersbelievethatwhenalenderhasacloserrelationshipwiththe

potentialclientshistory,theymightbemorewillingtocutthemsomeslack.

“Bankstendtocushioncredittermsfortheirlong-termcustomersduringdownturns,"the

paper'sauthorswrite.Thisisbecausetheyhaveahistoryandrelationshipwiththecustomer.

Theresearchersacknowledgethattherewillbeprivacyandpolicyconcernsrelatedto

includingthiskindofsoft-dataincreditanalysis.Gettingthesoft-datapointswouldprobably

requirecompanieslikeFacebookandAppletoloosenuptheirstandardsonlinkingunencrypted

informationwithindividualaccounts.Howtheymightshareinformationwithotherinstitutions

wouldbeitsowncanofworms.

1.Whatistheapproachputforwardbytheresearchers?

A.Replacingbankswithsoftinformation.

B.Lendingmoneybypredictingthefuture.

C.Determiningcreditratingsbywebhistory.

D.Facingthethreatposedbyhigh-techcompanies.

2.Whydotheyadvocatethenewwayofratingtheborrower'scredit?

A.Traditionalfinancerefusetolendmoney.

B.Thenewapproachhelpsreduceburdenonbanks.

C.Thetypeofhardwaremisleadsthelender'sjudgement.

D.Softinformationbetterreflectsthetruththanharddata.

3.WhichistheclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedphraseinParagraph4?

A.Belessstrict.B.Shareinterests.

C.Forgiveothers,fault.D.Cutapieceofbread.

4.Whatdotheresearchersworryabout?

A.Bankswillbreakupwithcustomers.

B.Hightechcompanieswillbeinamess.

C.Sharinginformationmaycauseproblemsofprivacy.

D.Competitionbetweentechcompanieswillbemorefierce.

(F)

Atyournextmeeting,waitforapauseinconversationandtrytomeasurehowlongitlasts.

AmongEnglishspeakers,chancesarethatitwillbeasecondortwoatmost.Butwhilethis

patternmaybeuniversal,ourawarenessofsilencediffersdramaticallyacrosscultures.

Whatonecultureconsidersaconfusingorawkwardpausemaybeseenbyothersasavaluable

momentofreflectionandsignofrespectforwhatthelastspeakerhassaid.ResearchinDutchand

alsoinEnglishfoundthatwhenasilenceinconversationstretchestofourseconds,peoplestartto

feeluneasy.Incontrast,aseparatestudyofbusinessmeetingsfoundthatJapanesepeoplearehappy

withsilencesof8.2seconds—nearlytwiceaslongasinAmericans5meetings.

InJapan,itisrecognizedthatthebestcommunicationiswhenyoudon'tspeakatall.It's

alreadyafailuretounderstandeachotherbyspeakingbecauseyou'rerepairingthatfailurebyusing

words.

IntheUS,itmayoriginatefromthehistoryofcolonial(殖民地)Americaasacrossroadsof

manydifferentraces.Whenyouhaveacomplexofdifference,it'shardtoestablishcommon

understandingunlessyoutalkandthere'sunderstandablyakindofanxietyunlesspeopleare

verballyengagedtoestablishacommonlife.ThisappliesalsotosomeextenttoLondon.

Incontrast,whenthere'smorehomogeneity,perhapsit'seasierforsomekindsofsilenceto

appear.Forexample,amongyourclosestfriendsandfamilyit'seasiertositinsilencethanwith

peopleyou'relesswellacquaintedwith.

1.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemighthavethelongestsilenceinconversation?

A.TheDutch.B.Americans.

C.TheEnglish.D.TheJapanese.

2.WhatmighttheJapaneseagreewithinaconversation?

A.Speakingmoregivestheupperhand.

B.Speakoutwhatyouhaveinyourmind.

C.Greatmindsthinkalikewithoutwords.

D.Theshortertalkingsilence,thebetter.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Afoursecondsilenceinconversationisuniversal.

B.It'shardforAmericanstoreachacommonagreement.

C.EnglishspeakersaremoretalkativethanJapanesespeakers.

D.Thecloserweandourfamilyare,theeasierthesilenceappears.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“homogeneity"inthelastparagraphmean?

ASimilarity.B.Contradiction.

C.Diversity.D.Misunderstanding.

参考答案

A.BCAA

B.BACD

C.BDCA

D.CDBD

E.1:根据第二段“theresearchersseethepossibilityofusingthedatafromyourbrowsing,

search,andpurchasehistorytocreateamoreaccuratemechanismfordeterminingthe

creditratingofanindividualorbusiness.Theybelievethatthisapproachcouldresultin

greaterlendingtoborrowerswhowouldpotentiallybedeniedbytraditionalfinancial

institutions.（研究人员看到了利用你的浏览、搜索和购买历史数据来创建一个更准确的

机制来确定个人或企业的信用评级的可能性。他们认为，这种做法可能导致向借款人

发放更多贷款，而传统金融机构可能拒绝向借款人发放贷款）”可知，研究人员提出的

方法是通过网络历史决定信用评级。故选C。

2:根据第三段中"Theresearchersidentifytwokeyareasinwhichthisistrue:Tech

companieshavegreateraccesstosoft-information,andmessagingplatformscantake

theplaceofthephysicallocationsthatbanksrelyonformeetingwithcustomers.（研究

人员发现，在两个关键领域这一观点是正确的：科技公司拥有更多获取软信息的渠

道，即时通讯平台可以取代银行与客户会面所依赖的实体地点）”以及第四段中

“Theconceptofusingyourwebhistorytoinformcreditratingsisframedaroundthe

notionthatlendersrelyonhard-datathatmighthidetheworthinessofaborroweror

paintanunnecessarilybadpictureduringhardtimes.（利用你的网络历史记录来提供

信用评级的概念，是围绕着这样一个概念：贷方依赖可能隐藏借款人价值或在困难

时期描绘出不必要的糟糕图景的硬数据）”可知，他们提倡用新的方法来评定借款人

的信用，是因为软数据比硬数据更能反映事实。故选D。

3:根据倒数第二段"''Bankstendtocushioncredittermsfortheirlong-term

customersduringdownturns/*thepaper'sauthorswrite.Thisisbecausetheyhavea

historyandrelationshipwiththecustomer.（论文作者写道：“在经济低迷时期，银行倾

向于为长期客户缓冲信贷条款。”这是因为他们有与客户的历史和关系）”以及画线

词上文“Citingsoft-datapointslike"thetypeofbrowserandhardwareusedtoaccess

theinternet,thehistoryofonlinesearchesandpurchases**thatcouldbeincludedin

evaluatingaborrower,theresearchersbelievethatwhenalenderhasacloser

relationshipwiththepotentialclienfshistory,theymightbemorewillingto”（引用软

数据点像“浏览器和硬件的类型用于访问互联网，在线搜索和购买”的历史，可以包

括在评估借款人,研究人员认为,当一个银行有一个更