2021新高考英语一轮复习课时作业32选修7Robots

课时作业32RobotsⅠ.阅读理解AIrememberwatchingmyfirstrental(租赁的)moviewhenIwasakid.MyauntownedavideostoreandweborrowedaVHScopyofPoltergeist.In2004,Iwas33yearsold,livinginBendandlookingforapart­timejobtohelpsupportourfamily.Mybestfriend,Mary,asaleswomanattheBlockbuster,suggestedImightlikeworkingwithherattheBlockbuster,andI'vebeenhereeversince.Backthen,therewerefiveBlockbustersinBendalone.Themovie­rentalbusinesswasatitspeak(顶点):wewerestillstoringVHStapesbutDVDswerealsoingin,andbothweredoingwell.WhenitbecameclearthatDVDwasgoingtosupersedeVHS,Igotveryexcitedbecausethosecassettesweresobigandheavy.Ioftendroppedthemonmyfeet.Eventhen,IneverdreamedIwouldendupmanagingthelaststoreintown.Forme,thebestthingaboutthisjobisthepeople.Ilovechattingtocustomersandhearingtheiropinionsonmovies.NowI'mthemanager,however.Ihaveallkindsofotherresponsibilities,likehandlingmountainsofpaperwork.I'mabitlikeanoldpolicemaninamoviewhohatesthedeskjobandlongstogobacktothebeat(巡逻区域).Ihatebeingthemanager.Thefinalstoreclosureshappenedsofast.Attheendof2017,thereweresevenBlockbustersleftintheUS,butbyearly2019therewasonlyourstoreandoneotherstoreinAustralia,intheworld.SinceMarchwhenonlyourstoreremained,thingshavebeencrazy.Thelocalmunityhasbeensurprisinglysupportive,andpeoplehaveefromallovertheworldtorentmovies:we'resetupcloseto5,000newmemberships.Mostofthemareregulars.I'llbesadtoseetheendofvideostores.Wehaveseveralyearsleftonourlease(租期)and,aslongaswecancontinuetopayourstaff,we'llstayopen.Beingthelaststorehasgiventhebusinessapushandwe'resellingBlockbustersouvenirs.I'vewatchedenoughmoviestorealizethere'sanendtoeverything,buthopefullytheendingofthisstoryisalongwayoff.本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，介绍了作者对影片租赁的商店Blockbuster的挚爱。1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheBlockbuster?A．Itwasquitepopularinthepast.B．ItwasmainlyfoundinAmerica.C．Itprovidedmanypart­timejobsforkids.D．Itofferedworkershighsalaries.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的Mybestfriend...andbothweredoingwell.可知，影片租赁商店Blockbuster在过去很受人们的欢迎。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“supersede”inParagraph3probablymean?A．bine. B．Substitute.C．Copy. D．Represent.答案：B解析：词义猜测题。通读第三段的Igotveryexcitedbecause...onmyfeet.可知，DVD将取代VHS。3．WhydoestheauthorsaythingshavebeencrazysinceMarch?A．BecausefewpeoplewanttoworkinBlockbusters.B．BecausemanyBlockbustershavebrokendown.C．BecauseVHStapesandDVDsbecamehardtobuy.D．Becausetheirstorebecamepopularunexpectedly.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的SinceMarchwhenonly...havebeencrazy.可知，是因为作者发现许多人前来支持她们的商店。BInfluenza(moremonlycalledflu)caneasilyspreadaspeoplemoveabout,makingtrackingandforecastingfluactivityachallenge.WhiletheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)continuouslymonitorspatientvisitsforflu­likeillnessintheUS,thisinformationcanlag(落后)uptotwoweeksbehindrealtime,makingitunabletoofferaccurateprediction.AnewstudyatBostonChildren'sHospital,binestwoforecastingmethodswithmachinelearningtoestimate(估计)localfluactivity.ItsresultsarepublishedtodayinNaturemunications.TheARGONetapproachusesmachinelearningandtwofludetectionmodels.Thefirstmodel,ARGO,usesinformationfromelectronichealthrecords,flu­relatedGooglesearchesandhistoricalfluactivityinagivenlocation.Inthestudy,ARGOalonedidbetterthanGoogleFluTrends,thepreviousforecastingsystemthathadwonmuchfameinpredictingflusinceitoperatedin2008.Toimproveaccuracy,ARGONetaddsasecondmodel,whichdrawsonspatial­temporal(时空的)patternsoffluspreadinneighboringareas.“Itemploysthefactthatthepresenceoffluinnearbylocationsmayincreasetheriskofexperiencingadiseaseoutbreakatagivenlocation，”explainsSantillana,anassistantprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Themachinelearningsystemwasthenfedwithflupredictionsfrombothmodelsaswellasactualfludata,helpingtoreduceerrorsinthepredictions.“Thesystemcontinuouslyevaluatesthepredictivepowerofeachindependentmethodandadjustshowtheinformationshouldbeusedtoproduceimprovedfluestimates，”saysSantillana.Theinvestigatorsbelievetheirapproachwillsetafoundationforaccuratepublichealthininfectiousdiseases.“Ibelieveourmodelswillsurelybeemoreaccurateovertimeasmoreonlinesearchdataarecollectedandasmorehealthcareprovidersoffercloud­basedelectronichealthrecords，”saysFredLu,aninvestigatorandfirstauthoronthepaper.本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的流感预报系统。4．WhydoestheCDChaveinaccurateforecastsofflu?A．Ithaspostponedresearchdata.B．Itfailstousecurrenttechnology.C．Ithasalimitedrangeofresearch.D．Itfindsithardtotrackfluactivity.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的．..thisinformationcanlaguptotwoweeksbehindrealtime...可知，因为疾控中心获取的流感数据有延迟，所以预报的流感也并不准确。5．Whatmightbethetheoreticalbasisofthesecondmodel?A．Everythingchangeswiththeflowoftime.B．It'simportanttoadapttotheenvironment.C．Onecansucceedbyfocusingononethingatime.D．Surroundingenvironmentscanhaveabiginfluence.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的．..thepresenceoffluinnearbylocationsmayincreasetheriskofexperiencingadiseaseoutbreakatagivenlocation可知，周边的环境对当地的流感有很大影响。6．WhatmightbeFredLu'sattitudetowardARGONet?A．Positive. B．Objective.C．Concerned. D．Indifferent.答案：A解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的Ibelieveourmodelswillsurelybeemoreaccurateovertime...可知，FredLu对新的流感预测系统非常有信心，持积极的态度。Ⅱ.七选五What'sthepurposeofbuildingpatienceabilities?Inaword,happiness.Betterrelationships,moresuccess.Butindeedittakeseffortstobuildthemsuccessfully.__1__Thus,whenthebigonese,wewillhavedevelopedthepatienceweneedforhardtimes.Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.We,humanbeings,arestillconstructedwithouroldreptilian(爬行动物的)brainthatprotectsourphysicalandemotionalsurvival.Ontheemotionalsurvivalside,wewantourwaytogetahead,toachieve,andto“lookgood”.Let'sjustfaceit.__2__Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththeaddictivequalityoftheoppositeofpatience—anger,impatience,blameandshame.Weallhavethem.Andwecangrowbeyondthem.Upgradeourattitudetowardsdisfortandpain.Painhasitspurposesandpushesustofindsolutions—wetrytochangetheotherperson,situationorthingthatwethinkiscausingourdisfort.Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat'sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.__3__Payattentionwhentheimpatienceorpainstarts.Mostofusdon'treallyrealizeitwhenwearefeelingeventhesmallest—butverypresent—painfulfeelings.__4__Buttoreallycareforourselves,getcuriousaboutwhat'sactuallyhappeninginthemomentinsideyou.Focusingonwhat'sactuallyhappening,youcannoticetheworryofnotwantingwhat'shappening,theresistance.__5__Whenyoufindyourselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremindyourselfthatyouaregrowing,andthat,“Sure,thisisunderstandable;thisiswhathappenstomewhenI'mbothered.”Youcansaytoyourself,“It'strue.Idon'tlikethis;thisisunfortable,butIcantolerateit.”A．Practicepositiveself­talk.B．Sothesolutiontopainisaninsidejob.C．Patienceabilitiesbenefityouinmanyways.D．Learntoforgiveyourselfforbeingimpatientinhardtimes.E．Weignorethefactthatwe'reinpainandfocuspletelyonfixingtheproblem.F．Theurgetoprotectourselvesandwhatweconsidervaluableisabsolutelyhabit­forming.G．Effectivewaysareremendedtotrainourselvestoworkwithlittlepainandannoyance.本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。1．G解析：根据空前一句以及空后一句“Thus,whenthebigonese,wewill...hardtimes.”可知，成功地培养耐心需要花费精力，因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力，因此当更大的麻烦来临时，我们将已经有耐心应对困难的时刻。故G项符合语境。2．F解析：根据空后的“Sothefirststep...blameandshame.”可推知，保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动绝对是由习惯养成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。故选F。3．B解析：根据空前一句“Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat'sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.”可知，问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上面，而是出现在我们的思考方式上，因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。故选B。4．E解析：根据空前一句“Mostofusdon'treallyrealizeit...painfulfeelings.”及空后的“getcuriousaboutwhat'sactuallyhappeninginthemomentinsideyou.”可知，我们经常忽略了这样一个事实，即我们处于痛苦之中，而我们的关注的焦点总是全部集中在解决问题上。5．A解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句；通读本段可知，本段主要是说要积极地自我对话，故A项符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空Humansarenaturallygoodatfocusingonspecificvoicesamongthenoise—aphenomenon__1__(know)asthecocktailparty(鸡尾酒会)effect.However,automaticspeechseparationremainstobeabit__2__(challenge)forputers.Nowanewprogramcouldstop__3__(listen)tobackgroundnoiseinvideosinordertohear__4__aparticularpersononscreenissaying.Theprogram—anewArtificialIntelligence(AI)system—__5__(design)byGoogleresearchers.Itcouldusebothaudioandvisualcues(提示),suchasmouthmovements,__6__(separate)soundsfromdifferentspeakersinvideos.ResearcherstestedtheirAIsystemoncocktailparty—likeshortvideosthathadtwoorthreepeopletalkingwitheachother,withvarious__7__(level)ofbackgroundnoise.Bywatchingandlisteningtothevideos,itcoulddistinguishwhichsounds