备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit6Survival外研版选择性必修第二册

Unit6Survival一、阅读理解A[2024贵州六盘水一诊]Foremperorpenguins，seaiceisessentialtosurvival.Theiconicbirds，foundonlyinAntarctica，breed，laytheireggsandraisetheirchicksonvastseaice.TheyarriveattheirbreedingsitesinlateMarch.InMayandJune，theylaytheireggs，whichhatchafter65daysduringtheAntarcticwinter.Thechicksthenremainontheiceuntiltheirfluff（绒毛）downisreplacedbywaterprooffeathers，finallyfledging（变得羽毛丰满）inthesummermonthsofDecemberandJanuary.Lastyear，seaicelevelsinAntarcticawereatanall-timelow—arecordfirstsetin2021.TheBellingshausenSearegion，tothewestoftheAntarcticPeninsula，sawthemostextremereductionofseaice，withsomeareasexperiencinga100％loss.Ofthefiveknownemperorpenguins’habitatsintheBellingshausenSearegion，allbutoneexperiencedwhatwasmostlikelyatotalbreedingfailureduetothelossofseaice，accordingtoapaperpublishedinNatureCommunicationsEarth&Environment.Satelliteimageryclearlyshowedtheseaicehadbrokenupbeforethechickswouldhavedevelopedenoughtosurviveontheirown."Wehaveneverseenemperorpenguinsfailtobreedatthisscaleinasingleseason，"thestudy’sleadauthor，PeterFretwelloftheBritishAntarcticSurvey，saidinastatement."ThelossofseaiceinthisregionduringtheAntarcticsummermadeitveryunlikelythatdisplacedchickswouldsurvive."Thestudyteamalsobelievetheirfindingssupportaprojectionthatifpresentwarmingratescontinue，morethan80％ofemperorpenguins’habitatswilldisappear，meaningtheyhavetoofewindividualstosupportapopulation，by2100.这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了南极洲的海冰减少影响帝企鹅的生存。1.Whenmayemperorpenguins’eggshatch？A.InMay. B.InAugust.C.InNovember. D.InJanuary.解析B细节理解题。由第一段中的"InMayandJune，theylaytheireggs，whichhatchafter65daysduringtheAntarcticwinter"可知，帝企鹅的卵在八月左右孵化，故选B项。2.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs？A.Allemperorpenguinssufferedbreedingfailure.B.Thechickscangrowupbeforetheseaicebreaksup.C.SeaicelevelsinAntarcticareachedthelowestin2022.D.Mostareasexperienceda100％seaicelossinAntarctica.解析C推理判断题。由第二段中的"Lastyear，seaicelevelsinAntarcticawereatanall-timelow—arecordfirstsetin2021"可推理出，南极洲的海冰在2022年达到最低程度，故选C项。3.What’sthefunctionofparagraph4？A.Supportingideas. B.Givingexamples.C.Makingconclusions. D.Servingastransitions.解析A推理判断题。由最后一段"Thestudyteamalsobelievetheirfindingssupportaprojectionthatifpresentwarmingratescontinue，morethan80％ofemperorpenguins’habitatswilldisappear，meaningtheyhavetoofewindividualstosupportapopulation，by2100"可知，研究小组对未来进行了预测：到2100年，超过80％的帝企鹅栖息地将消失，故可推理出最后一段用于支持中心思想——南极洲的海冰减少影响帝企鹅的生存，故选A项。4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext？A.ChicksarebreddifficultlyinAntarctica.B.Emperorpenguinsfailtobreedtheirchicks.C.Seaicelossaffectsemperorpenguins’survival.D.ClimatechangeaffectsseaicelossinAntarctica.解析C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是南极洲的海冰减少影响帝企鹅的生存，故选C项。B[2024广东东莞10月考试]AsongcalledLonelyWarrior（《孤勇者》）isalwaysringinginmyears.Sixyearsago，afterhostinganannualceremonyformyschool，Ifoundthatmyleftlegwasalittleswollen，andverysoonIcouldbarelywalk.Infact，theswollenpartbecameafist-sizedmeatballthatwassopainfulthatIcouldbarelysleep.Ofcourse，Iwenttoalocalhospital，whereIwasgivenverybleak（不乐观的）news—osteosarcoma，whichmeansbonecancer.Iunderwentchemotherapy（化疗）forthenexttwoyears，anditwastheworsttimeofmylife.Physically，Ifeltthatthesideeffectsofchemotherapywerekillingme.Ilostallofthehaironmybodyandbecametotallybald.Icouldbarelyeatanything，evenifIfelthungry.Inolongerneededanalarmclocktowakeupinthemorning.Instead，whatwokemewasmybodytellingmethatIneededtovomit（呕吐）.Ihadnoideawhereallthistreatmentwouldleaveme，andthedreamsIhadoncenursed（怀有）aboutthefuturewereentirelywipedout.Iwantedtofeeltheworldandexperiencemore，soIstucktothecourseoftreatment.Astimewentby，however，Ibecameweakerandweaker.Thesideeffectsnowwerefarworsethantheyhadbeenearlier.Ieventuallysuggestedthatthelegbechoppedoff，andthedoctorsaidthatmightbethebestthingtodo，aslongasIcouldcopewiththepsychologicalandsocialpressuresafterward.Imademydecisionverycalmly，becauseIknewthingscouldnotbeworsethantheywereatthatmoment，andIwasdeterminedthatthiswasjustonemorebattleIwouldwin.Now，sixyearslater，Ihaveweatheredallthesedifficulties.Ihavebeensoluckytobeabletofindthestrengthtodealwithallofthis，andwhatIhavetotellanyonestillstrugglingwithdifficultiesisthis：Havefaithinyourself，anddonotletbadmomentsdragyoudown.Justhangonandyouwillcomethrough.本文主要讲述了作者与骨癌斗争的经历。随着病情的恶化，作者决定顶住心理压力和社会压力，让医生截掉了一条腿。六年过去了，作者经受住了所有的磨难。最后作者鼓励仍在与困难斗争的人要对自己有信心，坚持下去一定会渡过难关。【词语积累】sideeffect副作用copewith处理，应付【长难句解读】Infact，theswollenpartbecameafist-sizedmeatballthatwassopainfulthatthat引导的定语从句，Icouldbarelysleep.其中有个so...that...引导的结果状语从句译文：事实上，肿胀的部分变成了一个拳头大小的肉球，疼得我几乎无法入睡。1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesideeffectsofchemotherapy？A.Theymadetheauthorsufferalot.B.Theydestroyedtheauthor’sfaith.C.Theywererelievedaftertreatment.D.Theyweremoreobviousinthedaytime.解析A推理判断题。由第二段的描述可知，化疗使作者痛苦不堪，作者的头发掉光了，他几乎吃不进任何东西，夜间睡眠也受到了很大影响。由此可推知，化疗的副作用让作者受了很大的苦，故A项正确。2.Whatwastheauthor’sdecisiontodealwithhiscondition？A.Choppingoffhisleg.B.Turningdownthedoctor’sadvice.C.Givingintothecancer.D.Seekingpsychologicalassistance.解析A细节理解题。由第二段、第三段的内容以及第四段首句"Ieventuallysuggestedthatthelegbechoppedoff"可知，针对病情，作者最终提议截肢，故A项正确。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"weathered"inthelastparagraphmean？A.Resisted. B.Survived.C.Escaped. D.Produced.解析B词义猜测题。由最后一段中的"Ihavebeensoluckytobeabletofindthestrengthtodealwithallofthis"可知，作者克服了所有困难。由此可推知，画线词所在句表达的应是六年后作者最终克服了所有困难，渡过了难关，故B项正确。4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext？A.Alightheartliveslong.B.Agoodmedicinetastesbitter.C.Timeworkswonders.D.Onewithfaithbravesanyhardship.解析D推理判断题。由最后一段中的"whatIhavetotellanyonestillstrugglingwithdifficultiesisthis：Havefaithinyourself，anddonotletbadmomentsdragyoudown.Justhangonandyouwillcomethrough"可知，作者在经历了这场疾病之后给出建议：要对自己有信心，不要让糟糕的时刻使自己沮丧，只要坚持下去，最终会挺过去的，故作者在本文中想传达的是有信心的人可以经受任何困难，所以D项正确。二、七选五I’vebeeninadvertisingforeightyearsandworkedalotoflatenightsandweekendsfornumerousprojects.1OnedayIwatchedatalkcalled"Thepoweroftimeoff".It’sabouthoweverysevenyears，thespeakertakesayearofffromworksohecandohisowncreativeprojects.2IdecidedIhadtodothat.Ineedtotaketimetostartmyowncreativeideas.ThefirstprojectendsupbeingsomethingIcall"OneSecondEveryDay".BasicallyIrecordonesecondofeverydayfortherestofmylife，combiningthesemomentsintoonesinglecontinuousvideountilIcan’trecordthemanymore.3There’remanythingsIhavenorecollectionofunlesssomeonebringsthemup，andIthink，"Oh，that’ssomethingIdid."4Onagoodday，I’llhavemaybefoursecondsIwanttochoose.I’lljusthavetonarrowthemdowntoone，butevennarrowingthemdowntothatoneallowsmetoremembertheotherthreeanyway.Idon’tuseanyfilters（滤色镜），justtryingtocatchthemomentasmuchaspossibleasitis.Istartedaruleofthefirstpersonview.Earlyon，IthoughtIshouldhaveacoupleofvideoswherepeoplewouldseeme，butIrealizedthatwasn’tthewaytogo.5Theprojecthasmanypossibilities.Iencourageyoualltorecordjustasmallpieceofyourlifeeveryday，soyoucanneverforgetthatdayandtreasureeverymoment.A.Itinstantlyinspiredme.B.ThepurposeistorememberwhatI’vedone.C.I’malwaysenergeticwhendoingthingsIlove.D.Peoplemighthavedifferentinterpretationsofit.E.It’sdifficult，sometimes，topickthatonesecond.F.ButIneverhadtimeforoneIwantedtoworkononmyown.G.TheessenceofmyprojectshouldberecordingthethingasIactuallyseeit.本文是记叙文。作者从事广告行业8年了，加班熬夜做了无数项目，但他一直没有时间做自己真正想做的个人项目。有一天他受到一个演讲的启发，开始了自己的项目"每天一秒钟"，记录每一天的生活。1.F由上文的"workedalotoflatenightsandweekendsfornumerousprojects"和下文的"Ineedtotaketimetostartmyowncreativeideas"可知，作者在工作中加班熬夜做了无数项目，看到一个演讲后决定开始做属于自己的项目，故空处内容应与没有做过个人想做的项目有关。F项"但我从来没有时间做一个我自己想做的项目"与上文构成转折，选项中的one表示"oneproject"。2.A上文提到作者看到一个演讲，介绍了演讲者每过七年，就花一年时间来做自己的富有创造力的项目，下文讲到作者决定也要这么做，开始自己的富有创造力的想法。A项"它马上启发了我"承上启下。3.B上文提到作者每天录一秒钟的视频，将这些一秒钟的视频拼接成一段连续的视频，直到他无法再录制为止，下文讲到有很多之前做过的事情，作者都想不起来了，故空处内容应仍与作者录制视频有关，且涉及记住过去的事。B项"（这一项目的）目的是帮助我记住做过的事"符合语境。4.E下文讲到在美好的一天里，作者想要多录制三秒钟，他只是把它们压缩到一秒钟，但是即使压缩到了只有一秒钟，也足以让他记住其他三秒钟。E项"有时候选择那一秒钟（的内容）很难"是对下文内容的总结。5.G本段主要介绍作者录制的所有视频都没有使用滤镜，尽可能还原事物本来的样子。他一开始用第一视角拍摄。早先他想过把自己录进视频里，但是后来觉得这不是他想要的。G项"我的项目的本质应该是记录我实际看到的事物的样子"承接上文。三、完形填空[奋斗精神/2023福建4月适应性练习]JoãoCarlosMartinsisafamouspianistandconductor.However，hiscareerhasbeen1andhislifehastakenhiminmanydifferent2.AsateenagerMartinsbegantoperforminconcerts.Butinhislatetwenties，hehadto3afterbadlybreakinghisarm.Itwasreallyaterribletime.Hecouldn’tlookatapianoor4listentomusic.5，hedecidedtobecomethemanagerofaboxer，whowontheworldchampionshiplater.This6Martinstotakeupthepianoandpractisemuchharder.Sixyearslater，hegavehisfirstconcertattheCarnegieHall，whichwasthemost7momentofhislife.Heperformedinconcertsforyearsbeforehehadtoquitbecauseoftheunbearable8inhishandscausedbytoomuch9.Martins，inhisforties，becameapolitician.However，hecouldn’tstandthis10，soonceagain，hewentbacktothepiano.Allwasgoingwelluntilsomethingunexpected11whileleavingaconcert.He12aseriousbraininjuryandlostallthemovementinhisrighthand.Again，withgreat13heplayedjustwithhislefthand.Yearslaterhelosttheuseofthelefthandand14himselfaconductor.Now，inhislateseventies，Martinsisstilltaking15toworkandhasconductedoverathousandconcerts.JoãoCarlosMartins是著名的钢琴家和指挥家，但他一生坎坷。少年时他便登台演出，二十多岁时胳膊受伤，不得不放弃演出。此后，他成了拳击手的职业经纪人，拳击手获得冠军激励他继续弹钢琴。可是过度弹奏使他双手疼痛，不得不放弃音乐。此后他又开始从政……1.A.smooth B.toughC.flexible D.interesting解析B由句中的"However"可知，该句和上句构成转折关系；上句说JoãoCarlosMartins是一位著名的钢琴家和指挥家，结合本句的"hiscareerhasbeen"可以推知，他的职业生涯充满了坎坷，故B项正确，tough表示"艰难的"。2.A.cultures B.formsC.directions D.levels解析C由下文的叙述可知，著名钢琴家和指挥家JoãoCarlosMartins在职业生涯中曾做过拳击手的经纪人和政治家；结合该句中的"takenhiminmanydifferent2"可知，他的职业有不同的方向。direction表示"方向"，故C项正确。3.A.giveup B.setoutC.turnup D.holdout解析A由句中的"afterbadlybreakinghisarm"可知，他的胳膊严重受伤。结合常识可以推断，他不得不放弃音乐演奏，giveup表示"放弃"，故A项正确。4.A.still B.justC.ever D.even解析D由该句的"couldn’tlookatapiano"可知，他不能看钢琴；再结合"or"可知，此处是说他不能看钢琴，甚至不能听音乐。even表示"甚至"，故D项正确。5.A.Generally B.UltimatelyC.Immediately D.Naturally解析B由该句的"decidedtobecomethemanagerofaboxer"，再结合语境可知，他最终决定做一名拳击手的经纪人。ultimately表示"最终"，故B项正确。generally笼统地，大概；immediately立刻；naturally自然地。6.A.forced B.promisedC.motivated D.forbade解析C由上句可知，这位拳击手赢得了世界冠军；结合该句的"takeupthepianoandpractisemuchharder"可知，这激励了他继续更加努力地练习钢琴，motivate表示"激励"，故C项正确。force强迫，promise承诺，forbid禁止。7.A.realistic B.emotionalC.struggling D.striking解析D由该句的"gavehisfirstconcertattheCarnegie