中考英语课件（广东专版）第一部分第四节代　词

2024年中考英语课件广东专版第一部分语法突破第四节代词代词是代替名词的一种词类,大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。新课程标准中,代词考查包括：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。中考命题常设情景干扰,特殊语境中代词的意义和功能,替代词的选择是常考热点。人称代词5年2考,物主代词5年5考,反身代词5年2考,指示代词5年0考,不定代词5年0考,疑问代词5年0考。一、人称代词1.人称代词的基本用法人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式,用法如下：用法例子(1)作主语(用主格)她是个好学生。

isagoodstudent.

(2)作表语(放在系动词之后)—是谁啊？—是我。—Whoisthere？—It’s

.

(3)作宾语(用宾格,放在动词或介词之后)我在超市看到他了。Isaw

inthesupermarket.

Shemehim2.多个代词的排列顺序单数按二、三、一人称(you,heandI)；复数按一、二、三

(we,youandthey)；名词后接人称代词(thebossandshe)。3.代词it的用法(1)代替上文提到的事物或情况。如：Lookupthewordinthedictionaryifitisdifficult.如果这个单词太难,就查词典。(2)用来指天气、时间、距离等。如：Itisrainingoutside.Don’tgoout！

外面正在下雨。不用出去了！ItwashalfpastfivewhenJohngotup.约翰起床时已经五点半了。Itisveryfarfromtheschooltothemarket.从学校到市场的路很远。(3)指不明身份的人。如：Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasegoandseewhoitis.有人在敲门。请去看看是谁。(4)用作形式主语和形式宾语。常用于以下句型：It’s+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.做某事(对某人来说)是……的It’s+adj.+that…

……是……的It’stimetodo/forsth.是(做)某事的时间了Itseemsthat…好像……Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。sb.+find/think/make/feelitadj.+todosth.某人发现/认为/使得/感觉做某事是……的It’sone’sturntodo…轮到某人做……如：①对他来说,搬动箱子很容易。_______________________________tocarrythebox.②该吃午饭了。

___________________________________.③每天早上我花半小时读英语。_____________________________toreadEnglisheverymorning.④我发现学好英语很难。I___________________________tolearnEnglishwell.It’sveryeasyforhimIt’stimeforlunch/It’stimetohavelunchIttakesmehalfanhourfinditdifficult二、物主代词形容词性物主代词相当于形容词作定语,后接名词,不能单独使用；名词性物主代词后不能接名词；当表示强调时,形容词性物主代词可与own连用,表示

“某人自己的”。例如：1.

(她的)rulerislong,but

(他的)isshort.

2.Thegiftsonmydeskarenot

(他们的).

3.Thisis

(我自己的房间).

Herhistheirsmyownroom三、反身代词1.反身代词用来加强语气,表示强调“本人；自己”,在句中位置较灵活。如：Hecookedithimself.=Hehimselfcookedit.他自己做的饭。2.反身代词作宾语,表示主语和宾语是指同一个或同一些人或物。如：Janesawherselfinthemirror.简在镜子中看见了她自己。3.反身代词还可作表语和同位语。如：(1)这个故事里可怜的男孩是我自己。Thepoorboyinthestorywas

.(作表语)

(2)你应该问老师他自己。Youshouldasktheteacher

.(作同位语)

myself

himself4.与反身代词搭配的常用词组有：(1)learnbyoneself(自学)=__________________________

(2)__________________________

(为自己)(3)__________________________

(玩得开心)(4)__________________________(随便吃)(5)__________________________(自己穿衣)(6)__________________________(使某人感到宾至如归)teachoneselfforoneselfenjoyoneselfhelponeself(to)dressoneselfmakeoneselfathome(7)__________________________(苏醒)(8)__________________________(自言自语)(9)___________________________________(照顾自己)(10)__________________________(沉溺于……)(11)__________________________(致力于……)cometooneself

saytooneselflookafteroneself/takecareofoneselfloseoneselfin(doing)…devoteoneselfto…四、指示代词指示代词包括this,that,these,those。具体用法如下：1.this和these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或事物,that和those则指时间或空间上较远的人或事物。如：(1)这个是我的足球,那个是你的足球。

ismyfootball,and

isyourfootball.

(2)这些是我的姐姐们,那些是我的哥哥们。

aremysisters,and

aremybrothers.

Thisthat

Thesethose2.为了避免重复,常用that或those指代前面的讲过的事物(that指代不可数名词或可数名词单数,those指代可数名词复数),而this,these常用来指后面的提到的事物。如：(1)广州的天气比北京好得多。TheweatherofGuangzhouismuchbetterthan

ofBeijing.

(2)我想说的是：英语非常重要。WhatIwanttosayis

：Englishisveryimportant.

thatthis3.打电话时,常用this指代自己,that指代对方。如：我是玛丽,请问你是谁？

isMaryspeaking.Who’s

,please？

Thisthat五、不定代词

不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。几组常用的不定代词比较序号不定代词用法例子1some(1)多用于肯定句,表示“一些；几个”(2)也可以用于疑问句中表示请求,邀请(3)指代或修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数①Wouldyoulike________

coffee？②Haveyougot

__________

tea？③Thereisn’t

orangeinthebottle.④Ifyouhave____________question(s),pleaseaskme.

any(1)多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中,表示“一些；任何”(2)表示“任何”的意思时,可用于肯定句或条件状语从句(3)指代或修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数someanyanyany几组常用的不定代词比较序号不定代词用法例子2many(1)用来指代或修饰可数名词复数(2)可与alotof,lotsof,plentyof换用①

studentsinourclasscomefromFoshan.

②Don’teattoo

junkfood.

much(1)用来指代或修饰不可数名词(2)可与alotof,lotsof,plentyof换用Manymuch几组常用的不定代词比较序号不定代词用法例子3few(1)表示“几乎没有”,表否定(2)指代或修饰可数名词复数①

(很少)ofuscanspeakJapanese.

②Thereareonly

(几个)studentsintheclassroom.

③Thereis

(很少)waterinthebottle,soIhavetofetchsome.

④I’m

(有点)hungry.

afew(1)表示“几个”,表肯定(2)前面由only,just修饰时使用(3)指代或修饰可数名词复数little(1)表示“几乎没有”,表否定(2)指代或修饰不可数名词alittle(1)表示“有一点”,表肯定(2)与only,just连用(3)也可以用作副词,表示“有点；稍微”,相当于kindof,abit的用法(4)指代或修饰不可数名词Fewafewlittlealittle几组常用的不定代词比较序号不定代词用法例子4all(1)表示三者或三者以上“都”(2)用于指代或修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数(3)放在定冠词或形容词性物主代词之前(4)放在系动词、情态动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前①

(所有的)thewaterhasbeenusedup.

②Thestudents

(都喜欢)theircity.

③Therearetalltreeson

(两)sidesofthestreet.

④—Howareyourparents？—They

(都)fine.

⑤

(莉莉和露西都)areinterestedinit.

both(1)表示两者“都”(2)用于指代或修饰可数名词复数(3)both…and…表示“既……又……,两个都”,谓语用复数(4)放在定冠词或形容词性物主代词之前(5)放在系动词/情态动词/助动词之后,行为动词之前AllalllikebotharebothBothLilyandLucy几组常用的不定代词比较序号不定代词用法例子5either(1)指“两者中的任何一个”(2)做主语时,谓语动词用单数(3)主语由either…or…(要么……要么……)连接时,谓语遵从就近原则①—Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee？—

(哪一个)isOK.Idon’tmind.

②

(要么你要么我)amgoingtothemeeting.

③

(两个都不)oftheanswersisright.

④

(我们和她哥哥都不)likesthebook.

neither(1)指“(两者中)一个也不”,属于全部否定(2)做主语时,谓语动词用单数(3)主语由neither…nor…(既不……也不……)连接时,谓语遵从就近原则EitherEitheryouorINeitherNeitherwenorherbrother几组常用的不定代词比较序号不定代词用法例子6each(1)可用于两者或以上中的每一个人或物(2)作代词时,后接of短语(3)作形容词时,后接名词单数①Therearemanytreeson_________

sideoftheroad.

②

ofushasanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.

③

studentlovestheirEnglishteacher.=AllthestudentslovetheirEnglishteacher.

every(1)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物(2)只用作形容词,后接名词单数eachEachEvery几组常用的不定代词比较序号不定代词用法例子7none(1)表示三者或三者以上人或物,“没有一个”,表示全部否定(2)后接of…,作主语时,谓语动词可用单数或复数①

oftheanswersis/areright.

②—Howmanystudentsarehere？—

.

③—Whoisintheclassroom？—

./Nobody.

noone/nobody(1)指人,作主语时,谓语动词用单数(2)后不接of结构(3)表示否定NoneNoneNoone几组常用的不定代词比较序号不定代词用法例子8others表复数,泛指,相当于“other+复数名词”；后不接名词①Wethinkso,but___________

maynotthinkinthisway.

②Heisreadytohelp_________.

③Tonyhastakenthreeoranges.Butwhereare

onthetable？

theothers相当于“theother+复数名词”,表特指；后不接名词othersotherstheothers几组常用的不定代词比较序号不定代词用法例子9other(1)形容词,后接复数名词(2)anyother后常接单数,表示“其他任何一个”①Heistallerthanany

studentinhisclass.

②Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold,and

is5yearsold.

③OnlyLilyandLucyareintheclassroom.Wherehave

studentsgone？

④Marydoesn’twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowher

one？

⑤I’mstillhungryaftereatingthecake.Pleasegiveme

.

⑥Ineed

threehourstofinishthework.

=Ineedthreemorehourstofinishthework.theother(1)表示(两者中的)另一个(2)后接复数名词,表示“其余的……”(特指)another(1)表单数,表示三者或三者以上之中的另一个(2)当与数词连用时,可接复数名词othertheothertheotheranotheranotheranother六、疑问代词用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词,通常位于句首,引导特殊疑问句。1.who作主语、表语或宾语,但不能放介词后。可询问身份和姓名。如：(1)Whowantstogowithme？(2)—

istheboyinred？—HeisJim.

2.whom是who的宾格形式,作宾语。如：To

areyoutalking？

Whowhom3.whose是who的所有格形式,作定语。如：这是谁的钱包？

walletisthis？

4.what指不定数目中的那一个。表示“什么；哪一些”,无范围,也可用于询问职业。如：(1)

wouldyoulike？

(2)—

doesyourfatherdo？—Heisateacher.

5.which表示“哪一个”,指在一定范围内特指的人或物。如：

bikeisyours？

WhoseWhatWhatWhich七、易错点突破1.some,any,every,no与one,body,thing构成复合不定代词,如someone,anybody,everything等,修饰这一类复合不定代词时,定语要后置。如：(1)Isthere

(任何新的事)intoday’snewspaper？

(2)Wouldyoulike

(别的东西)？

2.指人的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如：Ifanyone

(来),askhimtowait.

anythingnewsomethingelsecomes3.不定代词one指物时,指代同一类中不特定的单数名词,一般指代“a/an+单数名词”,其复数形式为ones；it指上文提到的同一事物,其复数形式为they/them。如：(1)Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkIhavetobuy

.

我找不到我的帽子了,我想我得去买一顶。

(同名不同物)(2)Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput

.

我找不到我的帽子,我不知道把它放在哪了。(同一物)oneit2.(2023·佛山市南海区模拟·35

题)Later,Pengposted

firstvideoofplayingguzhengonthestreetsonlineanditquicklywentviral(走红).

A.she B.hers C.her3.(2022·广州中考·3

题)Sometimes,Iwoulddrawpicturesof________

fishandseaplantsandtapethemtothesideofthetank,soBobwouldn’tgetlonelywhileIwasatschool.

A.other B.others C.theother D.theothersCA4.(2022·广东中考·15题)Allseemedsoeasy.IhopedthenexttimeIwouldbeabletocleanthetankallby

.

A.me B.my C.mine D.myself5.(2021·广东中考·33

题)WorkersstartedtobuildthebridgeinMay,2018.

cost2.8milliondollarsandtookovertwoyearstocomplete.

A.It

B.Its

C.They

D.TheirsDA6.(2021·广州中考·9题)I’llgodowntoshowmysupport,ifIcan’tdo

_____________more.

A.something

B.everything

C.anything

D.nothing7.(2021·广州中考·12题)Bythistimeotherraindropshadseenwhat

did.Onesaid,“Ifyoutwoaredoingsuchagoodjob,Ishallfollow！”

A.you

B.they

C.it

D.heCB8.(2020·广州中考·10

题)Theymoveonuntilatlast,Davidseessomehousesbelow.Thechildrenruntomeet

.

A.he

B.his

C.him

D.himself9.(2020·广州中考·1

题)Assoonashereadsonebook,hebringshome

.Soonthehouseisfilledwithbooks.

A.other

B.another

C.theother

D.theothersCB二、代词在短文填空中的考查1.(2023·广东中考·66

题)Thereisasmallthingweuseeveryday.Weusuallyput

inthebathroom.

2.(2022·广东中考·75

题)ThefirstInternationalTeaDaywasonMay21st,2020.Sincethen,peoplehavecelebrated

everyyear.

it

either

be

because

what

else

by

invent

clean

popular

habit

hundreditit3.(2021·

广东中考·

66题)Onemanhasturnedhisinterestintoloveandthislovemade

writemanybooksaboutChina.

4.(2020·

广东中考·

74题)Shefeltveryexcitedwhenshesawsmileson

___________faces.

5.(2020·佛山市顺德区二模·75

题)HethankedGodforsaving_______

lives.

himtheirtheir6.(2019·

广东中考·

74题)Inordertosavetheoldvillage,GrandpaHuangpaintedonthewallsof

ownhouseandotherhouses.

7.(2018·广东中考·80题)…hewilllookbacktothisexperienceandkeeptelling

,“onebrickatatime”.

hishimself8.(2017·广东中考·73题)…theyfindthatMr.Smith,Mrs.Smithandtheirtwosonsaresocrazyabouttechnologythat

hardlydothingstogether.

9.(2016·广东中考·79题)Weshouldtry

besttocareforourfamily.

theyour(

)1.—Wheredidyougetthetoycar？—FromBetty.Shemadeit

.(2023·河北省)

A.myself B.himself C.herself D.yourselfC真题链接(

)2.—ChinesechessplayerDingLirenhasdone

hecaninchessandhasputallthathehasintothegames.

—Yes,andhehasbecomechessworldchampion(冠军)recently.(2023·滨州市)A.everything B.nothing C.something D.noneA(

)3.

teachertalkedto

aboutthestoriesoftheSilkRoad.(2023·天津市)

A.Our；us B.Our；we C.Ours；us D.Ours；we(

)4.—WhichofthetwoT-shirtsdoyouwant？—

.Oneistoobigandtheotheristoosmall.Couldyoushowmeanotherone？

(2023·甘南自治州)A.Either B.Both

C.NeitherAC(

)5.—It’sneithertoocoldnortoohotallyearroundinKunming,making

aperfectplacetoliveinorvisit.

—Right.Iwenttherelastyear.(2023·南通市)A.that

B.one C.this

D.itD(

)6.TheRobinsonsloveseeingtheworld.

havebeentomanyinterestingplaces.

(2023·大连市)A.We

B.They

C.You D.I(

)7.To

surprise,localvillagersaresuccessfulinplantingstrawberrieswithoutsoilinHainan.(2023·青海省)

A.we

B.our C.usBB(

)8.—Tim,isthismagazineyoursister’s？—No.

isonthedesk.(2023·哈尔滨市)

A.Mine

B.Hers C.His(

)9.—Ican’tfindmyshoes.Wherearethey,Mom？—Oh,oneisunderthebed,

isbehindthedoor.(2023·邵阳市)

A.theother

B.others

C.anotherBA(

)10.—TherearemanycelebrationsinthecomingDragonBoatFestival.—Soundsveryinteresting.Idon’twanttomiss

.(2023·武汉市)

A.it

B.any

C.none D.oneB语法选择(主要考查代词)(2023·高州市一模改编)

Jessieandhertwoyoungsisterslivedwiththeirmotherinanapartmentbuilding.Oneevening,afirestartedon

1

secondfloorofthebuilding.Thesmoke

2

spreadthroughthewholebuilding.Thefirealarmrangsharply.Allthepeopleranoutoftheburningbuilding.Therewasnotimetotakem