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2016年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学
问卷I.Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.1.Threebranchesofphoneticsarearticulatoryphonetics,a_______phonetics,andacousticphonetics.2.Thewordaroundwhichaphraseisformedistermedhead,andthewordsontherightsideoftheheadsarec____________.3.H__________
referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.4.S__________referstothelinguisticvarietycharacteristicofaparticularsocialclass.5.Therearetwotypesofa__________dyslexia:phonologicaldyslexiaandsurfacedyslexia.6.Differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisknownaslinguisticr_______.7.Themostbasicandthesmallestmeaningfulelementofmeaningistraditionallycalledm___________.8.Thei__________viewholdsthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichhedevelops.9.C___________determinesthespeaker’suseoflanguageandalsothehearer’sinterpretationofwhatissaidtohim10.Ifthelinguisticstudyaimslaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobep___________.
11.Vibrationofthevocalcords
resultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalled“v___________”.12.R__________meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld.13.A__________referstoanumberofacquiredlanguagedisorderduetothecerebrallesionscausedbyvascularproblems,atumor,anaccidentandsoon.14.MinorLexicalCategoriesrefertoD_________,Degreeword,
Qualifier,AuxiliaryandConjunction.15.Linguisticsisascientificstudybecauseitisbasedonthes_____________investigationoflinguisticdata.16.Grammaticaloffunctionalwordsarereferredtoasbeingc_____classwords.17.Ap___________isaspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.18.A________arewordsderivedfromtheinitialsofseveralwords,suchasWTO.19.I________motivationreferstothedrivethatpeoplelearnaforeignlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetculture.20.Chomskyusesthetermp________torefertotheactualrealizationoftheknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.II.Multiplechoice(20%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.21.Differentfromcontrastiveanalysis,_______
gavelessconsiderationtolearners’nativelanguage.
A.negativetransfer
B.mistakeanalysis
C.positiveanalysis
D.erroranalysis22.Thesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyiscalledthe__________.A.publicsociety
B.commongroup
C.speechcommunity
D.speechgroup23.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintwoways:oneisintermsof_____ofarticulationandtheotherisintermsofplaceofarticulation.A.force
B.position
C.manner
D.pattern24.___________analysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.A.Componential
B.Contrastive
C.Comparative
D.Inflection25.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,__________,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.
A.morphemesB.elements
C.segments
D.constituents
26.____________motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertocommunicatewithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage.A.Positive
B.Integrative
C.Instrumental
D.Intrinsic27.Thewordsontheleftsideoftheheadsaresaidtofunctionas_______.A.modifiers
B.qualifiers
C.specifiers
D.determiners28.ThefollowingsoundsbelongtothesamenaturalclassEXCEPT____.A.[t]
B.[s]
C.[p]
D.[k]29.ThesentencethathasaNPandaPPcanbeshownina______formula“S→NPPP”.A.hierarchical
B.treediagram
C.vertical
D.linear30.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______.A.prescriptive
B.descriptive
C.synchronic
D.diachronic31.Therelationshipbetween“flower“
and“rose”is_______.A.homonymy
B.hyponymy
C.polysemy
D.synonymy32.Thepairofwords“east”
and“west“is________.A.gradableantonyms
B.co-hyponyms
C.complementaryoppositeD.relationalopposites33.WhichofthefollowinghypothesisisputforwardbyEricLenneberg?A.CriticalPeriodHypothesis
B.InputHypothesis
C.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis
D.LanguageAcquisitionDeviceHypothesis34.X:JohnhastakenpartintheLondonOlympicGames.
Y:Johnisasportsman.Thesenserelationbetweentheabovesentencesis_____.A.XentailsY
B.XisinconsistentwithYC.X
presupposes
Y
D.XissynonymouswithY35.Theword“unreasonably”consistsof____morphemes.A.4
B.3
C.5
D.236.____occurswhentheCooperativePrincipleisviolated.A.Locutionaryact
B.IllocutionaryactC.Conversationalimplicature
D.Intralingualerror37.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentthatoccursinthesameplaceinthestring,thetwosoundcombinationsaresaidtoforma__________.A.adjacencypairs
B.minimalpairsC.complementarypairs
D.similarpairs38.”Brunch”isawordformedby_____.A.clipping
B.back-formation
C.coinage
D.blending39.Whichoftheunderlinedmorphemesbelowisaderivationalmorpheme?A.started
B.jumping
C.physician
D.suffixes40.____isconcernedwiththeprocessesoflanguagecomprehensionandproduction.A.Pragmatics
B.Morphology
C.Semantics
D.PsycholinguisticsIII.Trueoffalsejudgement(20%)41.Thebrain,weighingabout1,400grams,consistsofabouttenbillionnervecellscalledneurons.42.Whatismeasuredintheprimingexperimentistheextenttowhichtheprimeinfluencesthesubject’s
psychological
decisionperformanceonthetargetstimulus.43.AccordingtoAustin,aspeakermightbeperformingthreeactssimultaneouslywhenspeaking:locutionaryact,illocutionaryactand
perlocutionaryact.44.Diacriticsareaddedtotheletter-symbolstobringoutfinerdistinctionsthanthelettersalonemaypossiblydo.45.Modeofdiscoursereferstotheroleofrelationshipinthesituationinquestion.46.”Languageisarbitrary”meansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsoundssincedifferentsoundsareusedtorefertothesameobjectindifferentlanguages.47.Derivationalmorphemesarethegroupofmorphemessuchas–en,-ate,and–icetc.Becausewhentheyareconjoinedtoothermorphemes(orwords),anewwordisderivedofformed.48.Locutionaryactistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance;itistheactperformedbysayingsomething.49.Thecortexisseparatedbythelongitudinalfissureintotwoparts:theleftandrightcerebralhemispheres.50.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedbyN.Chomskyin1967.IV.Explainthefollowingnotionsbriefly(25%)51.behaviourist
52.senseandreference
53.Wh-Movement
54.LAD
55.Drawatreediagramfor“Thegirlboughtthebook.”
V.Essayquestion(15%)Writeapassageof120-150wordsonthefollowingtopic.56.Whataresuprasegmentalfeatures?HowdothemajorsuprasegmentalfeaturesofEnglishfunctioninconveyingmeaning?Illustrateyouranswerwithconcreteexamples.
部分参考答案(非官方答案,但大部分正确):1.auditory
2.complements
3.Homonymy
4.Sociolect
5.acquired
6.relativity
7.morpheme
8.
interractionist
9.Context10.Prescriptive
11.voicing
12.Reference13.Aphasia
14
.
Determiner
15.systematic16.
closed
17.
pidgin
18.
Acronyms19.Integrative
20.performance
21.D
22.C
23.C
24.A
25.A26.B
27.C
28.B
29.D
30.B31.B
32.D
33.A
34.C
35.A36.C
37.B
38.D
39.C
40.D41.T
42.F
43.T
44.T
45.F
46.T
47.T
48.F
49.T
50.F51.Traditionalbehavioristsviewlanguageasbehaviorandbelievethatlanguagelearningissimplyamatterofimitationandhabitformation.52.Theyaretworelatedbutdifferentaspectsofmeaning.1)
Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.Itisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform;itisabstractandde-contextualized.Itistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompliersareinterestedin.2)
Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandnon-linguisticworldofexperience.53.Wh-movement----Moveawhphrasetothebeginningofthesentence.MoveawhphrasetothespecifierpositionunderCP.(Revised)54.Itisthecapacitytoacquireone’sfirstlanguage,whenthiscapacityispicturesasasortofmechanismorapparatus.Inthe1960sand1970sChomskyandothers
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