2023北京丰台高三一模英语（教师版）

2023北京丰台高三一模英语2023.03本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。笔试(共三部分100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ithadbeenaninterestingsoccermatch.Jerrywassoabsorbedinitthateveryone1hispassionforsports.Healsodevelopeda_2attitudetowardsacquiringsuchasocceruniform.Whateverhedesires,heaskshisparentstopurchaseitinasplitofseconds.“Mom,Iwantasocceruniform,”hebeggedhismother.“OK,”saidhismother,“butyouneedtohave3”.Thedayspassedby,buthegotno4fromhisparents.Hisdreamseemedtocollapse.However,Jerrynevergaveuphisidea.Hekeptthinkinghowtoachieveitasearlyaspossible.Asparklingideastruckhismind.Hecould5oneofhisT-shirts,butwhatifhismothersawandscolded(责备)?Thoughanxious,hefinallymadeuphismind.HedrewacirclewiththehelpofabowlandmodifiedthesoccerimageontotheT-shirt.Healsotook6toavoidthespreadofcolorontotheothersideofit,Itwasaremarkablepieceofwork.“Jerry!Whatareyoudoing?”hismothersuddenlyappeared.“Imaynotgettheuniform,butIcantrytopainttheimageonmyT-shirt,Ithought.”Hewas7tofacehismother.Butoutofhisexpectation,hismother8himforhisworkignoringthemistake.ShedidnotmindtheT-shirtinthepresenceoftheideaofpainting.“It'sOK,”saidMom.Ifwehadfulfilledyoureverywant,yourinborn9wouldhavebeenhidden.Youwouldn'thavethoughtofotheralternativeingettingtheuniform.Thataddstoyour10toachieveyourgoal,”shesaid.“Thankyou,Mom.”Heranplayfully.1.A.controlledB.sensedC.supportedD.expected2.A.thirstyB.realisticC.cautiousD.selfish3.A.confidenceB.motivationC.inspirationD.patience4.A.decisionB.responseC.judgmentD.recognition5.A.purchaseB.exchangeC.paintD.sew6.A.interestB.energyC.courageD.care7.A.eagerB.surprisedC.afraidD.relieved8.A.appreciatedB.blamedC.rewardedD.thanked9.A.tasteB.fondnessC.talentD.fear10.A.willpowerB.honestyC.responsibilityD.tolerance第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AWangwasbornandgrewupinAmerica,butshe11(build)solidtieswithChineseculturesinceshewasalittlegirl.Sheisnowridinganewtrend:mixingandmatchingmodernclotheswithtraditionalHandress,orhanfu.Shehasbeenpostingvideosof12(she)dressedinhanfuontheInternet,whichhasattractedmanyfansonChineselifestyle.“Ilovehanfu.I'vemademanyvideos,13(aim)tohelpmorepeoplelearnaboutit,”WangtoldBeijingReview.BEngineersinventedanewdevicetoproducesolarelectricityatnight.Solarpanelstransformsunlightintoenergy,sothey14(traditional)workonlyduringdaylighthours.Thisdevice,however,15(use)athermometricgenerator,whichcreatesenergy.fromdifferencesintemperature.Inthiscase,cooleveningairisaslightlydifferenttemperaturethanthesolarcellinthepanel.Thatbecomesenergy16istransformedintoelectricity.Thedevicecouldbehelpfulinareas17(locate)farfromapowergrid(电网).CAstudyshowedhowmuchdogslovetheirowners.Intheexperiment,theresearchersfirstmeasuredhowmanytears18(produce)bydogswhentheywerejustspendingtimeathomewiththeirowners.Theteamthenrepeatedtheexperiment)thistime/withdogsthatwerereunitedwiththeirowners19beingapartforfivehours.Theresultsshoweddogsonlyshedtearsduringthereunions.Theteamnowwantstofindout20dogshaveasimilaremotionalresponsewhenreunitedwithotherdogs.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题，每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AGivealittlesunshine!TheCouncilonAging(COA)runsatelephonefriendshipprojectcalledtheSunshineCallProgram,matchingover-60swithafriendlyvolunteerforadailychatoverthephone.Theaimissimple--tohelpeasethelonelinessandrepairsocialnetworks..Sheila,77,aretiredteacher,livedalone.ShehasbeenreceivingcallsfromRianne,avolunteer,forovertwomonths.“TalkingtoRianneissomethingIreallylookforwardto-abreathoffreshair.Wetalkabouteverything-theatre,herwork,bookswe'veread...Listeningtosomeoneelse'slifeenriches.20ILandgivesyousomethingpositivetofocuson.”“Atthebeginning,Ihadnoexpectationofhowthephonecallswouldgo,butit'swonderfulthatit'sledtoagenuine.friendshipRiannehelpsmealot...”Areyoureadytoaddalittlesunshinetoasenior'slife?TheSunshineCallPrograminitiallylinksavolunteerwithanisolate(独居的)seniorforadailycalWhencomfortablethevolunteerintroducesasecondseniortothecall.Thenanother,untiltherearefourseniorstoonevolunteeronwhatisessentiallyaconferencecall.Withouthavingtoleavethehouse,youwillhelptheseniorsmeetandmakenewfriends.Theywillthenexchangephonenumberstochatontheirownandreducetheirisolation.Whatarethevolunteerqualifications?VolunteersmusthaveaccesstotheInternetandbewillingtobetrainedontheuseofachatapp.COAwillprovideallsuppliesrequiredtomakethecalls.Besides,volunteersmustagreetoparticipateinmonthlymeetingswithothervolunteersandguestspeakers.AllvolunteersmustbewillingtoprovidearecentCriminalRecordCheck,thecostofwhichwillbebornebyCOA.Andthemostimportantvolunteerqualificationisasenseofcaringandadesiretohelpseniorsinthecommunity!IfyouwishtovolunteerwithourSunshineCallprogram,neverhesitate!JustCLICKHEREtofillouttheapplicationform.21.WhydoesthepassagementionSheila'sexperience?A.ToshowherlonelinessB.Toshareasweetmemory.C.TostressthevalueofCOA.D.TopraiseRianne'skindness.22.Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofvolunteersis.A.makingweeklycallstoseniorsB.visitingseniorsduringholidaysC.introducingnewfriendstoseniorsD.teachingseniorstousesmartphones23.Ifyouwanttobeavolunteer,whatareyourequiredtodo?A.Learntheuseofachatapp..B.Prepareacomputerbyyourself.C.Offeraletterofrecommendation.D.Haverelevantworkingexperience.24.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.ToinformthereadersofCOA.B.ToinviteseniorstosignupforCOAC.TointroducevolunteerworkinCOA.D.ToadvertisefornewvolunteersforCOA.BThiswasthefirstcommunicationthathadcomefrom,herauntinJessie'slifetime.“Ithinkyouraunthasforgivenmeatlast,”herfathersaidashepassedtheletteracrossthetable.Jessielookedfirstattheautograph(签名).Itseemedstrangetoseeherownnamethere.Therewasalikenessbetweenheraunt'sautographandherown,ahintofthesamedecisivenessandprecision.IfJessiehadbeeneducatedfiftyyearsearlier,shemighthavewrittenhernameinjustthatmanner.“You'reverylikeherinsomeways,"herfathersaid,asshestillstaredattheautograph.“IshouldthinkyoumustalmosthaveforgottenwhatAuntJessiewaslike,dear,"shesaid.“Howmanyyearsisitsinceyoulastsawher?"“Morethanforty,”herfathersaid.“Wedisagreed,Weinvariablydisagreed.Jessiealwayspridedherselfonbeingsomodern.ShereadDarwinandthingslikethat.Altogetherbeyondme,Iadmit."“Andsoitseemsthatshewantstoseeme.”Jessiestraightenedhershouldersandliftedherhead,Shewasexcitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehadsooftenheardabout.Sometimesshehadwonderedifthepersonalityofthisremarkablerelativehadnotbeenafigment(虚构)ofherfather'simagination.Butthisletterofhersthatnowlayonthebreakfasttablewasadmirableincharacter/Therewassomethingofintoleranceexpressedinitstone.ItwasjustlikewhatherfatherhadtoldherMr.Deanecameoutofhispastmemorieswithasigh.“Yes,yes;shewantstoseeyou,mydear,”hesaid.“I'veheardshehassetupaschoolandhelpedmanyyoungsters...Ithinkyouhadbetteracceptthisinvitationtosaywithher.Ifshetookafancytoyou,youcouldgetabettereducation..."Hesighedagain,andJessieknewtatforthehundredthtimehewasregrettinghisownpastweakness...25.HowwastherelationshipbetweenJessie'sfatherandheraunt?A.Itremainedverycloseovertheyears.B.Itwasbrokenwhentheywereyoung.C.Itgottenserduetoamisunderstanding.D.Itwasuneasyfortheirfinancialdifferences.26.Fromthepassage,weknowJessiewas.A.eagertomeetherauntB.cautiousaboutheraunt'sinvitationC.angrywithherauntforignoringherfamilyD.puzzledbyheraunt'ssuddeninterestinher27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Jessie'sauntpromisedtoofferherbettereducation.B.Jessie'saunt'spersonalityseemedtochangealot.C.Jessie'sandherauntweredifferentinpersonality.D.Jessie'sfatherfeltsorryforwhathehaddone.CManypeoplewouldanswerthequestionofwhatmakesushumanbyinsistingthatweareculturalbeings.Thereisnodoubtthatweare.Butonedefinitionofcultureisthetotalityoftraditionsacquiredinacommunitybysociallearningfromotherindividuals,andmanyanimalspecieshavetraditions.Canwethensaythatsomeanimalsareculturalbeingstoo?Oneapproachtostudycultureinanimalsistheso-calledMethodofExclusion(排除),inwhichscientistsinvestigatebehavioralvariationsacrosspopulationsofonespecies.Inafamousstudy,scientistslearnedthatchimpanzee(黑猩猩)behaviorsweresociallypassedon)astheywerepresentatsomesitesbutnotatothers,despitehavingsame/ecologicalsettings.Forexample,chimpanzeesinTaiNationalParkinIvoryCoastarewell-knowfortheirnut-crackingskills.ChimpanzeesinGombeNationalParkinTanzania,ontheotherhand,donotcracknuts,althoughnutsexistintheirenvironmenttoo.However,whenapplyingtheMethodofExclusion,onehastobeverycareful.Thereareotherfactorsthatcouldalsoexplainthepatternofbehavioralvariation.Forexample,someofthechimpanzeetechniquesscientistsevaluatedoccurinonlyoneofthethreesubspecies.Soit'squitepossiblethatthesebehaviorsalsohaveaninnatecomponent.Thiswouldmeanthatonechimpanzeesubspeciesusesanewtechniquenotoutofculturaltradition,butbecausethebehaviorisfixedtospecificgenes.AnotherfactorthathastobeexcludedisofcoursetheenvirotmentChimpanzeesinMahaledonotfishalgae(水藻),simplybecausealgaedoesnotexistthere.Butwhenweexcludeallthevariationsthatcanbeexplainedbygenesorenvironment,westillfindthatanimalsdoshowculturalvariations.Doesthatmeanthereisnorealdifferencebetweenthemandusafterall?Notexactly.Thereisafundamentaldifferencebetweenhumanandanimalculture.Onlyhumanscanbuildculturallyonwhatgenerationsbeforeushavelearned.Thisiscalled“cumulativeculture".Wedon'thavetokeepreinventingthewheel.Thisiscalledthe“ratchet(棘轮)effect”.Likearatchetthatcanbeturnedforwardbutnotback,people'sculturaltechniquesevolve.Itislikelythatbehaviorsweseetodayinchimpanzeeculturescouldbeinventedoverandoveragainbyindividualanimalsthemselves.Incontrast,achildborntodaywouldnotbeabletoinventacomputerwithouttheknowledgeofmanypastgenerations.28.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofthechimpanzeesintwoparksinParagraph2?A.Toprovethatculturedoesexistinanimals.B.Tojustifytheuniquenessoftheresearchmethod.C.Tocomparehowchimpanzeesbehaveindifferentparks.D.Tostresstheimportanceofenvironmentinstudyingculture.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"innate"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Advanced.B.Inborn.C.Adaptive.D.Intelligent.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Cumulativecultureiswhatsetshumansapartfromanimals.B.Cultureinanimalsisasworthytobevaluedashumanculture.C.Animalsdon'thavetheabilitytoinventbehaviorsinacommunity.D.The"ratcheteffect"decidesifhumanscanbuildonpastexperiences.DWhenElinorLobelwas16,a“smart"insulin(胰岛素)pumpwasattachedtoherbody.PoweredbyAI,ittracksherglucoselevelsandadministerstherightdoseofinsulinattherighttimetokeepherhealthy.ItisoneofthenewwaysthatdataandAIcanhelpimprovelives.Booksthatcriticizethedarksideofdataareplentiful.Theygenerallysuggestthereismuchmoretofearthanfeteinthealgorithmic(算法的)age.Buttheintellectualtidemaybeturning.OneofthemostpersuasivesupportersofamorebalancedviewisElinorLobel'smother,Orly,alawprofessor.InTheEqualityMachinesheacknowledgesAI'scapacitytoproduceharmfulresults.Butsheshowshow.intherighthands,itcanalsobeusedtofightinequalityanddiscrimination.Aprincipleofprivacyrulesis“minimization”:collectandkeepaslittleinformationaspossible,especiallyinareassuchasraceandRender.MsLobelflipsthescript,showinghowinhiring,payandthelegalsystem,knowingsuchcharacteristicsleadstofaireroutcomes.MsLobel'scalltousemore,notless,personalinformationchallengesdata-privacyorthodoxy(正统观念).Butsheinsiststhat"trackingdifferenceiskeytodetectingunfairness."Sheadvocatesalooseningofprivacyrulestoprovidemoretransparency(透明)overalgorithmicdecisions.Theproblemswithalgorithmicformulae(公式)aretackledindepthinEscapefromModelLandbyEricaThompsonoftheSchoolofEconomics.ThesestatisticalmodelsarethebackboneofbigdataandAI.Yetaperfectmodelwillalwaysbebeyondreach.“Allmodelsarewrong,"runsawisesaying.“Someareuseful.”MsThompsonfocusesonachallengeshecallstheHawkmothEffect.InthebetterknownButterflyEffect,aserviceablemodel,inthepredictionofclimatechange,becomeslessreliableovertimebecauseofthecomplexityofwhatitissimulating(模拟),orbecauseofinaccuraciesintheoriginaldata.IntheHawkmothEffect,bycontrast,themodelitselfisflawed;itmightfailtotakefullaccountoftheinterplaybetweenhumidity,windandtemperature.Theauthorcallsondatageekstoimprovetheirsolutionstoreal-worldissues,notmerelyrefinetheirformulae-inotherwords,toescapefrommodelland.“Wedonotneedtohavethebestpossibleanswer,”shewrites,“onlyareasonableone."Boththesebooksexhibitahealthyrealismaboutdata,algorithmsandtheirlimitations.Bothrecognizethatmakingprogressinvolvesacceptinglimitations,whetherinlaworcoding.AsMsLobelputsit:“It'salwaysbettertolightacandlethantocursethedarkness.”31.MsLobelintendstoconveythat.A.minimisationisagoodprivacyruletogobyB.algorithmsarecurrentlychallengedbydataprivacyC.employingmorepersonaldatashouldbeencouragedD.identifyingalgorithms'problemsleadstobetteroutcomes32.Whatcanwelearnabout“HawkmothEffect"?A.ItdevelopsfromButterflyEffect.B.Itemphasizesaccuracyoforiginaldata.C.Itenjoyspopularityinclimateresearchfield.D.Itismentionedtoshowthemodelcanbefaulty.33.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriterprobablyagree?A.Usingalgorithmstodetectdifferencesishard.B.Theapplicationofdataandalgorithmsislimited.C.Thereliabilityofdatashouldbeattachedimportanceto.D.Improvingalgorithmsinvolvesacceptingitsimperfection.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheAlgorithm'sProspectB.TheAlgorithm'sMercyC.TheAlgorithm'sComplexityD.TheAlgorithm'sRecognition第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Expressivewritingorjournalingisonewaytohelpyouhealfromtrauma(创伤)35.Itcanhelpyouprocesswhatyou'vebeenthroughandassistyouasyouenvisionapathforward.Whydocsawritinginterventionwork?36.Infact,narratingthestoryofanongoinganxiety“freesup”cognitiveresources.Whenyouwritedowntheemotionsassociatedwithatraumaticexperience,youmaybechangingthewayitisorganizedinthebrain.Youarethenabletodetachfromtheemotion,makingiteasierforyoutotalkaboutandprocesstheevent.However,formostpeople,thethoughtofacknowledgingemotionsandadmittingthatthere'ssomethingwrongwithusisdifficultThisisbecauseexpressingemotionscanbringupfeelingsofguiltandshame.37.Thatiswhatsetsjournalingapart.Thisisbetweenyouandyourjournal-youdon'thavetoshareitwithanyoneunless,ofcourse,youchooseto.Ifyou'reinterestedintryingoutwritingasatoolforhealing,startyourwritingbysettingatimerfortenminutes.38.Thinkofoneobjectinyourhomethatsignifiesamomentforyou.Seeitinfullcolor.Feeltheweightofit.Useallyoursenses.Now,writeaboutthatobjectandseehowlargeitsmeaningcanbecome.39Howyouhealfromtraumacanbedifferentfrompersontopersonaswell.Italldependsonwhatworksbestforyou.Remember,onesizedoesnotfitall.Writingmaynotworkforeveryone,butyouwon'tknowifyoudon'ttry.A.Despitethat,expressivewritingremainsanaccessibletool,BOfcourse,expressivewritingishardlyapanacea(灵丹妙药).C.Also,seekinghelpforemotionalstressisoftenseenasasignofweakness.D.Itmayseemabnormalthatwritingaboutnegativeexperienceshasapositiveeffect.E.Onceyouhaveabetterhandleoyourproblems,youcanmoveforwardandgetonwithlife.F.Itiswritingfromyourheartandmindandabouttheemotionassociatedwithacertainevent.G.Letyourmindgotothedetailed,specificmomentstogettothefeelingsandtruthofyourexperience.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Ifyou'vespentanytimeonsocialmediasites,you'veprobablynoticedit:parentssharenews,photos,andotherinformationabouttheirchildren.Thisphenomenoniscalled“sharenting”,acombinationofthewords“sharing”and“parenting”.Muchoftheresearchonsharentingfocusesonwhyparentschoosetoshareonline.Studiesfoundthatforparentsofinfants(婴儿),sharentingcanhelpeasethesocialisolationthatcomeswiththisperiodintheirchildren'slives.Parentsofteenagersalsoshareinformationabouttheirkidsonsocialmedia.Researchhasshowntheirmotivationsincludecommunicatingtheirprideintheirchildren'saccomplishmentsandinformingfriendsandfamilyabouttheirkids'lives.However,whenparentspostabouttheirchildrenonsocialmediawithhighfrequency,thephenomenonof“oversharenting”occurs,whichcanbeagreatcauseforconcern.Forexample,ifparentssharetoomuchinformationthattheirchildrendon'twantdisclosed,itmayleadthemtowitholdinformationabouttheirlivesfromtheirparentssotheycanbettercontrolwhatcanandcan'tbepostedaboutthem.Additionally,thecutephotosorfunnyobservationsparentsshareonlineabouttheirchildrencouldbecomeaproblemwhentheirkidsgetolder.Inparticular,collegesandemployersareincreasinglycheckingapplicants'onlineactivity,andasaresult,informationpostedbyparentscouldbecomeasourceofembarrassmentoraffectapotentialcollege'soremployer'sassessmentoftheirchild.Sharinginformationhasneverbeenfasterthaninthedigitalage.Whileitcanbeveryconvenienttopostmilestonesoftheirchildren,it'simportantforparentstoensurethey'reshareningresponsibly.Afterall,it'snotjustapicture,it'sthechildandtheirdigitalfootprint.40.Accordingtothepassage,whatissharenting?41.Whydoparentsofinfantschoosetoshareonline?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.➢Whenparentsoversharent,theirchildrenmaymakeupinformationabouttheirlivestobettercontrolwhatcanandcan'tbepostedaboutthem.43.Besideswhat'