湖北省十堰市2023-2024学年高三上学期元月调研考试英语试卷

十堰市2024年高三年级元月调研考试英语满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上，并将考号条形码贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。3.非选择题用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将答案直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，只交答题卡。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.HowmanybookshasFionareceived?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.2.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Climbingupahill.B.Havingarest.C.Waitingforsomeone.3.WhywasCarlatthehospital?A.Hewasmeetingadoctor.B.Hewaslookingafterhiswife.C.Hewasvisitinghisdaughter.4.Whatistheproblemwiththeman?A.Hecan’tseethesignclearly.B.Hehasnoticketforthemovie.C.Hehasparkedinawrongplace.5.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.TheweatherofParis.B.Apieceofnews.C.Aterribleaccident.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Motherandson.7.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutMs.Patty?A.Sheisresponsible.B.Sheisstrict.C.Sheishumorous.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whichfamilyholidayprogrammedoesthemanremend?A.Theoneonthe18th.B.Theoneonthe19th.C.Theoneonthe20th.9.Wherewillthewomanprobablygo?A.France.B.Spain.C.Greece.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatdidSusandorightbeforetheconversation?A.Shevisitedherbrother.B.ShecalledJohnReeves.C.Shetouredthepany.11.WhatdoesSusanthinkofthepany?A.It’sbig.B.It’sfamous.C.It’scrowded.12.WhoisMichael?A.John’sboss.B.Tara’shusband.C.Susan’sbrother.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdidthemanlose?A.Hisphone.B.Hiscreditcard.C.Hisdrivinglicense.14.Whydoesthewomanagreetotheman’srequest?A.Hereservesthehotelincash.B.HeshowsthewomanhisIDcard.C.Heprovidestwoformsofidentification.15.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Lookforhispassport.B.Putawayhiscreditcard.C.Reportthesituationtothebank.16.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabank.B.Inahotel.C.Atapolicestation.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whenwilltheeventbeheld?A.FromJanuary10thtoFebruary12th.B.FromJanuary12thtoFebruary10th.C.FromJanuary12thtoFebruary12th.18.Howmuchshouldacouplewithachildof8payfortheirentrance?A.$10.B.$20.C.$30.19.Whicheventisnewthisyear?A.Aflowershow.B.Afancydressexhibition.C.Anicesculptureexhibition.20.Wherewillthefoodshopsbe?A.Nexttotheentrance.B.Inthecenterofthesite.C.Besidetheamusementrides.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyouenjoyeatingThaifoodinrestaurantsandatstreetsidestalls,goonestepfurtherandlearnhowtomakeitinthisfuncookingclass.You’llstartwithamarketvisit,soyoucanpickthebestingredientsandlearnwhatyouneedtopreparethebestfood.Then,gettoworkinpreparingyourownmultidishfeast,withthehelpofyourinstructor.You’lllearntipsandtricksthatyoucanreplicate(复制)laterathome.HighlightsoftheclassSeehowThaishopsbyvisitingalocalmarketfirst.Allequipment,ingredients,andrefreshments(茶点)areincluded.Receiveprintedrecipessoyoucanmakethesedishesagainlater.WhattoexpectEnjoyhandsonexperienceofthesmallgroupThaicookingclass.Visitthenearbylocalmarkettogetsomefreshingredients.LearnhowtoprepareandcooktraditionalThaifoodwithourcharminglocalThaiinstructor.AdditionalinformationMinimumageis13yearsold.Thistour/activitywillhaveamaximumof7travelers.Notremendedforparticipantswithback/legsproblems.Pleasebeadvisedthatmenuisdecidedbytheinstructorpriortothedateoftravel.Ifcapacityisfullorlimitedstaff,unannouncedextrapersonsmaybeaskedtoleave.Pleasewearclosedtoe/heelshoesthatyoudon’tmindgettingdirty.Themarketisalittlebitwetandmuddy.Whenmakingyourbooking,pleaseinformusofanydietaryrequirements,suchasvegetarian(素食者).Arrivinganhourlateresultinanoshow(失约)andtheparticipantwillnotbeabletoparticipateintherestoftheclass1.Whatwilllearnersdofirstfortheclass?A.Visitalocalmarket. B.Makeafeast.C.Printrecipes. D.Buyequipment.2.HowdotheparticipantslearntocookThaifood?A.ByobservingThaishops.B.Bytryingdishesfrequently.C.Bygettingactivelyinvolved.D.Bycooperatingwithclassmates.3.Whatifaparticipantarriveanhourlate?A.He/Shehastoreportitinadvance.B.He/Shewillbeaskedtoexplainatonce.C.He/Shehastomakeupforthelosttime.D.He/Shewillbedisqualifiedfromtheclass.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是一个学习如何制作泰国菜的有趣的课程。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Highlightsoftheclass部分中的“SeehowThaishopsbyvisitingalocalmarketfirst.(先去当地的市场看看泰国人是如何购物的。)”可知，该课程的亮点是先去看看泰国人如何购物的，也就是参观一下当地的市场。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Whattoexpect部分中的“EnjoyhandsonexperienceofthesmallgroupThaicookingclass.(享受小团体泰国烹饪课的亲身体验。)”可知，该课程是亲身体验泰国烹饪课，由此可知，参与者是能过积极参与其中学习做泰国菜的。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Additionalinformation部分中的“Arrivinganhourlateresultinanoshow(失约)andtheparticipantwillnotbeabletoparticipateintherestoftheclass.(迟到一小时将导致缺席，参与者将无法参加剩余的课程。)”可知，如果迟到一小时，参与者将无法参加剩余的课程，由此可知，迟到一小时将被取消上课资格。故选D项。BWhenBelquerfirstjoinedateamtomakeabetterlivemusicexperiencefordeafandhardofhearingpeople,hewasstruckbyhowtheyhaddevelopedworkaroundstoenjoyconcerts.“Whattheyweredoingatthetimewasholdingballoonstofeelthevibrations(震动)throughtheirfingers,”Belquersaid.Hethoughttheteamcouldmakesomethingtohelphardofhearingpeopleenjoylivemusicevenmorewiththetechnologynowavailable.Belquer,whoisalsoamusicianandtheaterartist,isnowthe“ChiefVibrationalOfficer”ofMusic:NotImpossible,whichusesnewtechnologytoaddresssocialissueslikepovertyanddisabilityaccess.Histeamstartedbytyingvibratingdifferentcellphonemotorstobodies,butthatdidn’tquitework.Thevibrationswereallthesame.Eventually,theyworkedwithengineerstodevelopalighthaptic(触觉的)suitwithatotalof24vibratingplates.Thereare20ofthemtiedtoavestthatfitstightlyaroundthebodylikeahikingbackpack,plusonethattiestoeachwristandankle.Whenyouwearthesuit,it’ssurprisinghowitfeels.ThevibrationsaremixedbyahapticDJwhocontrolsthelocation,frequencyandintensityoffeelingacrossthesuits,justasamusicDJmixessoundsinanartfulway.“Whatwe’redoingisselectingandmixingwhatwewantandsendittodifferentpartsofthebody,”saidtheDJ.Thehapticsuitswerejustoneponentoftheevent.TherewereAmericanSignLanguageinterpreters;themusicwascaptionedonascreenonthestage.Thesuitsarethestarattraction.LilyLipman,whohasauditoryprocessingdisorder,litupwhenaskedaboutherexperience.“It’scool,becauseI’mneverquitesureifI’mhearingwhatotherpeoplearehearing,soit’samazingtogetthemusicinmybody.”4.WhatsurprisedBelqueraboutpeoplewithhearingproblems?A.Thewaytheyenjoyedmusic.B.Theattitudetheyheldtolife.C.Thelovetheyhadforballoons.D.Thefrequencytheyvibratedfingers.5.Whydidtheteam’sinitialattemptfail?A.Themotorswerethesame.B.Thevibrationslackedvariety.C.Themotorshardlyworked.D.Thevibrationswereirregular.6.WhatdidtheDJdo?A.Heinterpretedthesignlanguage.B.Hecaptionedthemusiconstage.C.Heselectedsuitsfortheattendees.D.Hehelpedpeoplefeelthemusic.7.WhatdoesLilyLipmanthinkofthesuit?A.forting. B.Challenging. C.Satisfying. D.Encouraging.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了音乐家兼戏剧艺术家Belquer和其团队利用现有技术制作一个套装来帮助听力障碍人士更好地享受现场音乐。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhenBelquerfirstjoinedateamtomakeabetterlivemusicexperiencefordeafandhardofhearingpeople,hewasstruckbyhowtheyhaddevelopedworkaroundstoenjoyconcerts.(当Belquer第一次加入一个为聋哑人和听力障碍人士提供更好的现场音乐体验的团队时，他对他们如何想出享受音乐会的变通方法感到震惊。)”可知，Belquer对听障人士想出的享受音乐的方法而震惊，故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Histeamstartedbytyingvibratingdifferentcellphonemotorstobodies,butthatdidn’tquitework.Thevibrationswereallthesame.(他的团队首先将不同的振动电机绑在身体上，但这并不太奏效。振动都是一样的。)”可知，他的团队最初的尝试失败了，这是因为震动都是一样的，即缺乏多样性，故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“ThevibrationsaremixedbyahapticDJwhocontrolsthelocation,frequencyandintensityoffeelingacrossthesuits,justasamusicDJmixessoundsinanartfulway.“Whatwe’redoingisselectingandmixingwhatwewantandsendittodifferentpartsofthebody,”saidtheDJ.(振动由触觉DJ混合，他控制着套装中感觉的位置、频率和强度，就像音乐DJ以巧妙的方式混合声音一样。“我们正在做的就是选择并混合我们想要的东西，并将其发送到身体的不同部位，”DJ说)”可知，DJ选择并混合想要的东西，并将其发送到身体的不同部位，以此来帮助人们感受音乐。由此可推知，DJ帮助人们感受音乐，故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中LilyLipman所说的话“It’scool,becauseI’mneverquitesureifI’mhearingwhatotherpeoplearehearing,soit’samazingtogetthemusicinmybody.(这很酷，因为我永远不确定我是否听到了其他人听到的声音，所以让音乐进入我的身体真是太棒了。)”可推知，LilyLipman对这个套装是满意的，故选C。CForsomeclimatechallenges,therearerelativelystraightforwardfixes.Forexample,renewableenergysourcescanalreadyreplacemuchoftheenergyneededtopowerbuildings,carsandmore.There’snosubstituteforfood,butshiftingwhatweeatispossible.Ifeveryoneontheplanetatevegetables,greenhousegasemissionsfromthefoodsystemcouldbecutbymorethanhalf;aplanetofvegetarianswouldreducefoodemissionsbytwothirds.Ifwestoppedconsumingconventionalfoodandreliedonalabgrownnutritionalfoodinsteadofsoilorwaterproducedfood,wecouldpreventabout1degreecentigradeoffuturewarming,accordingtoarecentpaperthatconsideredtheuniquethoughtexperiment.“Whatthisworksaysis:Hey,look,wecanstillgetprettybigwinsevenifwe’renotmakingthesereallybigchangesindietaryposition,saysClark.“Ithinkthat’sreallypowerful,becausealotofpeoplejustdon’twanttomakethosereallybigdietarychanges,formanyreasons.WhilevegetariandietsarebeingmoremonintheUSandEurope,it’sabsolutelyridiculoustoassumethateveryonewillbeeatingavegetariandiet30yearsfromnow,”hesays.Foodchoicesarepersonal,deeplyconnectedtoculture,religion,emotion,economicconcernsandsomuchmore.“Ratherthandictatehowtodo,it’smuchbettertotrytogivechoice,”saysNaglaa,afood,nutritionandenvironmentresearcheratTuftsUniversity.Thisapproachaimstoinformpeoplesothattheycanmakechoicesthatcorrespondwiththeirneedsandvalues.Asawhole,thosechoicescanbenefitbothhumanhealthandtheplanet.Forthattohappenwouldrequireworkingalongsidelargescaleeffortstoreshapeindustrialfoodproduction.“Butwhatpeoplechoosetoeatdailyisfarfrominsignificant,”saysClark.“Wedon’tallhavetobeevegetariansovernight.Smallchangescanmakebigimpacts.”8.Howdoestheauthorshowtheeffectsofdietarychanges?A.Byansweringquestions. B.Bylistingfigures.C.Byanalyzingthereasons. D.Byusingaquotation.9.What’sClark’sattitudetowardssmalldietarychanges?A.Indifferent. B.Skeptical. C.Negative. D.Favorable.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dictate”inparagraph4mean?A.Perceive. B.Refuse. C.mand. D.Describe.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowsmallchangestoourdietcanbenefittheplanetB.RenewableenergysourcescanreducegasemissionsC.SmallchangesinlifechoicescanmakebigimpactsD.Labgrownnutritionalfoodcouldpreventfuturewarming【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了气候变化的一些挑战，以及如何通过改变饮食习惯来应对这些挑战。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“There’snosubstituteforfood,butshiftingwhatweeatispossible.Ifeveryoneontheplanetatevegetables,greenhousegasemissionsfromthefoodsystemcouldbecutbymorethanhalf;aplanetofvegetarianswouldreducefoodemissionsbytwothirds.Ifwestoppedconsumingconventionalfoodandreliedonalabgrownnutritionalfoodinsteadofsoilorwaterproducedfood,wecouldpreventabout1degreecentigradeoffuturewarming,accordingtoarecentpaperthatconsideredtheuniquethoughtexperiment.(食物没有替代品，但改变我们的饮食是可能的。如果地球上的每个人都吃蔬菜，粮食系统的温室气体排放量可以减少一半以上；一个素食主义者的星球将减少三分之二的食物排放。根据最近的一篇论文，考虑到这个独特的思想实验，如果我们停止食用传统食品，依靠实验室种植的营养食品，而不是土壤或水生产的食品，我们可以防止未来约1摄氏度的变暖)”可知，作者通过列举一系列食物改变后的数据来展示饮食变化的影响。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Butwhatpeoplechoosetoeatdailyisfarfrominsignificant,”saysClark.“Wedon’tallhavetobeevegetariansovernight.Smallchangescanmakebigimpacts.”(“但是人们每天选择吃什么绝非无关紧要，”克拉克说。“我们不需要一夜之间都成为素食主义者。小的改变可以产生大的影响。”)”可知，克拉克认为小的改变可以产生大的影响，所以是支持的。故选D项。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据前文“Foodchoicesarepersonal,deeplyconnectedtoculture,religion,emotion,economicconcernsandsomuchmore.(食物选择是个人的，与文化、宗教、情感、经济问题等等密切相关)”以及后文“it’smuchbettertotrytogivechoice(不如试着给他们选择)”结合Ratherthan可知，dictate应是和后文的givechoice相对应，意思应相反，且和食物选择有关，所以推知是“与其命令怎么做，不如试着给他们选择”之意，所以dictate是“命令”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“There’snosubstituteforfood,butshiftingwhatweeatispossible.Ifeveryoneontheplanetatevegetables,greenhousegasemissionsfromthefoodsystemcouldbecutbymorethanhalf;aplanetofvegetarianswouldreducefoodemissionsbytwothirds.Ifwestoppedconsumingconventionalfoodandreliedonalabgrownnutritionalfoodinsteadofsoilorwaterproducedfood,wecouldpreventabout1degreecentigradeoffuturewarming,accordingtoarecentpaperthatconsideredtheuniquethoughtexperiment.(食物没有替代品，但改变我们的饮食是可能的。如果地球上的每个人都吃蔬菜，粮食系统的温室气体排放量可以减少一半以上；一个素食主义者的星球将减少三分之二的食物排放。根据最近的一篇论文，考虑到这个独特的思想实验，如果我们停止食用传统食品，依靠实验室种植的营养食品，而不是土壤或水生产的食品，我们可以防止未来约1摄氏度的变暖)”和最后一段““Butwhatpeoplechoosetoeatdailyisfarfrominsignificant,”saysClark.“Wedon’tallhavetobeevegetariansovernight.Smallchangescanmakebigimpacts.”(“但是人们每天选择吃什么绝非无关紧要，”克拉克说。“我们不需要一夜之间都成为素食主义者。小的改变可以产生大的影响。”)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了通过改变饮食习惯来应对气候变化，所以A项“Howsmallchangestoourdietcanbenefittheplanet(饮食上的小小改变能给地球带来多大的好处)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。DBringingspecieslikebeavers(河狸)backtoEnglandisnolongerapriority,thegovernmentsaidonFridaytocriticismfromwildlifegroups.ArecentreportshowsthatoneinsixUKspeciesareatriskofextinction.InSeptembermorethan60conservationorganisationsreportedasignificantdeclineinspeciesduetoexpansionsinfarmingandtheeffectsofclimatechange.Inrecentyears,animalsandplantshavebeenreintroducedbycharitiesaspartofeffortstorestorethecountry’sreducedbiodiversity.Despitethegovernmentallowingthis,theEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairsmitteeconcludedinJulythattherewasanabsenceoflongtermplansonhowtomanagethis.Inresponse,thegovernmenthasnowsaidthatthe”reintroductionofspeciesisnotapriority“.Thegovernmentsaiditwasfocusedonincreasingbiodiversitythroughhabitatrestoration.Thegovernment’senvironmentdepartmenthaseunderscrutiny(详细审查)fornotdoingmoretopreventsewagedumpingandotherformsofpollutioninEngland’swaterways.SirRobertGoodwill,chairofthemittee,saidhewasdisappointedwiththegovernmentresponse.Bringingbackextinctspeciesisacontroversialissuealthoughfarmersandlandownersappearbroadlysupportive,therearerisksofreintroducingnewspecies,andwithoutclearguidance,problemscouldarise.Arecentstudyshowedthatriverbarrierssimilartothosebuiltbybeaverscanprotectmunitiesatriskofflooding.ButtherehavealsobeencasesdocumentedinEuropewherebeavershavebuilttheirdamsinplacesthathavedamagedcropsandchangedrivers.JoanEdwards,directorofPolicy&PublicAffairsatTheWildlifeTrustssaid,”ReintroducingwildlifemustbepartoftheUKgovernment’sarsenal(武器)fortacklingnaturelossandclimatechangeitisastonishingthereisnostrategyfordoingso.“Thereturnofwildbeaverscanhelptorecreatelostwetlands,withaknockoneffectthatbenefitsotherwildlifeincludinginsects,invertebratesandbirds.Beaversalsoslowtheflowofwater,whichcanreducefloodriskstotownsandvillages,”shesaid.12.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Astudy. B.Adiary. C.Aguide. D.Areport.13.HowdidtheUKgovernmentplantoincreasebiodiversity?A.Byexpandingfarming. B.Byofferingguidance.C.Byrestoringhabitat. D.Bydevelopingstrategy.14.WhatdidJoanEdwardsthinkofreintroductionofwildlife?A.Itwasbeneficial. B.Itwascontroversial.C.Itwasmessy. D.Itwascostly.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesofreintroducingwildlife.B.Theresponsestoagovernmentstatement.C.Theeffectsofclimatechangeonfarming.D.Theapproachestoincreasingbiodiversity.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讨论了英国政府关于重新引入像海狸这样的物种的立场，以及这一决定受到野生动物团体批评的情况。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“ArecentreportshowsthatoneinsixUKspeciesareatriskofextinction.InSeptembermorethan60conservationorganisationsreportedasignificantdeclineinspeciesduetoexpansionsinfarmingandtheeffectsofclimatechange.(最近的一份报告显示，英国六分之一的物种面临灭绝的风险。9月，60多个保护组织报告称，由于农业的扩张和气候变化的影响，物种数量大幅下降)”以及第三段“Despitethegovernmentallowingthis,theEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairsmitteeconcludedinJulythattherewasanabsenceoflongtermplansonhowtomanagethis.(尽管政府允许这样做，但环境、食品和农村事务委员会在7月得出结论，缺乏如何管理这一问题的长期计划)”可推理出，本文来自于一个报告，故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thegovernmentsaiditwasfocusedonincreasingbiodiversitythroughhabitatrestoration(政府表示，其重点是通过栖息地恢复来增加生物多样性)”可知，英国政府计划通过恢复栖息地增加生物多样性，故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thereturnofwildbeaverscanhelptorecreatelostwetlands,withaknockoneffectthatbenefitsotherwildlifeincludinginsects,invertebratesandbirds.Beaversalsoslowtheflowofwater,whichcanreducefloodriskstotownsandvillages(野生海狸的回归有助于重建失去的湿地，并产生连锁反应，使包括昆虫、无脊椎动物和鸟类在内的其他野生动物受益。海狸还减缓了水流，这可以降低城镇和村庄的洪水风险)”可推理出，琼·爱德华兹认为野生动物的重新引入是有益的，故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Bringingspecieslikebeavers(河狸)backtoEnglandisnolongerapriority,thegovernmentsaidonFridaytocriticismfromwildlifegroups.(周五，英国政府表示，将海狸等物种带回英国不再是当务之急，这遭到了野生动物组织的批评)”、第四段“Thegovernmentsaiditwasfocusedonincreasingbiodiversitythroughhabitatrestoration(政府表示，其重点是通过栖息地恢复来增加生物多样性)”以及最后一段“Thereturnofwildbeaverscanhelptorecreatelostwetlands,withaknockoneffectthatbenefitsotherwildlifeincludinginsects,invertebratesandbirds.Beaversalsoslowtheflowofwater,whichcanreducefloodriskstotownsandvillages(野生海狸的回归有助于重建失去的湿地，并产生连锁反应，使包括昆虫、无脊椎动物和鸟类在内的其他野生动物受益。海狸还减缓了水流，这可以降低城镇和村庄的洪水风险)”推理出，本文主要围绕着英国政府最近的声明，即重新引入海狸等物种不是优先事项，以及野生动物团体、保护组织和罗伯特·古德利爵士和琼·爱德华兹等关键人物随后的反应。它讨论了政府对通过栖息地恢复而不是重新引入物种来增加生物多样性的立场，并强调了对此事的不同意见，包括重新引入的好处和潜在风险，以及缺乏明确的管理战略，所以本文主要说的是对政府声明的反应，故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Amongallthedifferentemergencies,thefireaccidentisthemostcriticaloneforwhichyoushouldplan.____16____.Youshouldplanmultipleescaperoutesandkeepfirefightingequipmenthandyincasethereisafire.Besides,youshouldknowwhatactionsshouldbetaken.Herearesometipsforyou.Knowyourwayout.Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddowhenthereisafireistogooutofyourhomeortheofficespacesafely.Thatmeansyouneedtoknowthesafepassagesbeforetheaccidentstakeplace.Itisbettertoknowaboutmorethanonesafepath.____17____Checkthedoors.Placethebackofyourhandagainstthetopandsidesofthedoor,doorknob,andthecrack(缝隙)betweenthedooranddoorframe.____18____.Ifsmokeandheatenter,keepthedoorclosed.____19____.Ifyourescaperouteisfilledwithsmoke,youshouldtrytostaylowtothegroundtoavoidit.Theairaroundthegroundisfilledwithlessamountofpoisonousfumes(烟气).Remember,duringafireincident,morepeopledieofsmokeinhalationthanfromburns.Callforhelp.Ifyouarestucksomewhereandcan’tseeanywaytoescape,don’thesitatetocallforhelp.____20____Youcanalsocallthepoliceorthefiresafetydepartmentforhelpusingyourmobile.Whilewaiting,usetowels,clothes,orsheetsunderthedoororinthewindowstokeepthesmokeout.A.StaylowB.TrytofindanopeningandsignalforhelpC.Actually,planningisthebasisoffiresafetyD.DonotopenthedoorifitfeelshottothetouchE.Thethreethingsafireneedsareheat,fuelandoxygenF.ThenyoucanchoosetoclosethedoorwhenthefirehappensG.Inthisway,ifthefirestopsonepath,youcantrytheotherone【答案】16.C17.G18.D19.A20.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种如何在火灾时采取行动的建议。【16题详解】上文“Amongallthedifferentemergencies,thefireaccidentisthemostcriticaloneforwhichyoushouldplan.(在所有不同的紧急情况中，火灾事故是最重要的，你应该计划。)”和C项“实际上，计划是消防安全的基础”构成内容上的承接，说明火灾事故很重要人们应该提前计划，因为计划是消防安全的基础。故选C项。【17题详解】上文“Itisbettertoknowaboutmorethanonesafepath.(最好知道不止一条安全的路径)”和G项“这样，如果火灾阻断了一条路，你可以尝试另一条路”构成因果关系，说明最好知道不止一条安全的路径的原因是如果火灾阻断了一条路，你可以尝试另一条路逃生。故选G项。【18题详解】上文“Checkthedoors.Placethebackofyourhandagainstthetopandsidesofthedoor,doorknob,andthecrack(缝隙)betweenthedooranddoorframe.(检查一下门。将手背放在门的顶部和侧面、门把手以及门和门框之间的裂缝(上)。”和D项“如果门摸起来很烫，不要打开”构成内容上的承接，指出检查门的具体步骤是将手背放在门的顶部和侧面、门把手以及门和门框之间的裂缝上，如果烫手就不要打开门。故选D项。【19题详解】下文“Ifyourescaperouteisfilledwithsmoke,youshouldtrytostaylowtothegroundtoavoidit.(如果你的逃生路线充满了烟雾，你应该尽量保持较低的距离以避开烟雾。)”是对A项“维持在低水平”内容的解释说明，解释了在火灾时维持在低水平的原因，A项也是对整段内容的概括总结，是本段的小标题。故选A项。【20题详解】上文“Ifyouarestucksomewhereandcan’tseeanywaytoescape,don’thesitatetocallforhelp.(如果你被困在某个地方，看不到任何逃跑的方法，不要犹豫，打求助。)”说明当被困又找不到任何逃跑的方法时可以打求助，和B项“试着找到一个开放并有信号的地方求救”构成内容上的承接，是对打求助内容的补充说明。故选B项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MywifeandIdon’tusuallykeephouseplants.Butaftermydiagnosiswithacancer,Ilovedtheideaofhavingsomethingnewand____21____around.MyfriendMitchgavemewhathesaidwasaluckybambooplantinadeepgreenflowerpot.Weplacedthe____22____inthelivingroomwindowacrossfromthecouchwhereIspentmuchoftheday.ItoldmywifeIwantedto____23____theplantmyself.Ifitdidn’timmediatelyturnyelloworloseallitsleaves,Iwaspleasantly____24____Tendingtotheplantgavemeasenseof____25____whenIsometimesfeltuseless.Asthecancerinfluencedthemovementofmylegs,itlimitedmyabilityto____26____,andthetreatmentleftmetired,makingit____27____formetofinisheverydaytasks.Asafamilyphysician,Iwasusedtobeingtheonewhoprovidedcare,nottheonewho____28____it.Sincemyillness,Ihadtorelyon____29____fromotherpeople.Thebigchangeleftmefeelinguneasy.Wateringtheplant,assmalla(n)____30____asitwas,connectedmetoacorepartofmyoldidentityand____31____meIcouldstillbeahelpfulperson.Overthenextfewmonths,Irecoveredfromsurgery.EvenafterIreturnedtowork,I____32____tocarefortheplant.Ibegantolookthroughonlinetipstohelpmefigureouthowtobettercareformyplant.Followingthe____33____,Itransplantedtheplanttoalargerpot,unlockingitsrootstogiveitmore____34____togrow.Whenitwasbackinthesunnywindow,webothbegantogrowuphealthyandstrongagain.Iregardeditasmyluckandchangedmyself____35____.21.A.red B.yellow C.white D.green22.A.photo B.plant C.painting D.Box23.A.sellout B.chatwith C.carefor D.makeup24.A.surprised B.depressed C.nervous D.confused25.A.failure B.sorrow C.excitement D.achievement26.A.walk B.observe C.express D.catch27.A.rewarding B.possible C.tough D.clear28.A.enjoyed B.lost C.refused D.received29.A.advice B.agreement C.assistance D.visit30.A.problem B.act C.idea D.invention31.A.hoped B.reminded C.helped D.saved32.A.stopped B.guaranteed C.hesitated D.continued33.A.instructions B.stories C.pictures D.theories34.A.time B.confidence C.room D.freedom35.A.occasionally B.pletely C.immediately D.rarely【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.D26.A27.C28.D29.C30.B31.B32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一名医生，以前一直照顾别人，但是作者患癌后，一直由别人照顾自己，这让作者觉得自己一无是处。后来作者养了一株幸运竹，在照顾幸运竹的过程中，让作者找到了照顾别人的这种成就感，找到了自己的价值。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在我被诊断出患有癌症后，我喜欢周围有一些新的、绿色的东西的想法。A.red红色的；B.yellow黄色的；C.white白色的；D.green绿色的。由下文“MyfriendMitchgavemewhathesaidwasaluckybambooplantinadeepgreenflowerpot.”可知，作者的朋友送给作者一棵长在绿色花盆里的幸运竹，结合常识可知，幸运竹是绿色的，且花盆也是绿色的，这说明这是作者喜欢的颜色。故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们把植物放在客厅的窗户上，沙发对面，我在那里度过了大部分时间。A.photo照片；B.plant植物；C.painting绘画；D.box箱子。上文“MyfriendMitchgavemewhathesaidwasaluckybambooplantinadeepgreenflowerpot.”朋友送给作者一株叫作幸运竹的植物可知，此处指把这株植物放在客厅的窗户上，故选B。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我告诉我的妻子我想自己照顾这棵植物。A.sellout卖光；B.chatwith和……交谈；C.carefor照顾；D.makeup弥补。由下文“Tendingtotheplantgavemeasenseof_______whenIsometimesfeltuseless.”可知，是由作者来照顾这棵植物的，故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果它没有立即变黄或失去所有叶子，我会感到惊喜。A.surprised惊讶的；B.depressed沮丧的；C.nervous紧张的；D.confused困惑的。根据上文“Ifitdidn’timmediatelyturnyelloworloseallitsleaves,”可知，看到这棵植物没有变黄或失去所有叶子，作者会感到惊喜，故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我有时觉得自己一无是处时，照顾这种植物给了我一种成就感。A.failure失败；B.sorrow痛苦；C.excitement兴奋；D.achievement成就。由下文“whenIsometimesfeltuseless.”和上文提到的作者自己照顾这棵植物可知，在作者觉得自己一无是处时，照顾这棵植物让他觉得很有成就感，故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于癌症影响了我腿部的运动，限制了我行走的能力，治疗让我感到疲倦，使我很难完成日常任务。A.walk走路；B.observe观察；C.express表达；D.catch捉住。由上文“Asthecancerinfluencedthemovementofmylegs”可知，癌症影响了作者腿部的运动，由此可知，限制了他行走的能力，故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于癌症影响了我腿部的运动，限制了我行走的能力，治疗让我感到疲倦，使我很难完成日常任务。A.rewarding有意义的；B.possible可能的；C.tough艰难的；D.clear清楚的。根据上文“thetreatmentleftmetired,”可知，治疗让作者感到疲倦，所以很难完成日常任务，故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名家庭医生，我习惯于成为提供护理的人，而不是接受护理的人。A.enjoyed喜欢；B.lost丢失；C.refused拒绝；D.received收到。由上文“Asafamilyphysician,Iwasusedtobeingtheonewhoprovidedcare,nottheonewho”可知，作者是一名医生，经常照顾别人，所以不习惯接受别人的照顾，故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从我生病以来，我不得不依靠别人的帮助。A.advice建议；B.agreement同意；C.assistance帮助；D.visit参观。由上文“Sincemyillness”以及上文提到的癌症影响了作者腿部的运动，限制了他行走的能力，且治疗让作者感到疲倦，所以很难完成日常任务，由此可知，他需要别人的帮助，故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：给植物浇水，虽然是一个小小的举动，却将我与我旧身份的核心