（福建专用）高考英语一轮复习 课时规范练38 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 新人教选修8-新人教高三选修8英语试题

Unit3InventorsandinventionsⅠ.阅读理解(2018·福建福州八县一中第二次月考)ThreeChileanstudentsgottheideaforaplant-powereddevicetochargetheircellphones,whilesittingintheirschool’soutdoorcourtyardduringabreakfromexams,withdeadmobilephones.Then,oneofthemhadan“aha”moment.“ItoccurredtoCamilatosayaboutplants,”saidinventorEvelynAravena.“Therearesomanyplantsandlivingthingsthathavethepotentialtoproduceenergy;whydon’ttheyhaveachargingoutlet?”Theirinvention—asmallbiologicalcircuit(生物电路板)calledE-Kaia—takesadvantageoftheenergyplantsproduceduringphotosynthesis(光合作用).Aplantusesonlyasmallamountofthatenergy—therestgoesintothesoil,andthat’swheretheE-Kaiacollectsit.Thedeviceliterallyplugsintothegroundandthenintoyourphone.“Theybroughttheprototype;theprototypeworked—andthat’swhenitallchanged.It’sthemostamazingprojectI’veeverseeninmylife,plainandsimple,butitwastransformational.AndIbegantosupportthem,”saidMauricioCifuentesofDuocUniversity.Thedevicesolvedtwoproblemsfortheengineeringstudents—theyneededanideaforaclassprojectandanoutlettoplugintheirphones.“Lookingforaplacetochargethemobilephonesandthenotebookthathadnoenergy,weweren’tabletofindanythingbecausealltheotherstudentswereinthesamestateofmadnesstryingtofindaplacetochargetheirdevices,”saidAravena.Butplantsareeverywhere,andthebiologicalcircuitusestheirexcesspower.“Thereisacompleteenergycycleoftheplant.Wedecidedtoincorporateintothecycle,andthenwewouldnotaffecttheplant’sgrowth.Thebiologicalcircuitmakesanacquisitionandthatistransformedintoenergytolatermakechargesforlowconsumption,”saidinventorCamilaRupcich.TheE-Kaiadoesn’tcarrymuchcharge,butit’spowerfulenoughtocompletelyrechargeamobilephoneinlessthantwohours.Thestudentinventorshaveappliedforpatentontheirtechnology,andexpecttheE-KaiatogoonsaleinDecember.1.Accordingtothetext,theE-Kaia.

A.shouldbeputintoamobilephoneB.mayslightlyaffecttheplant’sgrowthC.collectstheenergyplantsproducefromthesoilD.consumesseveralhourstochargeamobilephone2.Theunderlinedword“prototype”inPara.4canbereplacedby“”.

A.originalmodel B.outdoorplantC.mobilephone D.keyconcept3.Theinventionoftheplant-powereddeviceshowsthat.

A.goodthingsrequiretime B.wisdomisbetterthanstrengthC.necessityisthemotherofinventionD.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Photosynthesisbringsplantsenergy.B.Thereareefficientwaystochargephones.C.Theenergycycleoftheplantisquitepowerful.D.Chileanstudentsfindagreenwaytochargephones.〚导学号23280152〛Ⅱ.七选五阅读Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.1Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.

Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.2Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”

3Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample.Let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”

Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.4Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”5However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.

A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.〚导学号23280153〛Ⅲ.短文改错(2018·福建福州八县一中第二次月考)Inordertobesuccessful,youshouldfirstofallnevergiveupwhateverhappen.Ifyoufail,youshouldneverloseheart.Inthecontrary,youmustbuildupyourconfidenceorworkevenharder.Youshouldalwaysrememberthatworkinghardwasthekeytosuccess.Besides,youshouldpayagreatattentiontoyourworkingmethods.Thatisnecessaryforyoutotakeeverychanceimprovethem.Finally,youshouldtrytogetalongwellwithyourco-workers,caredforeachotherandhelpingeachother.Ifyoufollowtheserule,youwillcertainachievegreatsuccessinthefuture.〚导学号23280154〛答案：Ⅰ.【解题导语】本文为说明文,题材为日常生活类。家中绿植的作用不再只是美化环境:如今,家中的绿植还可以用来给手机充电。1.C细节理解题。由第三段的第二、三句可知,植物只能使用一小部分通过光合作用产生的能量,剩余的能量会进入土壤中,而E-Kaia正是从土壤中收集能量。2.A词义猜测题。由画线词前后的brought和worked以及最后—段的“togoonsaleinDecember”可推知,它指的是这种还未进行销售的植物充电的“原型样品(originalmodel)”。3.C推理判断题。由第一段可知,发明者之一是在带着没电的手机坐在户外时突发奇想得到的这个灵感,由第五、六段可知,学生们经常找不到可以给手机或者笔记本充电的地方,故“需要是发明之母”最合适。4.D主旨大意题。文章首句为中心句,开门见山地讲述了智利学生发明了一种可以给手机充电的绿色装置。Ⅱ.【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了设置密码的重要性和必要性、密码的历史、隐藏信息的方式以及密码本的重要性。1.D根据下文出现的Codebreaking可知,此处介绍的是破译密码的内容,因此选择D项“只要有密码存在,人们就试图破译它”。2.E根据下文举出的例子可知,此处介绍的是隐藏信息的方式之一:把信息隐藏在每一个单词的首字母中,然后把首字母拼在一起,信息就出来了。3.G根据下文举出的例子可知,此处介绍的是隐藏信息的另一种方式:用符号或数字代替特定的字母。4.F根据上文出现的acodebook以及下文列举的例子可知,此处说明,用一本密码本,你可以写下代表其他单词的词语。5.A根据下文出现的alsohard以及acodebook可知,此处想要说明的是,没有密码本想要破解密码是很困难的。Ⅲ.Inordertobesuccessful,youshouldfirstofallnevergiveupwhateverhappenhappens.Ifyoufail,youshouldneverloseheart.InOnthecontrary,youmustbuildupyourconfidenceorandworkevenharder.Youshouldalwaysrememberthatworkinghardwasagreatattentiontoyourworkingmethods.ThatItisnecessaryforyoutotakeeverychance∧toimprovethem.Finally,youshouldtrytogetalongwellwithy