（福建专用）高考英语总复习 课时规范练37 Unit 22 Environmental Protection 北师大选修8-北师大高三选修8英语试题

Unit22EnvironmentalProtection(35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·吉林长春二模)Foodproductiondoesgreatharmtoourenvironment.Therearemanyproceduresinvolvedinthemanufactureoffoodthatresultingreenhousegasesandotherpollutants.Someproceduresrequiretheconsumptionoflargeamountsoffossilfuels,suchasthetransportationandstorageoffoodproducts.Otherfactorsthatcausegreatdamagetoourenvironmentincludetheoveruseoffreshwater.Theproductionofbeefismoredamagingtotheenvironmentthanthatofanyotherfoodweconsumeasraisinglargenumbersofcattlerequirestheproductionoflargeamountsoffoodfortheanimals.It’sestimatedthatproducingonepoundofbeefrequiressevenpoundsoffeed.Landuseisalsoaproblem.Ifthecattlearefree-rangecattle,largeareasoflandarerequiredforthemtoliveon.Thishasledtodisastrousforestcuttingandthelossofrareplantsandanimalspecies,particularlyintropicalrainforestsinCentralandSouthAmerica.Anotherproblemspecifictobeefproductionismethaneemissions(甲烷排放).Althoughmanypeopleareawareofthedamagingeffectsofcarbondioxide,theydon’trealizemethane’sglobalwarmingpotentialis25timesworse,makingitamoredireproblem.Unfortunately,beefconsumptionisgrowingrapidly.Thisistheresultofsimplesupplyanddemandfactors.Specifically,therearetwomaincausesofdemandthatareencouragingtheproductionofmoresupply.First,theincreaseintheworldpopulationmeanstherearemorepeopletoconsumemeat.Thesecondfactorissocioeconomicadvancement.Ascitizensindevelopingnationsbecomefinanciallystable,theycanaffordtobuymoremeat.Therefore,onewaytoreducethegreenhousegasemissionsisforpeoplearoundtheworldtosignificantlycutdownontheamountofbeeftheyeat.1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Raisingfree-rangecattleiseco-friendly.B.Peoplecutdowntreesforanimalhabitats.C.Producingbeefcandamagetheenvironment.D.Carbondioxidecausesfarmoreharmthanmethane.2.Theunderlinedword“dire”inparagraph4means.

A.urgentB.commonC.typical D.avoidable3.Beefproductionisgrowingrapidlybecause.

A.morepeopleareindemandofbeefB.developingcountriesraisemorecattleC.morelandisavailabletoraisecattleD.thecostofraisingcattleisrelativelylow4.Theauthorwritesthisarticleto.

A.describetheboomingofthebeefproductionB.emphasizetheadvantagesofbeefproductionC.condemnthedeforestationoftherainforestD.argueforadecreaseinbeefconsumptionB(2017·安徽蚌埠质检)Withalarmingregularity,wereadaboutoiltankers(油轮)havingaccidentsnearlandandtheterribleconsequencesoftheoilspills(泄露)onpeople,nature,andtheenvironment.Millionsofdollarshavebeenusedindevelopingspecialchemicalstohelpdismissthespillsandtocleanuptheanimals,beaches,andlandspoiledbytheoil.Unfortunately,whenmanyofthesechemicalsareused,moredamageiscausedtotheenvironment,especiallytolivesinthesea.Ofalloftoday’senvironmentaldisasters,anoilspillmayactuallybeoneoftheleastserious.Althoughoilispoisonous,itisanaturalmaterial.Intheend,itbreaksdownnaturally.Thereare,ofcourse,long-termeffects,butitisusuallymoreseriousintheshortterm.Naturebyitselfworksbetterthanchemicalmaterials,butwhenthereisaspillwedemandthatgovernmentsactimmediatelywithasmuchhi-techknowledgeaspossible.In1967thetankerTorreyCanyonsankofftheSicilyIslesnearthecoastofEnglandandspilled120,000tonesofoilintotheocean.Ifyougotheretoday,youwillfindithardtoseeanysignthatiteverhappened.Governmentsseemtoaccepttheriskoftransportingmillionsoftonsofoilbyshipeverydaysothatwecanfillupourcarsanddrivearoundandcauseevenmoreenvironmentaldamage.Interestingly,thebiggestcompaniesintheworldproducecars,andthenextbiggestsupplythegasolinetomakethemrun!Weshouldbethinkingmoreaboutreducingourdependencyonoil.Governmentsshouldbeencouragingresearchintonewtechnologies,suchascarsrunbysolarpower,electricity,hydrogen,andsoon.Muchofthisresearchhas,inthepast,beenheldbackbytheoil,gas,andcoal.Iftheworld’smillionsofcarswere10%moreefficient—andtheindustrycouldeasilyproducecarsatleasttwiceasefficient—wewouldneedmanyfewertankerscrossingtheoceanseachyear.Ifthishappened,therisksofoilspillswouldbereduced,andtheairwebreathewouldbecleanerandfresher,too.5.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?A.Oilspillspollution.B.Whatoilpollutionis.C.Oiltankeraccidents.D.Howtoreduceoilpollution.6.Howdoestheauthorsupporttheideathatoilspillsarenotasseriousaspeoplebelieve?A.Byhavingadiscussion.B.Bymakinganargument.C.Bygivinganexample.D.Bydrawingadiagram.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“risk”inparagraph5referto?A.Transportationdependingmoreonoil.B.Poisonousoilbreakingdownnaturally.C.Millionsoftonsofoilspillingintothesea.D.Moreenvironmentaldamagebeingcaused.8.Whichsuggestionismadeforreducingoiltankaccidentsaccordingtothepassage?A.Weshouldbuildsaferoiltankersinthenearfuture.B.Weshoulddevelopnewtechnologiestocutoiluse.C.Tankersshouldnotbeallowedtosailnearthecoastlines.D.Countriesshouldbuildmoreoilpipelinesunderthesea.〚导学号07020067〛Ⅱ.七选五(2018·山西运城期中)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Campingwithoutacampfireisnotcampingatall.Late-nightconversationsandgamesaroundthecampfireareessentialforapleasantcampingexperience.However,yououghttobeawareofthefactthatcampingwithacampfireisnotallaboutfun.1Ifyouareplanningtosetupacampfire,orifyouareplanningtocookduringcamping,youshouldremembersomefiresafetytips.

Chooseacampsitewhichhasacampfirepit(深坑).2Ifthereisnofirepit,setupyourown.However,youshouldbecarefulnottoplacethefirepitnearyourcampingtent.Whenyousetupacampfire,makesurethatyouputthecampfirematerialsintherightorder.Thiscanhelpyoumakesurethattherewillbenoflyingdebris(碎片)onceyoulightyourfire.Putthelightmaterialsfirstsuchaspaperordryleaves.3Finally,makesurethatyouplacestonesaroundthecampfirepit.Neverburnplasticsorotherpoisonousmaterials,whichwilldisturbyourneighboringcampgroundguests.Itwillalsosignificantlypollutetheairandpromotetheriskoffirespreads.4Useitonlywhenalltheotherfire-makingoptionsfail.

5Beforeyouleaveyourcampsiteorbeforeyougotobed,makesurethatyourcampfireiscompletelyout.Leavingfireunattendedrunshighrisksofforestfiresandthelike.

A.Then,putthewood.B.Campingcangiveyoualotoffreedom.C.Itneedsacertaindegreeofresponsibility.D.Onetraditionalcampactivityismakingthecampfire.E.Thiswillensurethatyouwillbecapableofcontrollingyourcampfire.F.Onceyourcampfireissetup,donotleavetheflameunattended.G.Donotusepetroleverytimeyouattempttolightyourcampfire.〚导学号07020068〛Ⅲ.短文改错(2017·安徽六安一中月考)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下面画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Ladiesandgentlemen,It’smyhonortogiveaspeechhere.After-classactivitiesplayaimportantpartinourschoollife.Properactivitieshelpenrichourlives,broadenourhorizonsordevelopourpersonalities.Mineownexperiencecanserveasacase.WhenIwasinSeniorOne,Ibecomeamemberofourdramaclub,thatIusedtovisitonweekends.Becausemyparticipationinvariousactivitiesorganisingbytheclub,Ihaveachievedalot.Theseactivitiesbringmealotoffuns,providemewithgoodopportunitiestodevelopnewfriendshipsandopenawindowthroughwhichIhaveabrand-newoutlook.Withsomuchadvantagesshownabove,whynottojoinusatonce?答案：Ⅰ.A【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。食品加工业对我们的环境有害。文章以牛肉的生产过程为例加以阐述,来说明此观点。并呼吁人们减少牛肉消耗,从而保护环境。1.C推理判断题。根据第二段“Theproductionofbeefismoredamagingtotheenvironmentthanthatofanyotherfoodweconsume...”可知,牛肉加工会破坏环境。2.A词义猜测题。由第三段可知,牛体内的某些微生物在进行所谓的甲烷生成过程中会产生大量的甲烷,甲烷的危害是二氧化碳危害的25倍多,因此这个问题需要大家予以更加“急切的”关注。dire和urgent意义相近。3.A细节理解题。由第五段“Thisistheresultofsimplesupplyanddemandfactors.”可知,牛肉加工业迅速发展是因为供需关系而导致的,更多的人需要牛肉。4.D写作意图题。由文章最后一段,尤其是其中的“cutdownontheamountofbeeftheyeat”可知,本文写作目的是呼吁