九年级英语英语复合句复习课件

ReviewofcompoundsentencesinninthgradeEnglish目录ThedefinitionandclassificationofcompoundsensesCompoundcomplexpresenceSubordinatecompositeAttributiveclauseAdverbialclause01ThedefinitionandclassificationofcompoundsensesCoordinatingconnectionsincludewordslike"and,""but,""or,"and"year."Acompoundpresenceisapresencethatcontainstwoormoreindependentclaims,connectedbyacoordinatingconnectionorasemiconductorIndependentclaimsarecompletesensesthatcanstandaloneDefinitionofcompoundsensesSimplecompoundsentence01ContainstwoormoreindependentclausesconnectedbyacoordinatingconnectionComplexcompoundsentence02ContainsanindependentclauseandasubsidiaryclauseconnectedbyacoordinatingjunctionCompoundcompoundpresence03ContainstwoormoreindependentclausesandoneormoreadjacentclausesconnectedbyasemiconductororacoordinatingjunctionClassificationofcompoundsenses02CompoundcomplexpresenceTheseareusedtolinktwoormoreindependentclaimsthatareofequalimportanceExample:"Iliketoreadbooks,butmybrotherpreferenceswatchingTV."CoordinatingconnectionsTheseareusedtolinktwoormorewordsorgroupsofwordsthathaveasimilarmeaningorfunctionExample:"Notonly...butalso..."RelatedconnectionsThetypesofcoordinatedconnectionsThistechnologyinvolvesfindinganequivalentwordorphraseinthetargetlanguagetoexpressthesamemeaningasinthesourcelanguageExample:"Thecatisblackandwhite."canbetranslatedas"Elgatoesnegroyblanco."EquivalenttranslationThistechnologyinvolvesrephrasingthepresenceinadifferentwaybutstillmaintainingthesamemeaningExample:"Thecatisnotonlyblackbutalsowhite."canbetranslatedas"ElgatonosóloesnegrosinotambiénBlanco."ParaphrasingTranslationTechniquesforParallelSentences03SubordinatecompositeAsubjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasthesubjectofthemainclauseIttypicallycomesbeforethemainverbandexpressesthesubjectmatterofthepresenceAsubjectclausecanbeintroducedbyavarietyofsubcoordinatingconnections,suchas"because,""since,""when,"or"where."ThesubjectclausecanbeeitherfineornonfineAfinesubjectclausehasasubjectandafineverb,whileanonfinesubjectclauselakesasubjectorhasanonfineverbSubjectclause01AnobjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsastheobjectofthemainclauseIttypicallyfollowsthemainverbandexpressesthedirectorindirectobjectofthepresence02Anobjectclausecanbeintroducedbyavarietyofsuborderingconnections,suchas"that,""which,""who,"or"who."03TheobjectclausecanbeeitherfineornonfineAfineobjectclaimhasasubjectandafineverb,whileanonfineobjectclaimlakeshaveasubjectorhasanonfineverbObjectclauseApredictiveclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasthepredictivecompletionofthemainclauseIttypicallyfollowsthesubjectandexpressesthepremiseofthepresence,providingadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectApredictiveclausecanbeintroducedbyavarietyofsuborderingconnections,suchas"that,""which,"or"when."ThepredictiveclausecanbeeitherfineornonfineAfinepredictiveclausehasasubjectandafineverb,whileanonfinepredictiveclauselakesasubjectorhasanonfineverb010203PredictiveClause04AttributiveclauseAnattributiveclauseisagroupofwordsthatmodifiesanounorpronounbyprovidingadditionalinformationaboutit.Itisintroducedbyarelativepronoun(who,which,that)orbyaposition(who)Anexampleofanattributiveclauseis:"Thebook(that)Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting."Inthissentence,theclause"thatIborrowedfromthelibrary"modifiesthenoun"book"toprovidemorespecificinformationaboutwhichbookthespeakerisreferringtoThedefinitionofattributeclausesClassificationofrelevantclausesTherearetwotypesofrelatedclauses:definingandnondefiningAdefiningrelativeclauseisessentialtothemeaningofthepresenceandcannotberemovedwithoutchangingthemeaningAnondefiningrelativeclauseprovidesadditionalinformationthatisnotnecessaryforthebasicmeaningofthesentenceAnexampleofadefiningrelativeclauseis:"Thestudent(who)won'tthepriceisfromChina."Inthissense,thedefiningrelativeclause"whowon'ttheprice"isnecessarytoidentifywhichstudentthespeakerisreferringtoAnexampleofanondefiningrelativeclauseis:"Thestudent,(who)Imetyesterday,isfromChina."Inthissentence,thenondefiningrelativeclause"whoImetyesterday"providesadditionalinformationaboutthestudentbutisnotessentialtothebasicmeaningofthesentenceTranslationtechniquesforrelevantclausesWhentranslatingEnglishrelatedclausesintoChinese,itisimportanttomaintaintheoriginalmeaningandstructureasmanyaspossibleHowever,therearesomedifferencesinlanguageusageandgrammarbetweenEnglishandChinesethatmayrequiresomeflexibilityintranslationForexample,inEnglish,relevantclausesoftencomebeforethenountheymodify,whileinChinese,theytendtocomeafterthenounTherefore,whentranslatingEnglishrelatedclausesintoChinese,itmaybenecessarytoreconciletheorderofthewordstomaintaintheoriginalmeaningandflowofthesentenceAnothertranslationtechniqueforrelevantclausesinvolvingdifferentgraphicalstructuresinChinesetoaccommodatethesamemeaningasinEnglishForexample,insteadofusingarelativeclausewith"who"or"which"inEnglish,Chinesemayuseasuborderclausestructurewith"v+o"(verb+object)or"p+o"(position+object)toexpressthesameidea05AdverbialclauseAsuborderclausethatfunctionsasanadvocate,modifyingaverb,anobjective,oranotheradvocateItprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthemann,time,place,orconditionunderwhichtheactionofthemainclausetakesplaceItcanbeidentifiedbythesubcoordinatingconnectionintroducingitAdverbialclause0102TimeClaimsDescribethetimewhentheactioninthemainclausetakesplaceExample:"WhenIwasyoung,Ilovedtoreadbooks."PlaceClaimsIndicatethelocationwheretheactioninthemainclauseoccursExample:"Shefoundherkeyswhereshehadleftthem."MannerClaimsDescribethewayinwhichtheactioninthemainclauseisdoneExample:"Hedidhishomeworkcarefully."ResultClaimsStatetheresultoftheactioninthemainclauseExample:"Hestudiedhard,sohepassedtheexam."CauseCasesStatethereasonwhytheactioninthemainclauseisdon