选择性Unit5LaunchingYourCareer基础知识单元语法（长难句分析）（教师版）

【人教版2019】选择性必修第四册Unit5LaunchingYourCareer基础知识+单元语法（长难句分析）【课前检查】一、单句语法填空1.LiZhangyu,bornwith___________(disable),becamethechampionoftheParalympics,whichwasveryhonourable.2.Iresigned___________theforeignpanyinordertotakeamorechallengingjob.3.Derartuisanoutstandingathleteanddeserved___________(win)inthelastgame.4.Thereisnodoubt___________intheInternetera,onemustgetagoodmandofputerskillstobesuccessfulingettingagoodjob.5.Whilethereareeconomiclimits,ourdreamis___________(find)acureforHIVinfection.6.Sometimes,Iregretnot___________(make)betteruseoftimethathasgoneby.7.Whiletherearemanyadvantagesofhavingapet,somepeoplemaybeallergic___________pets.8.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,from___________kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.9.Educationshouldbeauniversalrightandnot___________privilege.10.The_________(shade)areasoftheplansshowwherethehouseswillbebuilt.Keys:1.disabilities2.from3.towin4.that5.tofind6.making7.tobeallergicto...意为“对……过敏”,故填to。8.where9.aprivilege意为“特殊利益”,是可数名词,且此处是泛指。10.shaded二、语法填空Oneday,Iwasfortablywaitingformyflightwithagoodbooktoreadwhen1.________elderlyladywaswheeledtoourwaitingarea.Inoticedthetroubleshewashaving2.________(try)toopenapacketofnutswithhershakinghands.Nooneelsewaswillingtomeethergaze(目光),soI3.________(offer)tohelp.Theladywasverygrateful.Wesatandchatted.Thetimecametoboardtheplane.Shecouldwalkbutneededsome4.________(assist),soIvolunteeredtohelpherandcarryherbag.AsIhelpedherget5.________(settle),Inoticedher“seatmate”,abusinessman,lookedabithorrifiedathavingtomaketheflightwithher.Heofferedtochange6.________(seat)withme—andIagreed.Wehadalongchat.Aswewereenteringanothercountryweneededtofilloutforms.Iofferedtofill7.________(her)outbecauseofhershakinghands.WelandedandIneededtochangeplanes,butIhelpedherfirst.Thewheelchairsheorderedwasnowheretobeseensoweslowlywalkedtothegate8.________herdaughterwaswaiting.Asaresult,Ihadtoruntocatchmyconnectionbut,asIthoughtabouttheexperience,Isawher9.________myairportangel,achanceformetohopethatinthefuturewhenI'minmyeightiesandtraveling,someonewilltakethetime10.________(connect)withme.Keys:1.an2.trying3.offered4.assistance5.settled6.seats7.hers8.where9.as10.toconnect【问题查找】单句语法填空1.Icanspy________myneighboursthroughthiswindowwithoutbeingseen.2.The________(law)claimsthattheaccusedwasnotguilty.3.Atthattimehisfatherwasheavily________debt.4.They________(accuse)ofgivingoutstatesecretsandweresentencedtojail.5.Fromwhatissaidabove，wecandrawa________(conclude).6.Shewasnotusedto________(mix)withpeopleofhighsocialrank.7.Thereceptionistattended________thesickaccountantwithcare.Keys:1.on2.lawyer3.in4.wereaccused5.conclusion6.mixing7.to【要点精讲】【重点单词】1.bouncev.(使)弹起；反射；试探地透露(主意)；蹦；颠动n.弹跳；跳动；弹性；反弹力；活力；精力【原句复现】Somepeopleknowwhattheywanttodofromayoungage，butmanyothersjusthaveafewideasbouncingaroundintheirheads.有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。[一词多义]写出下列句子中bounce的汉语意思(1)Theballbouncedtwicebeforehecouldreachit._______________(2)Hebouncedhisideasoffcolleagueseverywherehewent._______________(3)Yourarmsandlegsneedprotectionfromlightbouncingoffglass._______________(4)Patsyhadpickedupthebabyandwasbouncinghimonherknee._______________Keys:(1)弹跳，弹起(2)试探地透露(主意)3.反射4.颠动【归纳拓展】bouncearound蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去bounceback恢复健康(或信心等)；重整旗鼓bouncesb.intosth.追逼(或催逼)别人做某事bouncesth.offsb.向某人透露某事【即学即练】(1)He’shadalotofproblems，buthealwaysseemstobounce_______________prettyquickly.他遭遇过很多挫折，但他似乎总能很快地振作起来。(2)Theproblemoftrafficjambouncedthecityadministration_______________correspondingmeasures.交通堵塞问题迫使城市管理部门作出相应的措施。Keys:(1)back(2)into2.lawyern.律师【原句复现】Othersfocusmoreonaskingyoutoratedifferentkindsofworkscenarios,likeworkingasalibrarianoralawyer.其他人更多地关注于要求你对不同类型的工作场景进行评分,比如担任图书管理员或律师。【归纳拓展】Lawn.法律break/obeythelaw违法/守法bylaw依据法律、依法beagainstthelaw违法withinthelaw在法律范围内【即学即练】用law相关短语填空1.______________,youareachilduntilyouare18.2.He_________________________,andthereforehewasputintoprison.3.Idon'tthinkitrighttousephotocopiedmaterialsevenintheclassroombecauseit's__________________.Keys:1.Bylaw2.brokethelaw3.againstthelaw3.debtn.债务；欠款【原句复现】Helpandadvisepeopleinseriousdebt.帮助和提供建议给负债累累的人。【归纳拓展】indebt负债outofdebt不欠债payoffdebts还清债务owesb.adebt欠某人一个人情【即学即练】单句语法填空1.Sincehismotherhasbeenillforalongtime,heisheavily________debt.2.IttookCharlietenyearstopay________hisdebt.3.Businessisdownthisyear,andthepanywillrun_________debtbytheendoftheyear.Keys:1.in2.off3.into4.participantn.参与者；参加者【原句复现】Onepopulartestaskstheparticipantstogradetheirpreferencesforavarietyofworktasks.一项流行的测试要求参与者对各种工作任务的偏好进行打分。【归纳拓展】participatevi.参与；参加participationn.参与；参加participatewithsb.insth.与某人分担某事；同某人参与某事participatein(doing)sth.参加(做)某事【即学即练】(1)Allthe__________________areopponentsandthereforeyoushouldwinthetournamentonyourown.所有的参与者都是对手，你应该独立自主去赢得锦标赛。(2)Theactivityweparticipated__________________wasmeaningful,whichgavemeagreatdealofinspiration.我们参加的活动很有意义，给了我很大的启发。(3)Isuggestthatyoushouldparticipate__________________yourfriendinhissufferings.我建议你应当分担朋友的苦恼。(4)Thingswillturnforthebetterifwecanworkoutsome__________________(participate)rulesforpeopletoobey.如果我们能制定一些让人们遵守的参与规则，事情就会好转。Keys:(1)participants(2)in(3)with(4)participation5.accusevt.控告;控诉;谴责spyn.密探；间谍vi.从事间谍活动；监视vt.突然看见；认出【原句复现】Therewasahugedebateaboutwhetherthereportershouldbeaccusedofspyingonthestarcouple.关于这位记者是否应该被指控暗中监视着这对明星夫妇的罪名争论激烈。【归纳拓展1】accusesb.of(doing)sth.控诉某人（做）某事chargesb.with(doing)sth.指控某人（做）某事theaccused被告【易混辨析】accuse，charge，blame※accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accusesb.of(doing)sth.指控某人(做了)某事。※charge控告；谴责。常用于chargesb.with(doing)sth.指控某人(做了)某事。※blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于。常用于blamesb.forsth.因某事指责某人；blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人。【即学即练1】单句语法填空1.Theywereaccusedof_________(give)outstatesecretsandweresentencedtojail.2.Hewascharged_________murderyesterday,whichmadeusallsurprised.3._________(accuse)ofstealingmoney,themanwasbroughttothecourt.4.Theformerfootballchampion_________(accuse)ofsellingherointoanumberofdrugusers.Keys:1.giving2.with3.Accused4.wasaccused【归纳拓展2】spyoutsth.查清楚/搞明白某事spyonsb./sth.暗中监视某人/某事；侦查某人/某事spyfor为......刺探情报【练习2】单句语法填空1.Hehasbeeninprisonforfiveyearsafterbeingaccusedofworkingas_________spy.2.Tohishorror,hesawamanspying_________himfrombehindatree.Keys:1.a2.on6.dedicatevt.把……奉献给【原句复现】ZhongYang;1964－2017;botanist，professoratFudanUniversity;dedicatedhislifetoresearchonseeds;钟扬，1964－2017;复旦大学植物学家、教授，毕生致力于种子研究；【归纳拓展】dedicateoneself/one’slifeto...献身于……dedicate...tosb.把……奉献给某人dedicatedadj.献身的；专心致志的bededicatedto献身于；专心致志于【即学即练】(1)Hehas____________________hisworkandbeejustawritingmachine.他忘我地投入工作，就像是一台写作机器。(2)Heistotally____________________(dedicate)andbringsoutthebestinhispupils.他全身心地投入，最大限度地激发学生的潜能。(3)ItisadmirablethatBessiehasdedicatedherlife____________________participatinginpublicwelfareprograms.令人敬佩的是，贝茜一生都致力于参与公益事业。Keys:(1)dedicatedhimselfto(2)dedicated(3)to7.supervisevt.&vi.主管；指导；监督【原句复现】Youwillberequiredtosuperviseand/orhelpoutinavarietyoftasksandrecreationalactivities.你将被要求监督和/或帮助完成各种任务和娱乐活动。【归纳拓展】supervisionn.监督；管理undersupervision在监督之下表示“超，超级”。例如：superheron.超级英雄supermann.超人supermarketn.超市【即学即练】(1)Thegovernmentshould_______________(supervise)whattheseaccountantssaidanddid.政府应该监督这些会计师的言行。(2)Atoddlerrequiresclose_______________(supervise)andfirmcontrolatalltimes.刚学步的孩子时刻需要寸步不离的照看，并要牢牢看紧。(3)Newstaffinthisprofessionaresupposedtowork_______________supervisionforthefirstthreemonths.这个行业的新职员前三个月应该在指导下进行工作。Keys:(1)supervise(2)supervision(3)under8.priorityn.优先事项；首要的事；优先【原句复现】Ihavebeencaptainofmyschooltabletennisteamfortwoyears，soIknowhowtoleadanddecideonpriorities.我在学校乒乓球队当了两年队长，所以我知道如何领导和决定事情的轻重缓急。【归纳拓展】havepriorityover优先于......；比......重要givepriorityto给......优先权inorderofpriority按照优先顺序prioradj.先前的；优先的；较重要的；在前面的priorto在前，居先【即学即练】(1)Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstabilityisthefirst_______________(prior)forusingsuchproducts.人们普遍认为，稳定性是使用此类产品的第一要务。(2)Accordingtothe_______________(priority)negotiation，thefleetsofthetwocountrieswithdrawfromtherelevantwatersatthesametime.根据先前谈判，两国舰队同时撤离相关海域。(3)Indevelopingcountries,citiesoften________________________ruralareasforenergysupply.(4)Weshould________________________thedevelopmentofthebasicindustries.Keys:(1)priority(2)prior(3)havepriorityover(4)givepriorityto9.employern.雇主；老板【原句复现】Ifyouweretheemployer,wouldyouhireyourpartner?如果你是雇主，你会雇用你的同伴吗?【归纳拓展】employeen.受雇者；雇工；雇员employmentn.职业；工作；使用employvt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)employsb.as...雇用某人作……employsb.todosth.雇用某人做某事beemployedindoingsth./employoneselfindoingsth.从事于/忙于(做)某事【即学即练】(1)Allthe________________resignbecausethe________________istoounreasonable.因为老板太不讲理，雇员全体辞职。(2)Thelawforbidsthe________________(employ)ofteenagersundereighteeninthecottonmills.法律禁止纺织厂雇用十八岁以下的青少年。(3)Adozenmorepeople________________(employ)bythebakerytoexpanditsbusiness.这家面包店又雇用了十几个人来扩大业务。(4)He________________(employ)himselfinbarbecuingonthegrillintheopenairnow.他现在正在露天烧烤。Keys:(1)employees;employer(2)employment(3)wereemployed(4)isemploying10.acquirevt.获得；购得【原句复现】Remember,theknowledgeyouacquireandthediligentattitudeyoudevelopinhighschoolwillbeinvaluableintherealworld.记住,你在高中获得的知识和你养成的勤奋态度在现实世界中将是无价的。【归纳拓展】acquire:指经过不懈努力才获得的技术、知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等achieve:强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标attain:正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地obtain:指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间才得到所需要的东西【即学即练】单句语法填空1.Infectiousdiseasescan___________(acquire)inseveralways.2.Thisinformationwillbeamalgamated（合并）withinformation___________(obtain)earlier.3.Jimishalfwayto___________(attain)hispilot'slicence.Keys:1.beacquired2.obtained3.attaining【重点短语】1.inconclusion总而言之；最后【原句复现】Inconclusion，careeraptitudetestsareclearlyaveryusefultool.总之，职业能力测试显然是一个非常有用的工具。【归纳拓展】draw/reach/eto/arriveataconclusion得出结论concludev.断定；推断出；得出结论；(使)结束，终止conclude...from...从……中推断出……conclude...with...以……结束……[温馨提示]除inconclusion外，写作时还常常用到下面短语作为全文总结语。①inshort②inaword③inbrief④allinall⑤tosumup⑥briefly(speaking)⑦onthewhole【即学即练】(1)__________________________,heisyoungenoughtobouncebackfromthisdisappointment.总之，他还年轻，会很快从失望沮丧中恢复过来的。(2)Icametoaconclusion__________________________myownexperiencesthatwherethereisawillthereisaway.我从亲身经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。(3)Whentheprimeministerisabouttofinishhisspeech，healwaysconcludesit____________________importantpoints.当首相即将结束他的演讲时，他总是以几个要点来结束(演讲)。Keys:(1)Inconclusion(2)from(3)with2.attendto关怀；照料；处理【原句复现】Wearebuildingateamofkeenyoungpeopletohelpusattendtohundredsofstudentsfromallovertheworld.我们正在组建一支由热心的年轻人组成的团队，来帮助我们照料来自世界各地的数百名学生。【归纳拓展】attendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加attend(to)sb.照料/关怀某人attendancen.出席；参加attendantn.服务员；随员；陪从[联想]“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达：attend(to)sb.careforsb.takecareofsb.lookaftersb.【即学即练】(1)Hisjobisto______________(attend)thosewhosufferfromcardiacattackcarefully.他的工作是细心照料那些心脏病发作的人。(2)InFerghana,he______________(attend)amountainfuneralfollowedbyastrangedrinkingparty.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，随后是一个奇怪的饮酒派对。(3)Hetoldmethathewouldhaveanimportantparty______________(attend)thatnight.他告诉我他那天晚上要参加一个重要的聚会。(4)Thescientist’s______________(attend)atthepressconferencegotaroundofapplausefromthereporters.这位科学家出席记者招待会得到了记者们的热烈掌声。(5)Unlikewesterncustoms,itisgoodmannerstobepunctualifyouareinvited______________(attend)adinnerparty.与西方风俗习惯不同,如果你被邀请去参加晚宴,准时是有礼貌的。Keys:(1)attendto(2)attends(4)toattend(5)attendance(6)toattend【重点语法】长难句分析【问题定位】一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并找出每个句子的谓语动词。1BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.2TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.4Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.5Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?6Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.7Havingneveroperatedaputer,MrJohnsonmetwithalotofdifficultiesatfirst.8WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Keys:1.简单句;enjoy2.复合句——定语从句;offered,iscalled3.复合句——状语从句;was,was4.并列句;haschanged,willdo5.复合句——主语从句;siad,is6.并列句;is&work7.简单句;met8.并列复合句;grow,is,grow二、感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题1.This,however,isnotalwayseasy.2.Sotryafewtestsonlineandstartthinkingaboutyourfuturecareerrightnow!3.Thisisbecauseyourcareerisaveryimportantpartofwhoyouare.4.Thetopthreescoresareusedtomakeacodethatindicatestheparticipant'soverallworkpersonality.5.Thebesttimetostartthinkingaboutpossiblecareersiswhileyouarestillatschool,beforeyoumakeanychoicesaboutyourfurthereducation.6.Thecareeryouhavedefinesyourlife,andsotakingtimetothinkaboutitisanessentialexerciseforyoungpeople.1.以上句子中，句1为___________句。2.句2为由and连接的___________句。3.句3、句4和句5为___________句；在句3中，because引导的是___________从句，who引导的是___________从句，都是___________从句；在句4中，that引导的是___________从句，修饰先行词code；句5中while引导的是___________从句，而before引导的是___________从句。4.句6为___________句，and连接的是___________，而youhave是___________从句，修饰先行词thecareer，引导词为关系代词___________，在从句中作宾语，被省略。Keys:1.以上句子中，句1为简单句。2.句2为由and连接的并列句。3.句3、句4和句5为主从复合句；在句3中，because引导的是表语从句，who引导的是宾语从句，都是名词性从句；在句4中，that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词code；句5中while引导的是表语从句，而before引导的是状语从句。4.句6为并列复合句，and连接的是并列句，而youhave是定语从句，修饰先行词thecareer，引导词为关系代词that/which，在从句中作宾语，被省略。精析1：句子分类句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。一、简单句(SimpleSentences)简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。例如：ØHeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.他经常在早上读英语。ØTomandMikeareAmericanboys.汤姆和迈克是美国男孩。(加黑部分为并列主语，只有一个谓语，仍为简单句)ØShelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.她喜欢画画，经常为墙报画画。(加黑部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句)二、并列句(poundSentences)(一)并列句的构成包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：ØThefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.食物很好，但他却没什么胃口。ØOneoftheclock'shandsisshort;theothertwoarelong.钟的一根指针短，另两根指针长。(二)并列句的分类1.并列关系and,notonly...butalso,neither...nor,both...and,not...but。ØNeitherTomnorJackhasfinishedthehomework.汤姆和杰克都没有完成家庭作业。ØNotcouldn’ttheypletethetask,butthetaskwastootough.不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太难了。2.转折关系but，yet，whereas，nevertheless(但是；然而)。ØJohnlikesplayingbasketball,buthedidn’tplayityesterday.约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。ØJanesaidthatshewasill,yet/but/whereasIsawherinthestreetjustnow.简说她病了，但我刚才还在街上看见她了。3.选择关系or，otherwise，orelse，either...or。ØWemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。ØEitheryouetomyplaceorIgotoyours.或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那儿去。4.因果关系for，so。ØWehadbetterstayathome,foritwasraining.我们最好待在家里，因为天正在下雨。ØHedidn'tworkhard,sohefailedintheexamination.他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。5.对比关系while。ØIdoeverysinglebitofhouseworkwhilemyhusbandTomjustwashesdishesnowandthen.我做所有的家务，而我的丈夫汤姆只是偶尔洗洗盘子。6.祈使句＋and/or＋简单句，祈使句表示一个条件，and引导的简单句表示一个承接的结果，or引导的简单句表示一个相反的结果，简单句使用一般将来时态。ØReadthisstory，andyouwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.阅读这个故事，你会意识到并不是所有的东西都可以用钱买到。ØTaketheflowersintoawarmroom，ortheywilldiequickly.把这些花拿到暖和的房间里去，否则它们会很快死去。三、复合句(plexSentences)(一)主从复合句的结构由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。主句与从句之间用关联词连接起来。此时关联词也叫从属连词，它在主语与从句之间起连接作用。例如：Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。(二)主从复合句的分类根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作用，主从复合句主要分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。1.名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：从属连词：that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which，whichever连接副词：when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever例如：ØJohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。ØItisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。ØItremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.他们何时结婚依然不明。ØTheyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.他们正在调查他是否值得信赖。2.定语从句定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：who，whom，whose，that，which，as等。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系副词有：when，where，why等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作时间、地点和原因状语。例如：ØIshethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)ØTheyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，他们都跑过去帮忙。(whose在此用来指人，在从句中作car的定语)ØAprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)ØI’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。(when在从句中作状语，可替换成介词in＋which)ØAsweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.正如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。(as引导非限制性定语从句，可位于主句前面)3.状语从句状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、形容词、副词或整个句子。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引导。按意义可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。例如：ØIdidn’tmanagetodoituntilyouhadexplainedhow.直到你教我后，我才会做。(时间状语从句)ØSince/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.由于天气那么糟，我们不得不推迟我们的旅程。(原因状语从句)ØYoumustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.你必须大点声，这样别人就都能听见了。(目的状语从句)ØHeissuchayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool.这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。(结果状语从句)ØAslongaswedon’tloseheart，we’llturnourdreamsintorealities.只要我们不灰心，我们就会把梦想变成现实。(条件状语从句)ØAlthoughit’sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefields.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。(让步状语从句)四、并列复合句（poundplexSentences）并列复合句指并列句、复合句混合在一个句子里，或者说，一个句子里包含着多种关系：既有并列关系，又有复合关系。例如：ØIadmireTim,buthedoesn’tadmireme,althoughItryhardtoimpresshim.我钦佩蒂姆，但他并不钦佩我，尽管我努力想给他留下深刻印象。前1、2分句是并列关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是主从复合关系。ØEvenifyoufail，atleastyoutry，andyouareabetterpersonforit.即使你失败了，至少你努力了，而且你是做这个事情的理想人选。前1、2分句是主从复合关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是并列关系。精析2：长难句分析方法1.找谓语,定主语一般情况下,一个句子不管有多长多复杂,它只由两部分构成,即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架,主要指主谓。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用,它既可以是单词,也可以是短语,更常见的则是从句,尤其是定语从句和状语从句。遇到这样的句子,考生首先要找出主句的谓语,然后根据谓语的位置来判定句子的主语,层层剥茧,细致分析,找出定语、状语和其他修饰成分。句子的结构清晰了,理解的障碍也就消除了。【例句】Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimpliedisthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.【分析】本句的结构比较复杂,我们首先找出句子的谓语。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是is,其主语是whatmaybeimplied...,也就是主语从句。确定了主语和谓语,下一步我们要找出句子的其他成分。when引导的是时间状语从句,其中isspeaking和stops是并列谓语;thattheperson...其后面的内容作连系动词is的表语从句;whathasbeensaid是consider的宾语从句;beforecontinuing是省略句,作时间状语。【译文】因此,当这些文化的人说着话突然停下时,这可能暗示了说话的人想让听者在他继续说话之前考虑一下他的话。2.去枝叶，提主干英语中，为了增加补充信息或平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。高考试题中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。含有插入成分的句子，由于插入成分分割了原本通畅的句子，考生在阅读时可能会出现所谓的“断片”，这样就无法弄懂整个句子的意思，影响了对文章的整体理解。因此，阅读时要暂时去掉插入成分，有时也可把较长的定语(从句)去掉，简化句子结构，提取句子的主干，这样有助于对长难句的理解。【例句】TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalain__supermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.【分析】该句比较长,去掉who引导的定语从句,两个suchas...短语,以及which引导的定语从句,句子的主干为:Topeople,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence.【译文】对于那些习惯于在超市仅有的金冠苹果和皇家嘎啦中挑选的人来说,看到像Decio等罗马人种的经典苹果仍然大范围存在,真是大开眼界。3.看主句，巧补全在英语句子中，省略是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。但是，省略的出现使句子完整的成分出现了缺失，因而造成考生的阅读障碍，影响了对句子的正确理解。省略成分往往和从句相结合，常见的有状语从句的省略、定语从句的省略、动词不定式的省略等。因此，阅读时要仔细观察主句的人称和时态，然后根据省略句的语法规则尝试补全省略句。句子补全了，句意也就很容易理解了。【例句】Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.【分析】分析句子结构可知,该句的主句是Those...werelessactiveand...thanthose...。which引导的是非限制性定语从句,than引导的是比较状语从句。given和fedwith是过去分词作定语,可扩展为定语从句:Thosewhoweregiven...和thosewhowerefedwith...。10timestheamountofmelatonin后面省略了ofthemilkcollectedduringdaytime。【译文】根据刊登在《药用食品杂志》的一篇研究报道,喂了夜晚采集的奶的老鼠,含有10倍的褪黑激素,和喂了白天采集的奶的老鼠相比,不活跃,也不那么焦虑。【练习】句型转换1.Ouroutdooractivitywilllastthreehours.We’llebackatabout11o’clock.(改为并列句)__________________________________________________________________________________________2.Thesituationisdangerous.Thereisstillonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.(改为含状语从句的复合句)__________________________________________________________________________________________3.We’llorganizeallkindsofactivitiesinourEnglishclub.WecannotonlypracticebutalsolearnmoreEnglishintheactivities.(改为含定语从句的复合句)__________________________________________________________________________________________4.Hemissedthefirstbus.Hewaslateforschool.(改为含状语从句的复合句)__________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whendidyouentertheroom?Thepolicewantstoknowit.(改为含名词性从句的复合句)__________________________________________________________________________________________6.Severalweekshadpassed.Iknewthepaintingwaslost.(改为含状语从句的复合句)__________________________________________________________________________________________7.Howcanpeoplesolveallkindsofsocialproblems?Itisnotclear.(改为含名词性从句的复合句)__________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.Ouroutdooractivitywilllastthreehoursandwe’llebackatabout11o’clock.2.Althoughthesituationisdangerous，thereisstillonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.3.We’llorganizeallkindsofactivitiesinourEnglishclubinwhichwecannotonlypracticebutalsolearnmoreEnglish.4.Becausehemissedthefirstbus，hewaslateforschool.5.Thepolicewantstoknowwhenyouenteredtheroom.6.SeveralweekshadpassedbeforeIknewthepaintingwaslost.7.Howpeoplecansolveallkindsofsocialproblemsisnotclear.【梳理优化】I.重点单词1.drawern.抽屉2.breastn.乳房；胸部3.debtn.债务；欠款4.profilen.简介；概述；侧面轮廓vt.扼要介绍；概述；写简介5.spyn.密探；间谍vi.从事间谍活动vt.突然看见；发现6.justicen.公平；公正；合理7.accusevt.控告；控诉；谴责8.greedyadj.贪婪的；贪心的9.handwritingn.书法；书写；笔迹10.parkingn.停车位；停车11.cameln.骆驼12.fryn.油煎的食物vt.&vi.油炸；油炒；油煎13.pursen.钱包；皮夹子(尤指女用)14.sewvi.&vt.(sewed，sewn/sewed)缝制；缝；做针线活15.cagen.笼子vt.关在笼子里16.collarn.(动物)颈圈；衣领17.certificaten.合格证书；证明18.desertn.沙漠；荒漠19.acquirevt.获得；购得20.receiptn.收据；接收II.拓展单词1.lawyern.律师→lawn.法律2.detectiven.侦探；警探→detectvt.侦察出；发现3.participantn.参与者；参加者→participatevi.参加；参与→participationn.参加；参与4.receptionistn.接待员→receptionn.接待；欢迎；招待会→receivevt.收到；接纳5.socialistadj.社会主义的n.社会主义者→socialadj.社会的；社交的→societyn.社会；协会6.wooln.毛；毛线；毛料→woolen(＝woollen)adj.羊毛制的；毛线的7.priorityn.优先事项；首要的事；优先→prioradj.先前的；优先的8.financen.资金；财政；金融vt.提供资金→financialadj.财政的；金融的→financiallyadv.财政上；金融上9.employern.雇主；老板→employvt.雇用；利用→employeen.受雇者；雇员→employmentn.雇用；聘用III.核心短语1.bouncearound蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去2.headstart起步前的优势3.achestofdrawers抽屉柜4.etoaconclusion得出结论5.attendto关怀；照料；处理6.avarietyof各种各样的7.bepassionateabout=haveapassionfor对……热爱8.belocatedin坐落于……9.bekeentodosth.热衷于做某事10.bemeantfor为……而准备11.besuitedtodosth.适合做某事IV.重点语法【强化巩固】一、单句语法填空1.Mybrotherwantedtobeea____________(law),buthewasadvisedtobeateacher.2.AsMrsBrownisheavily____________debt,shehastoworkdayandnighttopayoffit.3.SomeofthecountriesinAfricahavenoaccessto____________(finance)aid.4.Itisawisechoiceforyoutoprepareyourself____________goodeducation.5.Itdoesn’tmatter____________youtackleeventhesmallestpartoftheproblem:justgetstartednow.6.Marythoughtthat____________shearmedherselfwithalltheknowledgeshecouldgathershecouldhandleanything.7.Tangpoemsareverynice.That’s____________moreandmorepeopleareinterestedintheTangDynasty.8.Theyhelpstudentsprepareforcollegemathematics____________overetheiranxietyaboutthisamazingfieldofstudy.Keys:1.lawyer2.in3.financial4.for5.whether6.if7.why8.and二、短语填空beaccusedof,(be)suitedto,beusefulfor,focuson,providewith,divideup,inconclusion,attendto,ofgreatimportance,avarietyof(1)Thekeytobeinganeffectiveleaderisnotto____________makingotherpeoplefollow,butonmakingyourselfthekindofpersontheywanttofollow.(2)Students____________learningmaterialsthroughouttheircourseandtherewillneverbemorethan15participantsineachclass.(3)Thispany____________usingmisleadingadvertisementsinitspromotionofthedietpills.(4)____________,theenvironmentissovaluablebecauseitcan’tbereplaced,keepsusalive,andservesasagreateducationaltool.(5)Theirshowsareabitmorematureforyoungerkidsandbetter____________kidsaged5andup.(6)Nowthattheworkhasbeen____________,leteachonegetonwithhisownjob.(7)ProfessorSmithhasalargeamountofinformationthat____________ourresearch.(8)Weallhopetomaketheacquaintanceofmorepeople,whichis____________tous.(9)Mostpeoplelearnbestusing____________methods,buttraditionalclassesareanidealstartformanypeople.(10)Thereweresomanycustomersthattheshopassistantscouldn't____________themall.Keys:(1)focuson;(2)areprovidedwith;(3)wasaccusedof;(4)Inconclusion;(5)suitedto;(6)dividedup;(7)isusefulfor;(8)ofgreatimportance;(9)avarietyof;(10)attendto三、写出画线部分的句子成分并翻译下列长句1.Thisbookcangiveyoutheanswerstothequestionsmostoftenaskedbyparents,teachersandstudentsthemselves.2.Walkingtogether,myfatherandIusedtohavealotofconversationsthroughwhichIlearnedlessonsfromhisexperiences.3.Theengineersaresobusythattheyhavezerotimeforoutdoorsportsactivities,eveniftheyhavetheinterest.4.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,unlesstheyareacpaniedbyanadult.5.Weshouldrespectf