2024年高考英语（全国通用）：热点练6 阅读理解话题社会现象（教师版）

热点练06阅读理解话题.社会现象

历年全国高考英语阅读理解的题型无非基本都是考查主旨大意、词义猜测、推理

判断和细节理解四大题型。其中，命题以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，又

兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。细节理解题和推理判断题主要考查的是对原文具

体细节的理解和把控能力，难度相对较小，广大考生除了平时必要的阅读量和词

汇量的积累以外，掌握一定的解题技巧对解答阅读理解题来说也是至关重要的。

阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：

（1）标志类、指示类的信息。

①表示并列关系：and,also,coupledwith等；

②表示转折关系：but,yet,however,bycontrast等；

③表示因果关系：therefore,thereby,consequently,asaresult等；

④表示递进关系：inadditionto,even,what'smore,furthermore等；

⑤表示重要性的词：prime,aboveall,first等。

以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。

（2）具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的（贬），excessively过分

的（贬）,objective（客观）等。

座点话题］

服务与沟通

生活与工作

社会发展

限时检测

真题链接

（每篇限时7分钟）

Passage1

（2022新高考I卷C篇）Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggiven

henstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimprove

elderlypeople'swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aserious

illnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewhere

hensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“Iusedtokeep

henswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwentto

school.v

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensout

anddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.^^

“It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethe

hensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Fmenjoyingthecreativeactivities,andit

feelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.^^

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,and

thecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkonthe

project,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Weare

lookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartinthe

project.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.,,

I.Whatisthepuiposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

2.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon,,meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreduce

lonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing（该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少

孤独，改善老年人的健康状况。）“可知，这个项目的目的是为了减少孤独和提高老年人的幸

福感。故选D项。

2.推理判断题。根据第五段“"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheir

childrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'nienjoyingthe

creativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseftiL”（有不同的关注点很好。人们

把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做•些有

用的事情的感觉很好。）“可知，RuthXavier很享受做这些事，她觉得自己在做有用的事，这

能够给她来良好的感觉，因此可知通过该项目她获得了一种成就感。故选B项。

3.词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneof

thefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"'Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthe

creativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeople

here.”（彭福街60号的额外护理经理WendyWilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说:“居

民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐

趣。”户可知，WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因

此可知，画线处embarkon意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin（开始）”含义相近。故选C

项。

4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthe

creativesessions.Wearelookingforwaidtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeople

here.（居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好

处和乐趣。）”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappy

tobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterest

andcreativeactivities."（“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩・刘易斯说：“我们很高兴能参与这个项

目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来。“）”可知，该项目得

到了居民们的认可，大家很欢迎这个项目，而且这个项目将会带来一些好处，因此可知这个

项目的反响很好，很受欢迎。故选A项。

Passage2

（2021浙江1月卷B篇）Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohn

ElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulation

growth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginone

prediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.

Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivity

theyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,

whilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.

Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywith

bothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingin

car-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.

Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslost

opportunities（机会）forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentsthereare

lostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.

Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha"good”,

quicklyfollowedby'Tmhungry,,.Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereover

thedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipandits

limits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.

Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool-busroutes（路线），withdaysof

regular,parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthan

nothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittleplanning-runningshoesbythefrontdoor,

lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones-butit'scertainly

worthtrying.

5.WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins'predictionsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.

C.Tosupportherargument.D.Toprovideexamples.

6.WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren'sphysicalactivity?

A.Plainlaziness.B.Healthproblems.

C.Lackoftime.D.Securityconcerns.

7.Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?

A.Shecangetrelaxedafterwork.B.Shecankeepphysicallyfit.

C.Shecanhelpwithherson'sstudy.D.Shecanknowhersonbetter.

【答案】5.B6.C7.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过否定沃特金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和

陪伴的重要性。

5.推理判断题。通过文章第一段“Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamed

JohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulation

growth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginone

prediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.（20世纪初，——位名口U约翰•」矣尔弗雷特•沃

特金斯的美国工程师对当今的生活做出了预测。他关于人口增长放缓、移动电话和身高增长

的预测接近于现实。但他有一个预测是错误的:每个人每天都要走10英里。厂和第二段“Today,

inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedto

avoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein

2010,itwasaslowas15percent.（今天在澳大利亚，大多数孩子平均比避免超重所需的体力活

动少了2000步。在上世纪70年代初，40%的孩子步行上学，而在2010年，这一比例降至

15%）”可知，作者根据沃特金斯的预言做了相关调查，并且写下「这篇文章。通读全文得知

作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了介绍文章主题。故选B项。

6.细节理解题。通过文章第三段中“Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparents

workingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependent

neighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransporl.（家庭时间紧迫，许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单

而工作，工作时间往往不是他们自己选择的，他们住在公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区。r

可知，导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不够。故选c项。

7.细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段中“Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmy

son'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpected

andrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.（但是，在每天散步的某个地方，更多关于我儿子日

常的事情出现了。我听到他在理解友谊及其局限性。这是一个意想不到的难得的家长可以听

到更多的机会）“，说明作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她更了解她的儿子。故选D项。

Passage3

（2021全国乙卷B篇）Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfof

Australianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）？

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn't

ownamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryone

canmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter

（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostill

havealandline,athirdconcedethatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurity

blanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseof

emergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.

MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageis

naturallyafactor（因素）一only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,

comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50

years.Ageisn'ttheonlyfactor;I'dsayifsalsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohavea

homephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobe

honesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepoint

whereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerID

wouldtakethefunoutofit).

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlamps

andmorningmilkdeliveries?

20.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?

A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.

C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.

21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"concede”inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Argue.

C.Remember.D.Remark.

22.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?

A.Theylikesmartphonegames.B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers9identity.

C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.

23.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.

【答案】20.B21.A22.C23.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固

定电话是非必需品的观点。

20.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段"Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustralia

overtheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveonein

theirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime4现在你很难在

澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎

每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话）“可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。

故选B项。

21.词句猜测题。根据第三段“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethat

it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheynever

useitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.（在那些仍然拥有固定电话的澳

大利亚人中，三分之一的人concede这不是真正必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%

的人说他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况）”可知，许多人

认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况，所以三分之

一的人承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，推测划线单词表示“承认”，与admit同义。

故选A项。

22.推理判断题。根据第四段“84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehome

numberfor50years.（婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了）”以及第

五段“Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBaby

Boomersparents（也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母）”可推

知，婴儿潮一代的人一直在用固定电话。故选C项。

23.推理判断题。根据最后——段“Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygo

thewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?（你有多喜欢你的固定电话？它们还要

多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？厂以及常识可知，本段使用类比的方式，使用

煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会被废弃的。故

选B项。

Passage4

（2020全国HI卷C篇）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskof

isolation0!!独），morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,

shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofa

growingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.

Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,

bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,“saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:

“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingfbrNicktolivewithhis

mother-in-law.”

AndwhatdoesNickthink?"Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldI

recommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.^^

It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthe

numbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholds

withthreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeir

elderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itis

saidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.The

totalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingis

morefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomovein

withtheirhusband'sfamilywhentheygetmarried.

24.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?

A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.

25.WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?

A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.

26.Whatistheauthor'sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?

A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.D

【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年

人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。

24.2田节理解题。根据第三段“butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomand

livingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由

此可知，Rita在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。

25.推理判断题。根据第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemsto

workverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?”从我的角

度来看，•切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在•起居住的。”由此判断出，尼

克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。

26.细节理解题。根据第六段"Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththree

generationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方报告显示，

三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“Itissaid

thatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotal

numberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.”可知,据

说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英

国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统

计数据。故选C项。

27.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeand

theoldatriskofisolation（孤独）,morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年轻人

负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所

以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。

Passages

（2022全国甲卷D篇）Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,

Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthings

thatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.

Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.1

spentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrew

shutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethe

city.

"I'llmisstheseoldboats,“hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.

“Oh,they'rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotso

elegant,andthey'renotfuntopilot.Butthafsprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口号），and

traditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinits

rushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinest

buildings."Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself/'shesaid."Wecan'tseemtomakeupourminds

whetherwewantamodemcityoratraditionalone.It'saconflictthatwearen'tgettinganybetter

atresolving（解决）

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.Iconsideredthis

whenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony."Manypeoplesaythatwelack

cultureinthiscountry,vhetoldme."WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycameto

Australia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemore

still.We'vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoung

country.It5saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.^^

Heisright,butIcan'thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

35•Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney'sstrikingarchitecture.B・TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney'sdevelopment.D.Sydney'stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

36.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.

37.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

38.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

【答案】35.C36.D37.A38.A

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了悉尼城市发展中对于现代化和传统保护的困惑，

并提出“一座城市可以同时年轻和年老”的观点。

35.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedin

Sydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.（20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一

件大事。这座城市发现了自己的港口。厂和最后一句"Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.（但

正是港口造就了这座城市。）”可知，第一段主要是讲悉尼发展的关键。故选C。

36.细节理解题。根据第三段'"Tilmisstheseoldboats,hesaidasweparted.，'我会想念这些

I口船的，''我们分手时他说。）”和第五段第二句"Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotsoelegant,

andthey*notfuntopilot.（双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣。户可知，

AndrewReynolds喜欢那些IFl渡船。故选D。

37.细节理解题。根据第六段第二句中的"initsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneyswept

asidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings（在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过

程中，悉尼抛弃了许多过去的东西，包括许多最漂亮的建筑户和第四句"Wecan'tseemto

makeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.（我们似乎无法决定是要

一个现代的城市还是•个传统的城市。户可知，ShirleyFitzgerald认为悉尼正在丢失传统。

故选Ao

38.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句"Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesame

limehasitsattractions.（另一方面，同时年轻和年老也有它的吸引力。）“可知，作者会认阿‘一

座城市可以同时年轻和年老''的观点。故选A。

Passage6

（2022全国乙卷D篇）TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuch

moneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhas

shown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5g

ofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelievedthat

today'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,putting

thematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake£520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataof

thefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedto

generate£240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutby

manufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewer

kilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasury

figures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitre

ofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxand

arerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmost

alcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresper

year.

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugar

taxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsfbrsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereatingin

schools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,

andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

39.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

40.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts?sugarcontent.

41.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.

B.Milk-baseddrinks.

C.Fruitjuices.

D.ClassicCoke.

42.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

【答案】39.C40.D41.D42.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及

青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。

39.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoft

drinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhood

obesity.（该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助

减少儿童肥胖户可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。

40.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshave

hadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已经降

低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税）”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低

了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。

41.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,

haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruit

juices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompanies

manufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接

受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精

饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的户可知，糖税主要来自经典可口

可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。

42.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,show

thepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesand

healthiereatinginschools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它

为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）“可知，糖税政策带来了积极影响。由此推

知，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。

Passage9

（2022新高考I卷D篇）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,0（）0differentsounds,fromthe

common"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertain

soundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-related

changesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalled

labiodentals,suchas"f*'and"v",weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,

hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned

（对齐），makingithardtoproducelabiode