2024年淄博市高三一模英语高考模拟试卷试题（含答案详解）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页淄博市2023-2024学年度高三模拟考试英语2024年3月第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AGoodeveningeveryone!Ihopetopickyourbrainonpotentialadvertisingstrategiesandgainingnewcustomersformyboyfriend’scarrepairshop.Hehasbeeninbusinessfor3yearsandisfairlysuccessful,butwearetryingtoincreasethenumberofchargeablehours.Whilehewasdoingrepairwork,Itookoveralltheadministrativeduties.Thefirstthingonmyto-dolistwastogethimonsocialmedia.Iwasflooredthathehadnosocialmediapresence,whichisnotsurprisingconsideringheisoldschool.Now,hehasabusinessFacebookpageandanInstagramaccount,althoughitmaynotbeworthmuchyet.Weareworkingonaweekly“feature”forbothplatformsinordertocreatesomeinterest.Hedoesn’twanttodocoupons(优惠券)ordiscountsoranythinglikethat,andIunderstandwhy.Hislaborrateisalreadysignificantlylowerthananyoneelseinthearea,andhisoverallcostsareloweraswell.ThisiswhereIamabitlost——howcanweeffectivelyattractmorecustomerswithoutahook?Myguesswouldbefocusingonthevalue,butI’mnotsurehowwellthatwillworkout.Weareconsideringsendingpostcardsaswellsincehealreadycooperateswithafewlocalshopswhosendtheirlargejobstohimandsuch.However,IamunsureaboutFacebookmarketing,butdefinitelyopen.1．Whatwasscheduledfirsttopromotebusiness?A．Workingoutaweeklyfeature. B．Increasingchargeablehours.C．Establishinghispresenceonline. D．Visitinghisoldschool.2．Howmighttheyattractnewclients?A．Byraisinglaborrates. B．Byofferingdiscountsandcoupons.C．Bycuttingoverallcosts. D．Byhighlightingthevalueofservices.3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toofferinformation. B．Toseekadvice.C．Toshowadvantages. D．Tofindcooperation.BTherewasnowaytoescapewhentheyspottedapolarbear.VerenaMohauptandahandfulofcolleaguesweretrappedonafloatingseaicewhilethebeargazedatthem,smellingtheair,adangeroussign.“That’swheneverythingkicksin,”Mohauptsays,“andyoufocusonwhat’simportant.”Asacolleaguefiredintotheskyasawarningshot,Mohauptradioedtheirresearchshipafewkilometresaway,whosehelicopterluckilyarrivedquicklyandMohauptdidn’thavetousethegunthatwashangingoverhershoulder.KeepingalookoutforbearswasaregulardutyforMohaupt,thelogisticscoordinator(后勤协调员)forayear-longmissionknownastheMOSAiC——thelargestArcticresearchexplorationinhistory.Theproject,consistingofroughly300scientists,ledbyscientistMarkusRex,hascollectedmassivemeasurementsthatwillhelpbetterforecasthowwarmingwilltransformtheglobeinthecomingdecades.Formonths,theexplorationoperatedinconstantdarknesswhilepolarbearswanderednearby,stormsrockedtheshipandtheiceshiftedandcracked.Then,whentheSunreturned,theicebegantomelt,creatingalife-threateningriskandanightmareforresearcherswhoneededtokeeptheirinstrumentsfromsinking.Taskedwiththesecurityofthemission,Mohauptdesignedanextensivetrainingcoursefortheparticipantsinwhichtheylearnthowtoavoidthedanger,likestorm-rockingandice-cracking.TheyjumpedintoaNorwegianchannelintheirsurvivalsuitsandclimbedoutofthefreezingwatersusingonlytheiricepicks.Theylearnthowtoescapefromacrashedhelicopter.Andtheydiscussedthepsychologicaleffectsofbeingfarfromhome.Mohauptbroughtknittingequipment,yogamatsandaviolinfortheirmentalhealth——althoughhavingbeenpreparedfortheisolation.Mohauptdidn’texpectacareerinpolarregions,butsaysshehasalwaysbeendrawntothenorth.“Shewastheretomakesurethatwewereprotected,”saysMarkusRex,“Mohauptiscertainlythechampioninthefield.”4．Whydoestheauthormentionapolarbearinthebeginning?A．Toshowthethreatofbears. B．Totellaninterestingstory.C．TointroduceMohaupt’sjob. D．Todescribethepolarscenery.5．Whatcanweknowfromparagraph3?A．Theworkingconditionsweretough. B．Mohaupthelpedtocollectmassivedata.C．Theexplorationwentonintotaldarkness. D．Mohaupt’sdutywastoprotectpolarbears.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMohaupt?A．Ambitiousandbrave. B．Passionateanddependent.C．Considerateandmodest. D．Professionalandresponsible.7．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．APotentialDangerintheExploration. B．AGuardianAngelofPolarResearchers.C．AGreatScientificExplorationinHistory. D．AGreatFemaleScientistinPolarResearch.CChancesareyou’veheardthephrase“likeamothtoaflame”——andprobablyseenitinactionatanighttimefireorbarbecue,too.Itturnsout,however,thisage-oldsayingmaynotbequiteright.Ratherthanbeingattractedtolight,moths’tendencytoflytowardbrightnessisabehavioralresponsetohelpthemdeterminewhichwayisup,suggestsanewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications.Toavoidfallingdowntotheground,insectsneedtoknowwhichwayisup,saysstudycoauthorYashSondhi,aNationalGeographicExplorer.Withoutsystemstomaintainspatial(空间的)orientation,thebrightnessofthesky,evenatnight,hasalwaysbeenastrongindicatorof“up”——untilartificiallightscamealong.Iftheymessthatup,theystartplummeting.Sondhiandateamofresearcherssetupexperimentstoinvestigatehowdifferentlightsinfluenceflightbehavior.First,theresearcherssuspendedalightbulbfromaropebetweentwotrees——resemblingatypicaldownward-pointinglight——andinaseparatetest,theyturnedthelightupwardbymountingitonatripod(三脚架).Inbothcases,insectsleanedtheirwingedbackstothebulb.Butwhenthelightwaspointedup,theinsectsoftenbumpedtotheground.Whatifthelightisspreadoverawidearea?TheresearchersstretchedalargewhitesheetacrossthetreeandprojectedaUVlightonit.Iftheinsectsweretruly“attracted”tothelight,theyshouldflyuptowardit.Instead,theinsectscruised(巡航)straightthroughthisilluminatedcorridor,flyinghowtheywouldduringtheday.Theteamthenplacedthesheetonthegroundandshinedthelightonit,whichiswhensomethingtrulyoddhappened:Allthesemothsflyingoveritturnedupsidedownandcrashedoutofthesky.Directionalityoflightisahugefactorinthepatternwehaveseen,notjustbrightnessorcolor.“Artificiallightsmaycauseamismatchbetweentheinsect’ssenseofwhichwayisupandtruedirectionofgravity,whichspellstroubleforinsectspopulation.”saysSondhi.8．Whatcanbeinferredabout“likeamothtoaflame”inthenewstudy?A．Amothisgenerallyattractedbyaflame. B．Artificiallightsarevaluableforamoth.C．Brightnessindicatesupforamoth. D．Amothhasasenseofdirection.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeting”inparagraph2mean?A．Crashing. B．Speeding. C．Freezing. D．Suspending.10．Whatlightsinfluenceinsectsmostintheexperiments?A．UVlightsonthetree. B．Upward-pointinglights.C．Downward-pointinglights. D．Lightsofdifferentcolors.11．WhatisSondhi’sattitudetowardartificiallights?A．Concerned. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Neutral.DWouldyouratherwatchanewmovie,oranoldfavorite?Wouldyourathertryadishyou’veneverhadatarestaurant,orstickwithsomethingyouknowyou’lllike?Researchersstudyingthe“mereexposureeffect”havefoundthatweoftenpreferthefamiliaroverthenovel.Peopledidn’tneedtoexperiencearewardorpositiveoutcomewhilearoundtheobject—simplybeingexposedtotheobjectwouldbeenoughtomakepeoplelikeit.Totestthis,socialpsychologistRobertZajonchadparticipantsreadwordsinaforeignlanguageoutloudandvariedhowoftenparticipantsreadeachword(upto25repetitions).Next,afterreadingthewords,participantswereaskedtoguessatthemeaningofeachwordbyfillingoutaratingscale(indicatinghowpositiveornegativetheythoughtthemeaningofthewordwas).Hefoundthatparticipantslikedwordsthattheyhadsaidmoreoften,whilewordsthatparticipantshadn’treadatallwereratedmorenegatively,andwordsthathadbeenread25timeswereratedhighest.Justthemereexposuretothewordwasenoughtomakeparticipantslikeitmore.Oneplacewherethemereexposureeffectoccursisinadvertising.Itexplainswhyseeingthesameadvertisementmultipletimescouldbemoreconvincingthanjustseeingitonce.Ofcourse,there’sacautionhere:themereexposureeffectdoesn’thappenforthingsweinitiallydislike.Researchershavefoundthatourlikingforavarietyofthings(includingpictures,sounds,foods,andsmells)canbeincreasedwithrepeatedexposure,suggestingthatthemereexposureeffectisn’tlimitedtojustoneofoursenses.Additionally,researchershavefoundthatthemereexposureeffectoccursinstudieswithhumanresearchparticipantsaswellasinstudieswithnon-humananimals.Anotherkeyfindingfromthisanalysiswasthatparticipantseventuallystartedtolikeobjectslessaftermanyrepeatedexposures.Inotherwords,asmallernumberofrepeatedexposureswillmakeyoulikesomethingmore——but,iftherepeatedexposurescontinue,youcouldeventuallygettiredofit.12．WhatisthekeyfactorinRobertZajonc’stest?A．Frequency. B．Preference. C．Originality. D．Achievement.13．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofmere-exposureeffect?A．Wefavoranadvertisementatthefirstsight.B．Astudentjoinedintheclubbecauseoflove.C．Wearemoreconvincedofwhatwemetbefore.D．AstudentreadasmanyEnglishwordsaspossible.14．Whatcanwelearnabout“mereexposureeffect”accordingtoparagraph4?A．Itistheresultofadvertising. B．Ithasnothingtodowithanimals.C．Itistrueofwhatwedislikeatfirst. D．Itcanbeappliedtomultiplesenses.15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Morelovebecauseofmoreexposures. B．Thestudyonmereexposureeffect.C．Betterresultsfromtheearlierexposures. D．Theapplicationofmereexposureeffect.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThePowerofPeersDobirdsofafeatherreallyflocktogether?Peopledotendtochoosefriendswhoaresimilartothem.Manybehaviorsspreadsocially.Activitiesincertainbrainareaschangewhenotherpeoplearearound.16Youcanusethepowerofsocialrelationshipstogainhealthierhabits—andmotivateotherstodothesame.17Teensareespeciallyresponsivetopeerinfluence.Atthesametime,therewardsystemintheteenbrainbecomesextrasensitive.Teensarejustlearningtoexplorethesocialworld.Understandingotherpeople’svaluesandbeinginfluencedbythemareimportantpartsofsocializing.Aresearchshowsthatevenjusthavinganotherpeeraroundcanchangetherewardresponseinthebrainandalsotherisk-takingtendenciesofteenagers.Somepeopleseemtobemoreeasilyinfluencedthanothersandmoresensitivetofeelingincludedorexcludedbyothers.18Butit’salsoatimethatpeerinfluencecanhelpteensthriveifitgetsthemmoreinvolvedwiththeircommunityorhelpsthemlearnbehaviorstogetalongwithothers.It’sthequalityoffriendships—notquantity—thatreallymakesthedifference.Friendshipsyoufeelyouwanttoletgoofmaybelowquality.19

Highqualityfriendshipsprovideunderstanding,support,andrecognitionofyourself-worth.Thesetypesoffriendshipsaremoresteadyandsatisfying.Spendingtimewithfriendscanbeespeciallyhelpfulforpeople.Noticingthatourbehaviorisinfluencedbyotherpeople,wecanbeintentionalandtrytofocusonthepeoplewhoaredoingthethingswewanttogetintoourselves.20A．Adolescenceissuchariskyperiod.B．Thatcanaffectwhatyouchoosetodo.C．Peerpressurecansometimesleadtocompetition.D．Peoplecareaboutwhatothersthinkacrossalldifferentagegroups.E．Theyarelinkedtopooracademicperformanceandbehavioralissues.F．Sharingyourhealthyhabitscouldalsomakearealdifferencetoothers.G．Thenumberoffriendsyouhavedeterminesyourlevelofsocialinfluence.第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MatthewWeihmuller,ablindjazzinstructor,hasbeenteachingpeopleofdifferentabilitiesinTampafor10years.Hehas21performanceatusinghisdisabilityasateachingtool.Oneofhisteachingmethodsistotakeawayoneofthefive22,requiringperformerstoleanmoreheavilyonothers.“SomethingthatIdois23thelights.Theyhavetolistenand24theirinstrumentwiththeirfingersandhands.Inthisway,thestudents25thematerialbetterinthedark,”explainedWeihmuller.BeingblindhasneverstoppedWeihmullerfromseekinghis26formusic.Whenhestartedplaying,he27braille(布莱叶盲文)sheetmusic,andpieceswouldtakemonths,evenyearstolearn.28,fewprofessionalswerecapableofprovidingthismusicthen,sohe29to“braille”hisown,allthewaythroughcollege.Andhis30paidoff.Hisnotbeingabletoseeandreadtraditionalsheetsofmusichasallowedhimto31hisothersenses,whichisoneofthemain32he’ssotalentedatplayingjazzmusicandthe33thatcomeswithit.Asaneducatorwithblindness,Weihmuller34turninganydisadvantageintoanadvantage.Hehopesthathecan35otherstodealwiththeirbarriersandchallengesinthesamewaythathehas.Andwhentheyleavehisclassroomthey’renotonlybettermusiciansbutbetterpeople.21．A．independent B．outstanding C．entertaining D．ordinary22．A．skills B．chances C．responsibilities D．senses23．A．takeover B．putaway C．turnoff D．breakup24．A．feel B．search C．study D．perform25．A．enjoy B．realize C．recognize D．learn26．A．courage B．passion C．spirit D．concern27．A．afforded B．recommended C．demanded D．presented28．A．Moreover B．Instead C．Meanwhile D．Otherwise29．A．happened B．refused C．failed D．managed30．A．services B．efforts C．promises D．beliefs31．A．refuse B．abandon C．perfect D．complete32．A．reasons B．results C．functions D．purposes33．A．invention B．revolution C．introduction D．innovation34．A．regrets B．emphasizes C．ignores D．imagines35．A．amuse B．allow C．inspire D．persuade第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。语法填空Associalmediahasskyrocketedinpopularityinthepastyears,36(it)lightning-fastdevelopmenthascausedpublicconcern.Overusingmayleadtomanyseriousproblems,suchasmentalhealthproblems,37(reduce)learningtimeandpoorinterpersonalquality.Moreandmorekidsofallagesareexperiencingunease,anxietyandevendepressionifthey’reseparatedfromtheirphones.YouTubeboasts(吹嘘)many“funny”videosofkidslosingtheirtemperwhenscreens38(take)away.Soit’simportanttokeepabalancebetweenourlifeonthescreen39thatintherealworld.TryingtheseunpluggedDosmayhelp.First,setascheduletoputadults,teensandkidsbacktogetherwithfamily,friendsandneighbors40person.Youcantryboardgamesinsteadofvideogames.Second,getoutside41(regular)todohide-and-seek,plantagarden,orjustsitandwatchthebirds.42(build)ourrelationshipwithnatureincreasesourpeace,positivityandwell-being,43bringsmuchbenefit.Third,getoffthechairorsofatowalk,bike,stretchanddance!Remindyourbodyitcanmoveintoother44(position)besides“LookingatScreen”.Last,practicemindfulnessandacceptance.Mindfulnessistheactofpayingattentiontothepresentmoment,withoutjudgment.Acceptanceincreasespeacewithinus,unlikesocialmediainteraction,which45(promote)self-judgmentandother-judgment.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46．学校英语俱乐部正在举办线上论坛。本期主题是Einstein的名言“Trynottobecomeamanofsuccess,butrathertrytobecomeamanofvalue.”。请你用英语写一篇短文参与网上发帖活动,内容包括:1.解释这句话的含义;2.给合事例谈一下你的理解。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Beingapersonofvalue_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwastheseconddayIleftmylovelyhometownforthecitytolivewithmygrandfather,whowastakingmetothesupermarketforthefirsttime.“Iforgot.You’veneverseenasupermarketbefore,haveyou?”Ishookmyhead,indicatingindifferencetothesurroundings.“Imagineitlikethis,”Grandfathersaid,“Thisstore’sspeakingtoyou.Itistellingyousomeofthenewthingsthatyou’veneverlearned.”Ididnotunderstand.“Atradingpostinaremotetownonlyshowsyouasmallpartoftheworld.Thisstorespeaksofaworldthatisaverybigplace.”“SoIshouldjustforgetmyroots,isthatit?”Angryandupset,Iwasexpressingmyreluctancetolivehere.“Absolutelynot.Carryitwithyou,sothatyoumayfreelynavigateinbothworlds,bigandsmall.”Ignoringwordsfromhim,mygazefellonawomanselectingsomegreenapples.Ithoughtsowhatifit’sabigworld,butI’dratherpurchasewhateverinatradingpostfortheyonlystockedonetypeofapples,atleastallripe!Noticingtheexpressionsonmyface,Grandfatherchuckled.Hegracefullywalkedovertothetablewherethegreenappleswereandselectedhalfadozen.“You’llgetastomachacheifyouconsumegreenapples,”Isaid.Grandfatherappearedasthoughhewasgoingtolaughagain,buthedidn’t.Therewasnowordanymore.IfollowedhimwhileGrandfatherfilledthecartwithournecessities,encounteringnumerousnewitems.Iwasburningtoaskhimwhatthosestrangefoodswere,andwhattheirflavorsandoriginswere.However,IkeptitinmymindthatIwassupposedtobeboredanduninterestedinanything,thus,keepingsilentalltheway.Asweexitedthesupermarket,Grandfatherwassmilingasifheunderstoodsomeprivatejokes.Abouthalfwayback,hegesturedformetostop,bendingovertofindtheplasticbag.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Hepickedoutagreenapple._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:WithhiswordsinmindIcouldn’thelptakingabite,too._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页1．C2．D3．B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了作者的广告策略和为男朋友的汽车修理店争取新客户所做出的努力，并向读者就潜在的广告策略和为男朋友的汽车修理店争取新客户寻求建议。1．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Thefirstthingonmyto-dolistwastogethimonsocialmedia.

Iwasflooredthathehadnosocialmediapresence,whichisnotsurprisingconsideringheisoldschool.(我要做的第一件事就是让他上社交媒体。我很惊讶他没有社交媒体，考虑到他是一个守旧的人，这并不奇怪。)”和第四段“Now,hehasabusinessFacebookpageandanInstagramaccount,althoughitmaynotbeworthmuchyet.

Weareworkingonaweekly“feature”forbothplatformsinordertocreatesomeinterest.(现在，他有了一个商业Facebook页面和一个Instagram账户，尽管它可能还不值钱。我们正在为这两个平台每周推出一个“特色”，以引起人们的兴趣。)”可知，作者首先安排了在网上建立男朋友的形象来促进业务。故选C。2．细节理解题。由文章第五段中“ThisiswhereIamabitlost——howcanweeffectivelyattractmorecustomerswithoutahook?

Myguesswouldbefocusingonthevalue,butI’mnotsurehowwellthatwillworkout.(这是我有点困惑的地方——我们如何在没有钩子的情况下有效地吸引更多客户?我的猜测是关注价值，但我不确定这能有多好。)”可知，他们通过强调服务的价值吸引新客户。故选D。3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Ihopetopickyourbrainonpotentialadvertisingstrategiesandgainingnewcustomersformyboyfriend’scarrepairshop.(我希望就潜在的广告策略和为我男朋友的汽车修理店争取新客户向你请教。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是寻求建议。故选B。4．C5．A6．D7．B【导语】本文是篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一名负责历史上最大的北极研究探险队安全任务的后勤协调员VerenaMohaupt。4．推理判断题。根据第三段“KeepingalookoutforbearswasaregulardutyforMohaupt,thelogisticscoordinator(后勤协调员)forayear-longmissionknownastheMOSAiC——thelargestArcticresearchexplorationinhistory.”（Mohaupt是一名后勤协调员，负责为期一年的MOSAiC任务，这是历史上最大的北极研究探险。），并结合前两段对遇到北极熊时，Mohaupt应对方式的描述可知，作者在开头提到北极熊，是为了介绍Mohaupt的工作内容。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Formonths,theexplorationoperatedinconstantdarknesswhilepolarbearswanderednearby,stormsrockedtheshipandtheiceshiftedandcracked.Then,whentheSunreturned,theicebegantomelt,creatingalife-threateningriskandanightmareforresearcherswhoneededtokeeptheirinstrumentsfromsinking.”（几个月来，探险一直在黑暗中进行，北极熊在附近游荡，风暴摇晃着船，冰在移动和破裂。然后，当太阳返回时，冰开始融化，对需要防止仪器下沉的研究人员来说，这是一场危及生命的危险和噩梦。）可知，探险工作的条件非常恶劣。故选A。6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Taskedwiththesecurityofthemission,Mohauptdesignedanextensivetrainingcoursefortheparticipantsinwhichtheylearnthowtoavoidthedanger,likestorm-rockingandice-cracking.”（为了确保任务的安全，Mohaupt为参与者设计了一个广泛的培训课程，让他们学习如何避免危险，比如风暴摇晃和冰裂。）和“Theylearnthowtoescapefromacrashedhelicopter.Andtheydiscussedthepsychologicaleffectsofbeingfarfromhome.Mohauptbroughtknittingequipment,yogamatsandaviolinfortheirmentalhealth——althoughhavingbeenpreparedfortheisolation.”（他们学会了如何从坠毁的直升机中逃生。他们还讨论了远离家乡的心理影响。Mohaupt带来了编织设备、瑜伽垫和一把小提琴，以帮助他们的人保持心理健康——尽管他们已经为隔离做好了准备。）可知，Mohaupt有着过硬的专业知识和技能，对工作认真负责。故选D。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Shewastheretomakesurethatwewereprotected,”saysMarkusRex,“Mohauptiscertainlythechampioninthefield.””（“她在那里确保我们受到保护，”MarkusRex说，“Mohaupt无疑是这个领域的冠军。”）和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了Mohaupt这名负责历史上最大的北极研究探险队安全任务的优秀的后勤协调员，她是保护北极探险队成员的天使。故选B。8．C9．A10．B11．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项科学研究表明蛾类向明亮方向飞行的倾向不是被光吸引，而是一种行为反应，帮助它们确定向上的方向。8．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Ratherthanbeingattractedtolight,moths’tendencytoflytowardbrightnessisabehavioralresponsetohelpthemdeterminewhichwayisup,suggestsanewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications.(发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一项新研究表明，蛾类向明亮方向飞行的倾向不是被光吸引，而是一种行为反应，帮助它们确定向上的方向)”以及第二段的“Toavoidfallingdowntotheground,insectsneedtoknowwhichwayisup,saysstudycoauthorYashSondhi,aNationalGeographicExplorer.(该研究的合著者、国家地理探险家YashSondhi说，为了避免摔倒在地，昆虫需要知道哪条路是向上的)”可知，昆虫需要知道哪条路是向上的，而光能够帮助它们确定向上的方向。由此可推知，在新的研究中，“飞蛾扑火”意味着光能够暗示飞蛾向上飞。故选C。9．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Withoutsystemstomaintainspatial(空间的)orientation,thebrightnessofthesky,evenatnight,hasalwaysbeenastrongindicatorof“up”——untilartificiallightscamealong.(没有系统来维持空间方向，即使在晚上，天空的亮度也一直是“向上”的强烈指示——直到人造灯出现)”可知，飞蛾不能辨别方向，天空的亮度一直指示着它向上飞行。人造灯的出现让他们出现了混乱，所以看到灯光，他们就会撞上去。所以划线单词的意思为“碰撞”。故选A。10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“First,theresearcherssuspendedalightbulbfromaropebetweentwotrees——resemblingatypicaldownward-pointinglight——andinaseparatetest,theyturnedthelightupwardbymountingitonatripod(三脚架).Inbothcases,insectsleanedtheirwingedbackstothebulb.Butwhenthelightwaspointedup,theinsectsoftenbumpedtotheground.(首先，研究人员将一个灯泡悬挂在两棵树之间的绳子上——类似于典型的向下指向的灯——在另一项测试中，他们将灯泡安装在三脚架上，将其向上转动。在这两种情况下，昆虫都把它们的翅膀背靠在球茎上。但当光线指向上方时，昆虫经常会撞到地上)”可知，向上指示的光线最能影响昆虫。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据最后第一段““Artificiallightsmaycauseamismatchbetweentheinsect’ssenseofwhichwayisupandtruedirectionofgravity,whichspellstroubleforinsectspopulation.”saysSondhi.(“人造光可能会导致昆虫对向上方向和真实重力方向的感觉不匹配，这给昆虫种群带来了麻烦。”Sondhi说)”可推知，Sondhi对人造光对昆虫的影响是担心的。故选A。12．A13．C14．D15．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了曝光效应，即一种我们会偏好自己熟悉的事物心理现象。本文阐述了曝光效应的提出，应用以及原理。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Totestthis,socialpsychologistRobertZajonchadparticipantsreadwordsinaforeignlanguageoutloudandvariedhowoftenparticipantsreadeachword(upto25repetitions).(为了验证这一点，社会心理学家RobertZajonc让参与者大声朗读一门外语中的单词，并改变参与者阅读每个单词的频率（最多重复25次）)。”可知，RobertZajonc测试的关键因素是频率。故选A。13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Researchersstudyingthe“mereexposureeffect”havefoundthatweoftenpreferthefamiliaroverthenovel.(研究“曝光效应”的研究人员发现，我们往往更喜欢熟悉的东西，而不是新奇的东西。)”可知，C选项“我们更相信以前遇见的”是曝光效应的例子。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Researchershavefoundthatourlikingforavarietyofthings(includingpictures,sounds,foods,andsmells)canbeincreasedwithrepeatedexposure,suggestingthatthemereexposureeffectisn’tlimitedtojustoneofoursenses.(研究人员发现，我们对各种事物（包括图片、声音、食物和气味）的喜爱程度可以通过反复接触而增强，这表明重复接触效应并不局限于我们的一种感官。)”可知，“曝光效应”可以应用于多种感官。故选D。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wouldyouratherwatchanewmovie,oranoldfavorite?Wouldyourathertryadishyou’veneverhadatarestaurant,orstickwithsomethingyouknowyou’lllike?Researchersstudyingthe“mereexposureeffect”havefoundthatweoftenpreferthefamiliaroverthenovel.(你想看一部新电影，还是老电影？你是宁愿尝试你从未在餐馆吃过的菜肴，还是坚持吃你知道你会喜欢的东西？研究“曝光效应”的研究人员发现，我们往往更喜欢熟悉的东西，而不是新奇的东西。)”结合本文介绍了曝光效应，即一种我们会偏好自己熟悉的事物心理现象。本文阐述了曝光效应的提出，应用以及原理。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是曝光效应的研究。故选B。16．B17．D18．A19．E20．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了同龄人的力量，青少年可以利用这种社会关系的力量来养成更健康的习惯。16．上文“Peopledotendtochoosefriendswhoaresimilartothem.(人们确实倾向于选择与自己相似的朋友)”和“Activitiesincertainbrainareaschangewhenotherpeoplearearound.(当其他人在身边时，某些大脑区域的活动会发生变化)”讲志趣相投的朋友在身边，你的某些大脑区域的活动会发生变化，该空应该承接上文讲发生变化后会产生什么样的结果，才能引出下文“Youcanusethepowerofsocialrelationshipstogainhealthierhabits—andmotivateotherstodothesame.(你可以利用社会关系的力量来养成更健康的习惯，并激励他人也这样做)”讲人们可以选择利用此类社会关系的力量改变自己、于自己有益，B选项“这会影响你的选择。”切合语境。故选B项。17．由下文“Teensareespeciallyresponsivetopeerinfluence.(青少年对同伴的影响特别敏感)”和常识可知，人敏感是因为在意别人的看法，结合下文出现了“青少年”，该空应该引出各年龄阶段都会有因在意别人看法而变得敏感的人的内容，D选项“不同年龄段的人都关心别人的想法。”切合语境。故选D项。18．由上文“Aresearchshowsthatevenjusthavinganotherpeeraroundcanchangetherewardresponseinthebrainandalsotherisk-takingtendenciesofteenagers.Somepeopleseemtobemoreeasilyinfluencedthanothersandmoresensitivetofeelingincludedorexcludedbyothers.(一项研究表明，即使身边有另一个同伴，也会改变大脑中的奖励反应，以及青少年的冒险倾向。有些人似乎比其他人更容易受到影响，对被他人包容或排斥的感觉更敏感)”可知，青少年有冒险倾向，易受影响，对被他人包容或排斥的感觉更敏感，这都是在讲青少年时期不好的地方，A选项“青春期是一个非常危险的时期。”切合语境，与下文“Butit’salsoatimethatpeerinfluencecanhelpteensthriveifitgetsthemmoreinvolvedwi