中考英语总复习+人与自然专题课件　宇宙探索(地球宇宙探秘)

宇宙探索(地球宇宙探秘)定位课本子话题单元或模块标题功能TheuniverseWY八下Module3JourneytospaceTalkaboutrecentevents话题语境Thousandsofyearsago,ChinesepoetQuYuanwrotethepoemTianwen,meaningQuestforHeavenlyTruth.Hecameupwithaseriesofquestionsaboutthesky,stars,natureandtheworldaroundus.Thepoemshowedhisspiritoffindingthetruth.Inspired(激励)bythegreatpoet,Chinanameditslatestseriesofplanetaryexploration1.

missions

(行星探测任务)afterthepoemin2020.Thefirstoneintheseries—aMarsexplorationmission—hasbeennamedTianwen1,theChinaNationalSpaceAdministration(CNSA)saidonApril24th,2020,China’sSpaceDay.ThisshowsChina’swishtoexploretheuniverse.

Chinahasmadegreatprogressinspaceexploration.In1970,Chinasentitsfirstman-madeearth2.

satellite

(卫星),becomingthefifthcountryintheworldtosendaman-madesatelliteindependently.Since2003,ChinahascarriedoutnineShenzhoumannedmissions.China’smoonexplorationmissions—theChang’eseries—startedin2007.InDecember2018,Chinabecamethefirstcountrytosendthe3.

probe

(探测器)Chang’e4tothemoon’sfarside.

TheTianwenseriesfollowstheShenzhouandChang’eseriesandmovesfurtherintospace.Thefirststepwastosend

aMarsprobe,whichmeantthestartofChina’sexplorationofthered4.

planet

(planet).Theprobewasplannedtocirclearound,landonandexploreMarsinonemission.Itwasthefirsttofinishallofthesetasksinonemission.TheLongMarch5rocketsenttheprobetoMars.

Afterthismission,ChinaplanstovisitMarsagainin2028,5.

aiming

tocollectsoilfromthegroundoftheplanetandbringittoEarth.Around2030,ChinawillexploreJupiterandseveralsmallplanets.

词汇积累一、话题词汇astronomy/ə̍strɒnəmi/n.天文学astronomer/ə̍strɒnəmə/n.天文学家telescope/̍telIskəʊp/n.望远镜

astronomicaltelescope天文望远镜astrophysics/̩æstrəʊ̍fIzIks/n.

天体物理学astrophysicist/̩æstrəʊ̍fIzIsIst/n.

天体物理学家astronaut/̍æstrənɔːt/n.

宇航员 rocket/̍rɒkIt/n.火箭outerspace外太空

spaceshuttle航天飞船UFO=UnidentifiedFlyingObject不明飞行物astrology/ə̍strɒlədʒi/n.占星术astrologer/ə̍strɒlədʒə/n.

占星家orbit/̍ɔːbIt/n.(天体运行的)轨道planet/̍plænIt/n.行星

comet/̍kɒmIt/n.彗星CometHalley哈雷彗星

meteorite/̍miːtiəraIt/n.陨石meteorshower流星雨 ray/reI/n.射线blackhole黑洞

SolarSystem太阳系Mercury/̍mɜːkjəri/n.水星 Venus/̍viːnəs/n.金星Earth/ɜː/n.地球

Mars/mːz/n.火星Jupiter/̍dʒuːpItə/n.木星 Saturn/̍sætən/n.

土星Uranus/̍jʊərənəs;jʊ̍reInəs/n.

天王星

Neptune/̍neptjuːn/n.

海王星Pluto/̍pluːtəʊ/n.

冥王星(被移除太阳系大行星之列)celestial/sə̍lestiəl/adj.天的;天空的

celestialbody天体stellar/̍stelə/adj.星的;星球的 stellarlight星光solar/̍səʊlə/adj.太阳的

solarsystem太阳系solarenergy太阳能

lunar/̍luːnə/adj.月球的,月亮的

lunareclipse月食

extraterrestrial/̩ekstrətə̍restriəl/adj.地球外的extraterrestriallife外星生命

theExtra-Terrestrial=E.T.外星人二、话题短语

宇宙探索1.

journey

to

space

太空之旅2.

space

travel

太空旅行

3.

on

the

earth

在地球上

4.

many

other

galaxies

许多其他星系

5.

in

the

universe

在宇宙中

6.

go

round

围绕……转

7.

seven

other

plants

其他七颗行星

8.

hundreds

of

millions

of

亿万

9.

billions

of

stars

无数(数十亿)颗行星

10.

far

enough

足够远

练习夯基一、课文语法选择(WY八下Module

3)请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Scientiststhinkthattherehasbeenlifeontheearthforhundredsofmillionsofyears.However,we

1

lifeonanyotherplanetyet.

(C)1.A.don’tfind B.didn’tfind C.haven’tfoundTheearthis

2

planetanditgoesaroundthesun.Sevenotherplanetsalsogoaroundthesun.

3

ofthemhasanenvironmentlikethatoftheearth,soscientistsdonotthinktheywillfindlifeonthem.Thesunanditsplanetsarecalledthesolarsystem,andoursolarsystemisasmallpartofamuch

4

groupofstarsandplanets,calledtheGalaxyortheMilkyWay.TherearebillionsofstarsintheGalaxy,andoursunisonlyoneofthem.

(A)2.A.a B.an

C.the(C)3.A.Both B.All

C.None(B)4.A.large B.larger

C.largestScientistshavealsodiscoveredmanyother

5

intheuniverse.Theyareveryfarawayandtheirlighthastotravel

6

manyyearstoreachus.Sohowlargeistheuniverse?Itisimpossibletoimagine.

ScientistshavesentspaceshipstotheplanetMars

7

photos.Theyhaveevensentspaceshipstotraveloutsidethesolarsystem.However,nospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.

(B)5.A.galaxy B.galaxies C.galaxy’s(C)6.A.in B.on

C.for(C)7.A.take B.taken

C.totakeScientistshavealwaysaskedthequestions:Withsomanystarsintheuniverse,arewealone,

8

istherelifeoutthereinspace?Havetherebeenvisitorstotheearthfromotherplanets?

9

hasnoonecommunicatedwithus?Wedonotknowtheanswers...

10

.

(B)8.A.and B.or

C.but(C)9.A.What B.How

C.Why(C)10.A.too B.either

C.yet二、短文选词填空从方框内选择适当的单词,并用其适当的形式完成短文,每词只能用一次,每空一词。train,to,wish,but,other,take,young,country,once,finallyHowlongcanapersonworkforhisorherdream?Thefollowingpersoncangiveyoutheanswer.Afterbeingabackupcrewmember(备份乘组成员)forabout25years,ChineseastronautDengQingminghas

1

achievedhisspacedream.Hecarriedouthisfirstspacemission(任务)withtwo

2

astronautsontheShenzhou15spaceship.

1.

finally

2.

other

ThenameofDeng,56yearsold,wasnotknown

3

manypeopleuntilChinasenttheShenzhou13spaceshipinOctoberlastyear.Hisstory—hewasabackupformanyyears,

4

hestillfollowedhisspacedream—touchedmanypeople.

3.

to

4.

but

DengwasborninafarmingfamilyinEastChina’sJiangxiProvince.Hehasfour

5

brothersandsisters.Asahard-workingstudent,hejoinedthePeople’sLiberationArmyAirForce(中国人民解放军空军)inJune1984.Thenhegotintoafighterjetregiment(战斗机团)inJilinProvinceinNovember1987.Hebecameoneofour

6

firstgroupof14astronautsin1998.

5.

younger

6.

country’s

Inthefollowingyears,Dengspentalmostallofhistime

7

,andhetriedveryhardto

8

everychancetoflyintospace.Nomatterhowdifficultroadtospacewas,Dengnever

9

thoughtofgivingup.

“Beitacrewmemberorabackup,itisthejob.Andthesuccessofthemissioncomesbeforemypersonal

10

,”Dengoncesaid.

7.

training

8.

take

9.

once

10.

wishes

整合提能一、语法选择(2023·中山二模)请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每个选项中选出一个最佳答案。It’salwaysanunforgettabledayformyfather.ThisisbecauseonJuly19,1969,humansfirstlandedonthemoon.Everysummer,hetakesoutoldpicturesandsits

1

thediningroomtable.

(A)1.A.at B.in

C.onMydadwasjusttenyearsoldatthattime,buthedescribeditlikeithappenedyesterday.Hiswholefamilysattogether

2

thepicturesofNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrinclimbingdownthespacecraft(宇宙飞船),andsettinglegsonthemoon.

“Sincethen,we

3

onanotherspacefromourlittleplanet.Marswillbethenext,”Dadthought.AlthoughDadfeltthat

4

taskwasthebest,hethoughtwewouldachievemoreinthefuture.

(B)2.A.watch B.towatch C.watching(C)3.A.willstep B.arestepping C.havestepped(B)4.A.a B.the

C.anMyelderbrothers

5

tospendmoretimeinscience.However,theyfoundtheirowninterests.Youcouldimaginehissurprise

6

I,hisonlydaughter,turnedouttobetheonlyonewhoreallylovedscience.

(A)5.A.wereasked B.asked C.areasked(A)6.A.when B.although C.unlessEveryJuly19ofmyteenagetimes,Isatandlookedattheoldpictureswithmydad.Thepicturesofthose

7

onthemoonencouragedmealot.AndImajoredinstudyingspacewhenIwenttotheuniversity.Iwascrazyabout

8

somuch.Butatthattime,studyingspacewasoneof

9

subjects,sotherewerenotmanygirlsinmyclass.

10

differencethespacemadetomylife!IhopeIcanencouragesomeyounggirlstogetintoit.

(B)7.A.man’s B.men

C.man(C)8.A.its B.itself

C.it(C)9.A.hard B.harder

C.thehardest(A)10.A.Whata B.What C.How二、完形填空Spacesuitsdon’tjustmakeastronautslookcool.Withoutthese

1

suits,astronautswouldn’tbeabletoleavetheirspaceship.Thatistosay,theywouldn’tbeableto

2

onthemoonorworkoutsidetheInternationalSpaceStation.

(B)1.A.private B.special

C.plastic D.expensive(C)2.A.run B.walk C.live D.surfSpaceisa

3

placeforhumanbeings.Firstly,thereisnoairtobreathe.Secondly,spacealsohashighlevelsofradiation(辐射),energythatcanpassthroughourbodiesandmakeus

4

.Thirdly,somepartsofspacearereallycold

5

otherpartsareveryhot.Soastronautscoulddieinafewseconds,ifthey

6

outsidetheirspaceshipwithouttheirsuits.Withaspacesuit,though,astronautscanmovearoundinspaceforseveralhours.

(D)3.A.funny B.natural C.beautifulD.dangerous(A)4.A.sick B.bored C.strong D.relaxed(D)5.A.after B.since C.before D.while(C)6.A.rushedB.jumped C.stepped D.escapedSpacesuitskeepastronauts

7

sealed(密封的)inside.AbackpacksendsO2intoletastronautsbreathenormally.Atthesametime,theCO2

8

astronautsbreatheoutissuckedaway.Thesuitalsoprotectsthemfromharmfulradiationandfast-movingspacedust.

9

thespacesuitisanothersuitthatlookslikeapairoftightpajamas(睡衣)withlittlepipesrunningthroughthem.Waterrunsthroughthesepipesto

10

astronautsbecausewearingaspacesuitcanmakeastronautsveryhot!

(A)7.A.safely B.quickly C.quietly D.terribly(C)8.A.who B.this

C.that

D.whether(B)9.A.Above B.Under

C.BehindD.Between(C)10.A.washaway B.warmupC.cooloffD.cleanout三、阅读理解AMuseumsComputerMuseumThemostinterestingmuseumIhavebeentoistheAmericanComputerMuseum.Ithasinformationaboutdifferentcomputersandwhoinventedthem.Theoldcomputersweremuchbigger.Itisunbelievablethattechnologyhasprogressedinsucharapidway!ToiletMuseumIhaverecentlybeentoaveryunusualmuseuminIndia,theInternationalMuseumofToilets.Themuseumteachespeopleaboutthehistoryanddevelopmentoftoilets.Italsoencouragesgovernmentsandsocialgroupstothinkaboutwaystoimprovetoiletsinthefuture.TeaMuseumLastyear,IwenttotheHangzhouNationalTeaMuseum.Theteaartperformancesshowedhowtomakeaperfectcupofteawithbeautifulteasets.Watchingtheteapreparationwasasenjoyableasdrinkingtheteaitself.ScienceMuseumTheScienceMuseuminLondonisanoisyplace.Peoplecantalkaboutwhattheycanseeanddothereandtherearesomeverynoisymachinesaswell.TheScienceMuseumisinterestingandfriendlyforpeopleofallages.SoifyouevergotoLondon,makesureyouvisitit.1.Howmanymuseumsarementionedintheform?

D

A.Six. B.Five. C.Three. D.Four.2.HowtodescribetheAmericanComputerMuseum?It’s

B

.

A.unusual B.interesting C.relaxing D.noisy3.WhatcanwelearnattheInternationalMuseumofToilets?

D

A.Someinformationaboutwhoinventedtoilets.B.Whenthefirstsuccessfulphotowastaken.C.Howpeopledugcoalfromtheground.D.Thehistoryanddevelopmentoftoilets.4.WhenyougototheTeaMuseuminHangzhou,whatwillyouseethere?

A

A.Theteaartperformances. B.Makingbeautifulteasets.C.Pickinguptealeaves. D.Sometraditionalmagicshows.5.WhydoyouthinktheScienceMuseuminLondonisanoisyplace?

C

A.Becauseyoucan’tbelievethattechnologyhasprogressedinsucharapidway.B.Becauseyoucanthinkaboutwaystoimprovetoiletsinthefuture.C.Becauseyoucanthinkaboutwhatyoucanseeandthemachinesarenoisy,too.D.Becausewatchingtheteapreparationisjustlikedrinkingtheteaitself.BSomepeoplebelievethathumanscouldliveontheplanetMarsbytheyear2100.Ourownplanet,theEarth,isbecomingmoreandmorecrowdedandpolluted.ItishopedthatpeoplecouldstartalloveragainandbuildabetterworldonMars.Hereiswhatlifetherecouldbelike.Atpresent,ourspacecraftaretooslowtocarrylargenumbersofpassengerstoMars—itwouldtakemonths.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,bytheyear2100,thejourneymightonlytakeabout20minutesinspacecraftthattravelatthespeedoflight!However,thespacecraftwouldtravelreallyfast,sothejourneytoMarsmightbequiteuncomfortable.Manypeoplewouldfeelill.Humanscan’tlivewithoutwater,airorfood.Sofar,nobodyknowswhethertherewouldbeenoughwateroraironMarsforpeople.Moreover,scientistsarenotsurewhetherplantscouldgrowonMars.Foodwouldmostprobablybeintheformofpills(药片)andwouldnotbesotasty.Comparedwithlifeontheearth,lifeonMarswouldbebetterinsomeways.Peoplewouldhavemorespace.Theymightliveinhouseswithhugecomfortablerooms.Also,robotswoulddomostoftheirworksothattheycouldhavemoretimetorelax.TherewouldprobablybenoschoolsonMars.Everystudentwouldstudyatonlineschoolswith“e-teachers”.LifeonMarswouldbeinterestingandchallenging.However,itmaytakehundredsofyearstomakeittrue.Sothemostimportantthingweneedtodonowistoprotectourbeautifulblueplanet—theEarth!6.PeoplewouldmovetoMarsbecause

A

.

A.theearthiscrowdedandpolluted B.theywanttochallengethemselvesC.flyingtoMarswouldbefun D.plantscouldgrowbetterthere7.Theunderlinedword“spacecraft”means

A

.

A.spaceships B.hot-airballoons C.spacestations D.plane8.WhatwouldtheflighttoMarsbelikebytheyear2100?

B

A.Fastandenjoyable. B.Fastbutuncomfortable.C.Slowandboring. D.Slowbutcomfortable.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

D

A.TherewouldbeenoughwaterandaironMarsforpeople.B.FoodonMarswouldbemoredeliciousthanthatontheearth.C.PeoplewouldbebusywithworkonMars.D.ThewriterthinkslivingonMarswouldbefullofchallenges.10.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?

C

A.SchoolsonMars B.FoodonMarsC.LifeonMars D.EnvironmentontheEarth四、配对阅读(2023·汕头一模)左栏是五位学生的读后感,右栏是七个世界之最的简介。请将两者进行匹配。

1

MyfatherspentonemonthbuildingoneinourgardenandIlovetodosomereadingupthereinmysparetime.

2

Haha...it’ssointeresting.Iwonderwhetheritgotabirthdaycakeonitslastbirthday.Maybeitcanliveupto300years.Whoknows?

3

Whatastrangename!Doesiteatbirds?Iknowitisnotaninsectasithaseightlegs.ButIamquitecuriousaboutthelengthofitslegs.

4

Itmustbequiterelaxingtoenjoyamealatsuchahighplace.Icanlookdownatthewholecityfromthewindowsthere.

5

Itreallyscaredme!Canitliveonland?Ifitcan,itwillbemoredangeroustohumans.

A.ThehighestwaterfallintheworldisAngelFallsinVenezuela.It’s979metershigh.Peoplesometimesjumpfromthetopwithaparachute(降落伞)!B.Thebiggestspider(蜘蛛)intheworldistheGoliathBirdeater.ItlivesintheforestsofSouthAmerica.It’s28centimeterslong.Butdon’tworry—itisn’tdangeroustohumans.C.Theworld’sbiggesttreehouseisintheUSA.It’sgot80roomsonitsfivefloors,butpeopledon’tliveinthem.Itisn’tsafe.D.TheBurjKhalifainDubaiistheworld’stallestbuilding.Itis828meterstall.Peoplelivethere,andtheworld’shighestrestaurantisonthe122ndfloor.E.Jonathanisagianttortoise(巨龟).HelivesonthesmallislandofSaintHelenaandhe’stheoldestanimalintheworld.Heis185yearsold.F.ThetallesttreeintheworldisacoastredwoodnamedHyperionafterapersoninGreektales.Thetreeisnolessthan115.72meterstall!Itwasdiscoveredin2006.G.ThemostdangeroussnakeintheworldistheBelcher’sSeaSnake.ItlivesintheseainSouthEastAsia.Itcankillapersonin30minutes.1.

C

2.

E

3.

B

4.

D

5.

G

五、短文填空请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。good,it,factory,with,surprise,set,how,encourage,hard,but,for,successAmanseesabutterfly.Thebutterflytriestogetoutof

1

chrysalis(蛹).Themancutthechrysalisandthebutterflycomesouteasily.Tohis

2

,thebutterflyisunabletofly.Ifthebutterflydoesn’tstruggle(挣扎)togetoutofthechrysalis,itcan’tfly.Thestruggledevelopstheenergyinthebutterfly.Similarly,thechallengesoflifebringoutthe

3

inyoungpeopleandpreparetheabilityto“fly”.

1.

its

2.

surprise

3.

best

Whenpeopleareyoung,meetingandovercomingchallengeswillmakethemstrongandreadytofacelife.Forsuccessfulpeople,themorechallengestheyhavehad,themore

4

theyare.Onefamousman,whonowownsmanybig

5

,usedtosellsocksfromdoortodoorwhenhewasyoung.AnothersuccessfulmanisEric.He

6

upacollegeattheageof30.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly16.Heworked

7

inthedayandstudiedhardinthenight.Hisfather’sdeath4.

successful

5.

factories

6.

set

7.

hard

forcedhimtogrowupfast.Hetookupthechallengesandovercamethem.Today,notonlyhehimself,

8

alsohisbrothersandsistersareleadingsuccessfullives.

Nowadays,someparentsandteachersactively

9

youngpeopletofacechallenges.Itisimportant

10

themtolearntomeetchallengesandovercomethem.

8.

but

9.

encourage

10.

for

六、读写综合A.回答问题(2023·江门二模)请阅读下面短文,根据所提供的信息,回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确,语义完整切题。ChatGPTisanAIsystem(系统)thatcanhaveadiscussionandcreatewrittenwork.Itcancreatematerialbasedonwhatithaslearnedfromdigitalbooksandonlinepassages.NowthreehighschoolstudentsinCyprushavedevelopedanunusualrobotwiththehelpoftheirteachers.ItisunusualasitusesChatGPTAItechnology.TherobotisnamedAInstein.Itisthesizeofasmalladultandevenhasascreenforafacethatappearstoshowhumanfacialexpressions.ItspeaksaNorthAmericanformofEnglish.Anditcantelljokes,like“Whywasthemathbooksad?Becauseithadtoomanyproblems.”Therobotenjoysreadingsciencebooksandspendingtimeplayingtheviolin.ThecreatorsofAInsteinwanttousethetechnologytoimprovelearningexperiencesintheclassroom.Infact,theremightbeaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall.BritisheducationexpertAnthonySheldonpredictsthatrobotswilltakeovertheclassroomin2027andteacherswillworkastheirhelpers.Onethingiscertain,though.Arobotteacherisbetterthannoteacheratall.Insomepartsoftheworld,therearen’tenoughteachersand9—16percentofchildrenundertheageof14don’tgotoschool.Thatproblemcouldbepartlysolvedbyrobots,becausetheycanteachanywhereandwon’tgetstressedortired,ormovesomewhereforaneasier,higher-paidjob.1.WhyistherobotinParagraph1unusual?Because

it

uses

ChatGPT

AI

technology.2.HowbigisAInstein?It

is