面向新型电力系统的电力电子变流器虚拟同步控制方法评述

面向新型电力系统的电力电子变流器虚拟同步控制方法评述一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle随着全球能源结构的转型和电力电子技术的快速发展，新型电力系统正在逐步取代传统的电力系统。这种转变带来的不仅仅是技术的升级，更对电力系统的稳定性、效率、可再生能源的接入能力等方面提出了更高的要求。电力电子变流器作为新型电力系统的关键设备之一，其控制策略的选择直接影响到电力系统的整体性能。Withthetransformationoftheglobalenergystructureandtherapiddevelopmentofpowerelectronicstechnology,newpowersystemsaregraduallyreplacingtraditionalpowersystems.Thistransformationnotonlybringsabouttechnologicalupgrades,butalsoputsforwardhigherrequirementsforthestability,efficiency,andaccesscapacityofrenewableenergyinthepowersystem.Asoneofthekeyequipmentinthenewpowersystem,theselectionofcontrolstrategyforpowerelectronicconvertersdirectlyaffectstheoverallperformanceofthepowersystem.虚拟同步控制方法作为一种先进的电力电子变流器控制策略，近年来受到了广泛的关注和研究。该方法通过模拟同步发电机的运行特性，使电力电子变流器在接入电网时能够表现出类似于同步发电机的外特性，从而提高电力系统的稳定性，增强系统的惯性，以及改善可再生能源的并网性能。Virtualsynchronouscontrolmethod,asanadvancedcontrolstrategyforpowerelectronicconverters,hasreceivedwidespreadattentionandresearchinrecentyears.Thismethodsimulatestheoperatingcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,enablingpowerelectronicconverterstoexhibitexternalcharacteristicssimilartosynchronousgeneratorswhenconnectedtothegrid,therebyimprovingthestabilityofthepowersystem,enhancingsysteminertia,andimprovingthegridconnectionperformanceofrenewableenergy.本文旨在对面向新型电力系统的电力电子变流器虚拟同步控制方法进行评述。我们将介绍新型电力系统的特点及其对电力电子变流器控制策略的要求。然后，我们将详细阐述虚拟同步控制方法的基本原理、实现方式以及其在新型电力系统中的应用情况。接着，我们将分析虚拟同步控制方法的优点和存在的问题，并探讨其未来的发展趋势。我们将对虚拟同步控制方法在新型电力系统中的应用前景进行展望。Thisarticleaimstoreviewthevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodofpowerelectronicconvertersfornewpowersystems.Wewillintroducethecharacteristicsofthenewpowersystemanditsrequirementsforthecontrolstrategyofpowerelectronicconverters.Then,wewillelaborateindetailonthebasicprinciples,implementationmethods,andapplicationofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsinnewpowersystems.Next,wewillanalyzetheadvantagesandexistingproblemsofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods,andexploretheirfuturedevelopmenttrends.Wewilllookforwardtotheapplicationprospectsofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsinnewpowersystems.通过本文的评述，我们希望能够为从事新型电力系统研究和应用的科技人员提供有益的参考，推动虚拟同步控制方法在电力电子变流器控制中的进一步应用和发展。Throughthereviewinthisarticle,wehopetoprovideusefulreferencesforscientificandtechnologicalpersonnelengagedintheresearchandapplicationofnewpowersystems,andpromotethefurtherapplicationanddevelopmentofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsinpowerelectronicconvertercontrol.二、虚拟同步控制方法的基本原理Thebasicprincipleofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethod虚拟同步控制方法是一种模拟同步发电机运行特性的电力电子变流器控制策略。其基本原理在于通过算法实现对同步发电机电磁暂态和机电暂态过程的模拟，使电力电子变流器在电网中呈现出类似同步发电机的外特性，从而提高其在新型电力系统中的稳定性和兼容性。Virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodisapowerelectronicconvertercontrolstrategythatsimulatestheoperatingcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators.Thebasicprincipleistosimulatetheelectromagnetictransientandelectromechanicaltransientprocessesofsynchronousgeneratorsthroughalgorithms,sothatpowerelectronicconvertersexhibitexternalcharacteristicssimilartosynchronousgeneratorsinthepowergrid,therebyimprovingtheirstabilityandcompatibilityinnewpowersystems.虚拟同步控制方法主要包括两个方面：有功功率和无功功率的控制。有功功率控制通过模拟同步发电机的调速器，实现对电力电子变流器输出有功功率的平滑调节，以维持系统频率的稳定。无功功率控制则通过模拟同步发电机的励磁系统，实现对电力电子变流器输出无功功率的精确控制，以维持系统电压的稳定。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodmainlyincludestwoaspects:controlofactivepowerandreactivepower.Activepowercontrolsimulatesthespeedcontrollerofasynchronousgeneratortoachievesmoothadjustmentoftheoutputactivepowerofthepowerelectronicconverter,inordertomaintainthestabilityofthesystemfrequency.Reactivepowercontrolsimulatestheexcitationsystemofasynchronousgeneratortoachieveprecisecontrolofthereactivepoweroutputofthepowerelectronicconverter,inordertomaintainthestabilityofthesystemvoltage.虚拟同步控制方法还引入了虚拟惯量和阻尼系数等参数，以模拟同步发电机的转动惯量和阻尼特性，提高电力电子变流器对电网扰动的响应能力。这些参数的设置可以根据实际电网的需求进行优化，以实现更好的控制效果。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodalsointroducesparameterssuchasvirtualinertiaanddampingcoefficienttosimulatetherotationalinertiaanddampingcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,improvingtheresponseabilityofpowerelectronicconverterstogriddisturbances.Thesettingsoftheseparameterscanbeoptimizedaccordingtotheactualneedsofthepowergridtoachievebettercontroleffects.虚拟同步控制方法的优点在于其能够增强电力电子变流器在新型电力系统中的稳定性，减少与电网之间的振荡和失步风险。它还能够提高电力电子变流器对电网扰动的适应能力，降低电网故障对电力电子变流器的影响。然而，虚拟同步控制方法也存在一些挑战，如参数整定复杂、计算量大等问题，需要进一步研究和优化。Theadvantageofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodisthatitcanenhancethestabilityofpowerelectronicconvertersinnewpowersystems,reducetheriskofoscillationandoutofstepwiththepowergrid.Itcanalsoimprovetheadaptabilityofpowerelectronicconverterstogriddisturbancesandreducetheimpactofgridfaultsonpowerelectronicconverters.However,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsalsofacesomechallenges,suchascomplexparametertuningandhighcomputationalcomplexity,whichrequirefurtherresearchandoptimization.虚拟同步控制方法是一种具有潜力的电力电子变流器控制策略，通过模拟同步发电机的运行特性，能够提高电力电子变流器在新型电力系统中的稳定性和兼容性。随着技术的不断发展，相信虚拟同步控制方法将在未来的电力系统中发挥更大的作用。Virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodisapromisingcontrolstrategyforpowerelectronicconverters,whichcanimprovethestabilityandcompatibilityofpowerelectronicconvertersinnewpowersystemsbysimulatingtheoperatingcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentoftechnology,itisbelievedthatvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillplayagreaterroleinfuturepowersystems.三、虚拟同步控制方法在电力电子变流器中的应用ApplicationofVirtualSynchronousControlMethodinPowerElectronicConverters随着新型电力系统的快速发展，电力电子变流器在其中的作用日益凸显。作为一种先进的控制策略，虚拟同步控制方法被广泛应用于电力电子变流器中，以提高其性能和稳定性。Withtherapiddevelopmentofnewpowersystems,theroleofpowerelectronicconvertersisbecomingincreasinglyprominent.Asanadvancedcontrolstrategy,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodiswidelyusedinpowerelectronicconverterstoimprovetheirperformanceandstability.在电力电子变流器中，虚拟同步控制方法主要通过模拟同步发电机的运行特性，使电力电子变流器具有类似于同步发电机的动态响应和稳定性。通过模拟同步发电机的转动惯量、阻尼系数和下垂控制等特性，虚拟同步控制方法能够有效地改善电力电子变流器的动态性能，提高其对电网扰动的鲁棒性。Inpowerelectronicconverters,thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodmainlysimulatestheoperatingcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,makingthepowerelectronicconverterhavedynamicresponseandstabilitysimilartosynchronousgenerators.Bysimulatingthecharacteristicsofthemomentofinertia,dampingcoefficient,anddroopcontrolofsynchronousgenerators,thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodcaneffectivelyimprovethedynamicperformanceofpowerelectronicconvertersandenhancetheirrobustnesstogriddisturbances.虚拟同步控制方法还能够实现电力电子变流器与电网之间的友好互动。通过模拟同步发电机的有功和无功功率调节特性，虚拟同步控制方法能够使电力电子变流器在维持自身稳定运行的同时，积极参与电网的电压和频率调节，提高电网的整体稳定性。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodcanalsoachievefriendlyinteractionbetweenpowerelectronicconvertersandthepowergrid.Bysimulatingtheactiveandreactivepowerregulationcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodscanenablepowerelectronicconverterstoactivelyparticipateinvoltageandfrequencyregulationofthepowergridwhilemaintainingtheirstableoperation,therebyimprovingtheoverallstabilityofthepowergrid.在实际应用中，虚拟同步控制方法已被广泛应用于风力发电、光伏发电、储能系统等领域。通过采用虚拟同步控制方法，电力电子变流器能够更好地适应电网的运行特性，提高可再生能源的并网性能和稳定性，推动新型电力系统的可持续发展。Inpracticalapplications,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodshavebeenwidelyappliedinfieldssuchaswindpowergeneration,photovoltaicpowergeneration,andenergystoragesystems.Byadoptingvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods,powerelectronicconverterscanbetteradapttotheoperationalcharacteristicsofthepowergrid,improvethegridconnectionperformanceandstabilityofrenewableenergy,andpromotethesustainabledevelopmentofnewpowersystems.虚拟同步控制方法在电力电子变流器中的应用具有广泛的前景和重要的意义。未来随着新型电力系统的不断发展，虚拟同步控制方法将在提高电力电子变流器的性能和稳定性方面发挥更加重要的作用。Theapplicationofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodinpowerelectronicconvertershasbroadprospectsandimportantsignificance.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofnewpowersystems,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillplayamoreimportantroleinimprovingtheperformanceandstabilityofpowerelectronicconverters.四、虚拟同步控制方法的优势与挑战Theadvantagesandchallengesofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods虚拟同步控制方法在新型电力系统中展现出了显著的优势。它通过模拟同步发电机的特性，使得电力电子变流器能够更好地融入电网，提高了电力系统的稳定性。虚拟同步控制方法能够实现有功和无功功率的解耦控制，提高了电力电子变流器的调节能力和响应速度。该方法还具有参数整定简单、易于实现等优点，为电力系统的优化和控制提供了新的手段。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodhasshownsignificantadvantagesinnewpowersystems.Itsimulatesthecharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,enablingpowerelectronicconverterstobetterintegrateintothepowergridandimprovethestabilityofthepowersystem.Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodcanachievedecouplingcontrolofactiveandreactivepower,improvingtheregulationabilityandresponsespeedofpowerelectronicconverters.Thismethodalsohastheadvantagesofsimpleparametertuningandeasyimplementation,providinganewmeansfortheoptimizationandcontrolofpowersystems.尽管虚拟同步控制方法具有诸多优势，但在实际应用中也面临一些挑战。虚拟同步控制方法的实现需要精确的模型参数和控制系统设计，这对工程师的技术水平提出了较高的要求。虚拟同步控制方法可能引入额外的谐波和振荡问题，对电力系统的电能质量产生影响。随着新型电力系统的发展，电力电子变流器与电网之间的相互作用变得更加复杂，这对虚拟同步控制方法的稳定性和适应性提出了更高的要求。Althoughvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodshavemanyadvantages,theyalsofacesomechallengesinpracticalapplications.Theimplementationofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodrequiresprecisemodelparametersandcontrolsystemdesign,whichputshighdemandsonthetechnicallevelofengineers.Virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsmayintroduceadditionalharmonicandoscillationissues,whichcanhaveanimpactonthepowerqualityofthepowersystem.Withthedevelopmentofnewpowersystems,theinteractionbetweenpowerelectronicconvertersandthepowergridhasbecomemorecomplex,whichposeshigherrequirementsforthestabilityandadaptabilityofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods.虚拟同步控制方法在新型电力系统中具有广泛的应用前景和重要的研究价值。然而，要实现其在电力系统中的稳定运行和良好性能，还需要进一步的研究和探索，解决其中的技术难题和挑战。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodhasbroadapplicationprospectsandimportantresearchvalueinnewpowersystems.However,toachievestableoperationandgoodperformanceinthepowersystem,furtherresearchandexplorationareneededtosolvethetechnicaldifficultiesandchallengesinvolved.五、虚拟同步控制方法的研究现状与发展趋势ResearchStatusandDevelopmentTrendsofVirtualSynchronousControlMethods随着全球能源结构的转型和新型电力系统的构建，电力电子变流器在电网中的应用日益广泛，其控制策略的研究也受到了广泛关注。虚拟同步控制方法作为一种模拟同步发电机特性的控制策略，以其独特的优势在电力电子变流器的控制中占据了重要地位。目前，虚拟同步控制方法的研究已经取得了一定的成果，但仍有许多问题需要进一步探索。Withthetransformationoftheglobalenergystructureandtheconstructionofnewpowersystems,theapplicationofpowerelectronicconvertersinthepowergridisbecomingincreasinglywidespread,andtheresearchontheircontrolstrategieshasalsoreceivedwidespreadattention.Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethod,asacontrolstrategythatsimulatesthecharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,occupiesanimportantpositioninthecontrolofpowerelectronicconvertersduetoitsuniqueadvantages.Atpresent,researchonvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodshasachievedcertainresults,buttherearestillmanyissuesthatneedfurtherexploration.研究现状方面，虚拟同步控制方法已经在风力发电、光伏发电、储能系统等领域得到了广泛应用。通过模拟同步发电机的机械惯性和电磁惯性，虚拟同步控制方法能够在电力电子变流器与电网之间引入虚拟阻尼，提高系统的稳定性和抗扰动能力。虚拟同步控制方法还能够模拟同步发电机的有功和无功调节特性，实现电力电子变流器与电网的友好互动。Intermsofresearchstatus,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodshavebeenwidelyappliedinfieldssuchaswindpowergeneration,photovoltaicpowergeneration,andenergystoragesystems.Bysimulatingthemechanicalinertiaandelectromagneticinertiaofsynchronousgenerators,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodscanintroducevirtualdampingbetweenpowerelectronicconvertersandthepowergrid,improvingthestabilityanddisturbanceresistanceofthesystem.Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodcanalsosimulatetheactiveandreactivepowerregulationcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,achievingfriendlyinteractionbetweenpowerelectronicconvertersandthepowergrid.然而，虚拟同步控制方法也面临着一些挑战。虚拟同步控制方法的参数整定问题一直是研究的热点和难点。不同的参数设置会对系统的性能和稳定性产生重要影响，因此如何根据实际应用场景选择合适的参数是亟待解决的问题。虚拟同步控制方法在应对电网故障和扰动时的表现还有待提高。在电网发生故障或受到外部扰动时，电力电子变流器需要能够快速响应并保持稳定运行，这对虚拟同步控制方法提出了更高的要求。However,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsalsofacesomechallenges.Theparametertuningproblemofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodshasalwaysbeenahotanddifficultresearchtopic.Differentparametersettingscanhaveasignificantimpactontheperformanceandstabilityofthesystem,sohowtochooseappropriateparametersbasedonactualapplicationscenariosisanurgentproblemtobesolved.Theperformanceofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsindealingwithpowergridfaultsanddisturbancesstillneedstobeimproved.Whenthepowergridexperiencesfaultsorexternaldisturbances,powerelectronicconvertersneedtobeabletorespondquicklyandmaintainstableoperation,whichputshigherrequirementsonvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods.发展趋势方面，随着新型电力系统的不断发展，虚拟同步控制方法将进一步完善和优化。一方面，研究者们将致力于解决虚拟同步控制方法的参数整定问题，通过深入研究和实验验证，找到更加合理和有效的参数设置方法。另一方面，虚拟同步控制方法将更加注重与电网的协调性和互动性，以更好地适应新型电力系统的需求。随着和大数据等技术的发展，虚拟同步控制方法还将与这些先进技术相结合，实现更加智能化和自适应的控制策略。Intermsofdevelopmenttrends,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofnewpowersystems,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillbefurtherimprovedandoptimized.Ontheonehand,researcherswillstrivetosolvetheparametertuningproblemofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods,andthroughin-depthresearchandexperimentalverification,findmorereasonableandeffectiveparametersettingmethods.Ontheotherhand,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillpaymoreattentiontocoordinationandinteractionwiththepowergrid,inordertobetteradapttotheneedsofthenewpowersystem.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologiessuchasbigdata,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillalsobecombinedwiththeseadvancedtechnologiestoachievemoreintelligentandadaptivecontrolstrategies.虚拟同步控制方法在电力电子变流器的控制中具有重要的应用价值和发展前景。未来，随着新型电力系统的不断发展和技术的不断进步，虚拟同步控制方法将不断完善和优化，为电力系统的稳定运行和可再生能源的大规模接入提供有力支持。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodhasimportantapplicationvalueanddevelopmentprospectsinthecontrolofpowerelectronicconverters.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofnewpowersystemsandtechnologicaladvancements,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillcontinuetobeimprovedandoptimized,providingstrongsupportforthestableoperationofpowersystemsandthelarge-scaleintegrationofrenewableenergy.六、结论Conclusion随着新型电力系统的快速发展，电力电子变流器在其中的作用日益凸显。虚拟同步控制方法作为一种新兴的电力电子变流器控制技术，其在新型电力系统中的应用前景广阔。本文详细评述了面向新型电力系统的电力电子变流器虚拟同步控制方法，分析了其基本原理、技术特点、应用场景以及优缺点，并探讨了未来的研究方向。Withtherapiddevelopmentofnewpowersystems,theroleofpowerelectronicconvertersisbecomingincreasinglyprominent.Virtualsynchronouscontrolmethod,asanemergingpowerelectronicconvertercontroltechnology,hasbroadapplicationprospectsinnewpowersystems.Thisarticleprovidesadetailedreviewofthevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodforpowerelectronicconvertersfornewpowersystems,analyzesitsbasicprinciples,technicalcharacteristics,applicationscenarios,advantagesanddisadvantages,andexploresfutureresearchdirections.虚拟同步控制方法通过模拟同步发电机的运行特性，使电力电子变流器在新型电力系统中表现出类似同步发电机的外特性，从而增强了电力系统的稳定性。该方法具有响应速度快、调节能力强、易于实现等优点，因此在风电、光伏、储能等领域得到了广泛应用。然而，虚拟同步控制方法也存在一些不足，如控制参数整定困难、动态性能有待提升等问题。The