新教材英语人教版选择性课时作业6Unit2LookingintotheFutureReadingandThinking

阅读理解AItisquiteapparentthatpetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesortheAmazonrainforest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimates(灵长类动物).Orwewouldprobablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchofmeat.Withoutpetition,Columbuswouldn'thavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhaveinventedthelightbulb.Friendship,likeallrelationshipsbetweentwopeople,involvespetition.Itisn'tpetitioninatraditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinition—thesimultaneous(同时的)demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrinents,livingspace,orlight—betterexplainsit.Asinnature,highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws,similartoashortenedversionofDarwin'stheoryofevolution,overpopulation,andpetition.Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem,rankingandcategorizing(分类)takeplace.Inhighschool,friendshipslearntocoexistwithpetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.Infact,insomecircumstance,petitionistoomuchofaburdenforafriendshiptobear,causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhighschoolobjective.Fouryearsofhardworkistoachievegoodgrades,andastudent'sfateisdeterminednotonlybytheseachievements,butbytherecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachieveasimilarrecognition.Nevertheless,bynecessity,petitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.Itsetsandimprovesthestandardsineverythingfromsportstoschoolwork.Ahealthy,friendlypetitioncanhaveonlybenefits,butwhenitbeestoofierce,jealousy(妒忌)cantearfriendshipsapart.Yet,despiteallthis,withoutpetition,wewouldbelost.本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竞争推动了人类社会的发展以及如何在竞争和友谊中寻求平衡。1．Whatdoestheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain?A．Howtowinthepetition.B．Whatpetitionexactlyis.C．Whattheresultofpetitionis.D．Howfriendspetewitheachother.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Itisn'tpetitioninatraditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinition—thesimultaneous(同时的)demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrinents,livingspace,orlight—betterexplainsit.”可知，这不是传统意义上的竞争，因为没有目标，没有奖励，或许生态定义能更好地解释竞争是什么，两个破折号之间解释了竞争的生态定义。故B项正确。2.Accordingtothewriter,whatcausesthehighschoolstudentstopete?A．Theyknowthelawsofnaturewell.B．Friendshipisaburdenforthem.C．Thenumberofthemistoolarge.D．Theyaredividedintodifferentgroups.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem,rankingandcategorizing(分类)takeplace.”可知，造成高中生竞争的原因是高中生数量过于庞大，故C项正确。3．Whichbestdescribestherelationshipoffriendshipandpetition?A．Friendshipisalwaysbasedonpetition.B．petitionisaresultoflostfriendship.C．petitionisterriblyharmfultofriendships.D．Thedegreeofpetitionisvitaltofriendship.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ahealthy,friendlypetitioncanhaveonlybenefits,butwhenitbeestoofierce,jealousy(妒忌)cantearfriendshipsapart.”可知，健康、友好的竞争能带来好处，但当竞争过于激烈时，妒忌会把友谊撕裂，由此推知竞争的程度对友谊至关重要，故D项正确。4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“petition”？A．petitioniscertaintohappenatschool.B．Theresultofpetitionareoutofcontrol.C．petitionbeesfierceinhighschool.D．Friendshipisnotasimportantaspetitionatschool.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Nevertheless,bynecessity,petitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.”可知，作者认为学生之间的竞争必然存在于高中生活的各个方面，故A项正确。BParentsshouldbanelectronicmediaduringmealtimesandafterbedtimeaspartofaprehensive“familymediauseplan”，accordingtonewremendationsfromtheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics.“Excessivemediauseisassociatedwithobesity,poorschoolperformance,aggressionandlackofsleep，”saidMarjorieHogan,co­authorofthenewpolicy.Familiesshouldhaveano­deviceruleduringmealsandafterbedtime,theguidelinessay.ParentsshouldalsosetfamilyrulescoveringtheuseoftheInternet,cellphones,including,perhaps,whichsitescanbevisited,andwhocanbecalled.Thepolicyalsorestatedtheexistingremendations:Kidsshouldlimittheamountofscreentimeforentertainmenttolessthantwohoursperday;childrenyoungerthan2shouldn'thaveanyTVorInternetexposure.Also,televisionsandInternet­accessibledevicesshouldbekeptoutofkids'bedrooms.Doctorssayparentsneedtoobeythefamilyrules,too,tomodelhealthybehavior.That,somesay,maybethetoughestpart.“Ifyougotoanyrestaurant,Family3.0isMomandDadontheirdevicesandthekidsontheirs，”saysDonald,apediatricianandanAAPspokesman.“Whoistalkingtoeachother？”Childrenagedfrom8to18spentanaverageof7hoursand38minutesadayconsumingmediaforfun,includingTV,music,videogamesandothercontentin2009,accordingtoa2010reportfromtheKaiserFamilyFoundation.Thereportwasbasedonasurveyof2002thirdthroughtwelfthgraders,702ofwhompletedaseven­daymediausediary.Thatwasupaboutanhourand17minutesadayfromfiveyearsearlier.Abouttwo­thirdsof8to18­year­oldssaidtheyhadnorulesontheamountoftimetheyspentwatchingTV,playingvideogamesorusingtheputer,theKaiserreportfound.Useofmobiledevicesbyyoungkidshassoared.AnewreportfrommonSenseMedia,achild­advocacygroupbasedinSanFrancisco,foundthat17%ofchildren8andyoungerusemobiledevicesdaily,upfrom8%in2011.本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一篇调查报告，孩子的肥胖、学业不佳、具有攻击性和睡眠不足通常与过度使用电子媒介有关，因此，家长应该采取一定的措施禁止孩子在就餐时和就寝后使用电子媒介。1．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Parentsareadvisedtobanelectronicmediaaftermealtimes.B．A“Familymediauseplan”isbeingcarriedoutthroughoutAmerica.C．Electronicmediaareevilintheeyesofparentsandeducators.D．Theoveruseofelectronicmediahascausedmanysevereproblems.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Excessivemediauseisassociatedwithobesity,poorschoolperformance,aggressionandlackofsleep”可知，孩子的肥胖、学业不佳、具有攻击性和睡眠不足通常与过度使用电子媒介有关。因此，过度使用电子媒介会引起很多的问题。故选D项。2．Whyshouldparentsthemselvesobeythefamilyrules?A．It'sbeneficialtotheirhealth.B．It'sessentialtoparentingtheirkids.C．It'sbeneficialtotheirwork.D．It'sessentialtodevelopgoodrelationshipwiththeirkids.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Doctorssayparentsneedtoobeythefamilyrules,too,tomodelhealthybehavior.”可知，家长要想禁止孩子在就餐时和就寝后使用电子媒介，也应遵守家庭规则，以身作则，塑造健康的行为方式，可知父母自己要遵守家庭规则，这是养育孩子的关键。故选B项。3．WhatcanbeinferredaccordingtothereportfromtheKaiserFamilyFoundation?A．Themajorityofthesurveyedkidscanuseelectronicdevicesastheylikeintheirhomes.B．Thereportwasbasedonthestat