当代公文中的常用介词和介词结构研究的中期报告

当代公文中的常用介词和介词结构研究的中期报告本中期报告主要研究当代公文中的常用介词和介词结构，分析其特点、用法和常见错误，以提高公文的语言表达能力和规范化水平。一、常用介词及其用法1.in常用表示时间、地点、状态和方式的介词，如：时间：inthemorning/afternoon/evening;inJuly/1999;inthenextfewdays/weeks地点：inBeijing/China;inmyoffice/home;inthepark/street状态：introuble/danger;ingoodhealth/mood/spirits;inahurry方式：inEnglish/Chinese/French;indetail;inwriting2.on常用表示时间、地点、方式和状态的介词，如：时间：onMonday/March3rd/ChristmasDay;ontheweekend;onthatday/night地点：onthecorner/street/side;onthetable/desk/floor方式：onfoot/horseback/bike;onthephone/computer;ontheinternet状态：onfire;onstrike;onduty3.at常用表示时间、地点和状态的介词，如：时间：at9o'clock;atnoon/midnight;attheweekend/holiday地点：atthestation/airport;atthedoor/entrance;atthetop/bottom状态：atease/peace/war;atrisk/stake;atfault4.for常用表示时间、目的和原因的介词，如：时间：fortwohours/days/weeks;foralong/shorttime;fornow目的：forfun/pleasure;foreducation/health;forthesakeof原因：forthisreason/thatpurpose;forfearof;forlackof5.with常用表示伴随、附带、带有和一起的介词，如：伴随：withfriends/family/partner;withasmile/wave;withpleasure/delight附带：withabook/pencil/pen;withaticket/passport;withareceipt/invoice带有：withacold/headache/fever;withafeeling/sense;withaflavor/odor一起：withfood/drink/music;withlaughter/cheering;withapplause/acclaim二、常见介词结构与应用1.inorderto+动词原形表示目的，例如：I'mstudyinghardinordertopasstheexam.2.besupposedto+动词原形表示应该或被期望做什么，例如：Youaresupposedtoarriveontimeforthemeeting.3.withregardto/inregardto/withrespectto/inrespectof表示关于、就……而言或与……有关，例如：Withrespecttothebudget,weneedtocutcosts.4.inaccordancewith表示根据或按照，例如：Allactivitiesshouldbeinaccordancewiththecompany'sregulations.5.onbehalfof表示代表某人或某机构，例如：Iwouldliketoexpressmyopinionsonbehalfofthestaff.6.dueto/owingto表示因为、由于或归咎于，例如：Thedelaywasduetothebadweather.7.bymeansof表示通过或用……的方式，例如：Wecancommunicatebymeansofemail.8.inlinewith表示与……保持一致或符合，例如：Ourproposalisinlinewiththecompany'sdevelopmentplan.9.inspiteof/despite表示尽管、虽然，例如：Despitethedifficulties,westillfinishedthetaskontime.三、常见介词错误1.使用错误的介词，如：inthebed(onthebed)、attheweekend(ontheweekend)2.介词与动词搭配错误，如：dependof(dependon)、agreewith(agreeon)3.在定语从句中无法正确使用关系代词和介词，如：thepersonwhoI'mlooking(for)(thepersonwhomI'mlookingfor)4.介词短语表达含义不明确，如：forl