英语国家概况(谢福之)

OverviewofEnglishspeakingcountries目录IntroductionOverviewoftheUKOverviewoftheUnitedStatesOverviewofCanadaOverviewofAustraliaOverviewofotherEnglishspeakingcountries01IntroductionThiscourseprovidesanoverviewoftheEnglishspeakingworld,exploringthehistory,culture,economy,andpoliciesofcountrieswhereEnglishistheprimarylanguageItalsohighlightstheroleofEnglishininternationalrelationshipsandasagloballanguageofcommunicationThemeIntroductionCourseobjectives01Todevelopstudents'understandingofthegeography,history,andcultureofEnglishspeakingcountries02Toenhancestudents'knowledgeofthepoliticalsystemsandeconomicsofthesecountries03Toimprovestudents'abilitytocommunicateeffectivelyinEnglish,bothwrittenandspoken04Todevelopstudents'criticalthinkingskillsinanalyzingtheglobalimpactandimportanceofEnglish02OverviewoftheUKGeographically,theUnitedKingdombelievesoffourcountries:England,Scotland,Wales,andNorthernIrelandItislocatedintheBritishIslesarchipelago,offthenorthwestcoastofEuropeTheUKhasarichhistorydatingbackover1000years,withasignificantimpactonworldhistoryandcultureIthasbeenaglobalpowerhousethroughmanyofitshistoryandhasplayedaleadingroleinthedevelopmentofdemocraticinstitutionsandthemodernworldeconomyGeographyandHistoryTheUKhasaparliamentarysystemofgovernment,withaMonarchasheadofstateandaPrimeMinisterasheadofgovernmentItisaconstitutionalMonarchywithawrittenconstitutionthatsetsoutthepowersandresponsibilitiesoftheMonarchandthegovernmentTheUKeconomyisthefifthlargesteconomyintheworld,basedonGDPItisamixedeconomywithastrongfocusonservices,whichaccountforoverthreequartersofGDPTheUKhasahighlydevelopedinfrastructureandisknownforitsadvancedtechnologyandscientificresearchcapabilitiesPoliticsandEconomyTheUKhasawelldevelopededucationsystemthatisconsideredoneofthebestintheworldIthasastrongemphasisonhighereducation,withmanyworldowneduniversitieslocatedintheUK.TheUKalsohasawellfoundedandcomprehensivesystemofpubliceducationTheUKhasarichculturalheritagethatisdeeplyrootedinitshistoryItisknownforitsliterature,art,music,andfilmindustries,aswellasitsuniquesenseofhumorandpopularcultureTheUKalsohasadrivingcreativesectorthatincludesfashion,design,andtheperformingartsEducationandCulture03OverviewoftheUnitedStatesGeographyandHistoryGeography:TheUnitedStatesisavastcountry,extendingfromtheAtlanticOceantothePacificOcean,withatotallandareaofover9.6millionsquarekilometersItisdividedinto50states,includingAlaskaandHawaii,andhasarichnaturalresources,includingminerals,forests,andwaterHistory:TheUnitedStateshasalonganddiversehistory,startingwiththesettlementofthefirstEnglishcoloniesinthe17thcenturyThecountryhasexperiencednumericalwarsandconflicts,includingtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar,theCivilWar,andWorldWarsIandIIIthasalsowitnessedsignificantsocialandpoliticalmovements,suchastheCivilRightsMovementandthewomen'ssurplusmovementPoliticsTheUnitedStatesisafederalrepublic,withpowerdividedbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestatesIthasaprestigioussystem,withthePresidentasheadofstateandheadofgovernmentThebicameralCongressesoftheSentandtheHouseofRepresentativesEconomyTheUnitedStateshasthelargesteconomyintheworld,basedonGDPItisaleadingexporterandimporterofgoodsandservices,withadiverseandadvancedindustrialbaseThecountry'seconomyischaracterizedbyastrongprivatesector,withasignificantgovernmentroleinareassuchaseducation,healthcare,andsocialwelfarePoliticsandEconomyEducationandCultureEducation:TheUnitedStateshasahighlydevelopededucationsystem,withastrongemphasisonprimaryandsecondaryeducationThecountryhasnumericalpredictionshighereducationinstitutions,includingIvyLeagueuniversitiesandotherresearchinstitutionsTheUSalsohasadrivingcommunitycollegesystemthatprovidesaccessibleeducationtoawiderangeofstudentsCulture:ThecultureoftheUnitedStatesisdiverseandinclusive,influencedbyvariouseconomicgroupsandhistoricalbackgroundsItisknownforitsmusic,film,television,andpopularculture,includingfastfood,sports,andfashionTheUSalsohasarichliterarytradition,withauthorssuchasMarkTwain,ErnestHemingway,andHarperLee04OverviewofCanadaGeographyCanadaisavastcountry,coveringover9.9millionsquarekilometers,andisborderedbytheUnitedStatestothesouthandtheArcticOceantothenorthIthasadiverselandscape,includingmountains,forests,andnumericallakesandrivers要点一要点二HistoryCanadahasarichhistory,datingbacktothearrivalofEuropeansettlementsinthe16thcenturyThecountryhasauniqueblendofOrigin,French,andBritishinfluences,andhasalonghistoryofmigration,welcomingpeoplefromaroundtheworldGeographyandHistoryPoliticsandEconomyCanadaisaparliamentarydemocracy,withaWestminsterstyleparliamentarysystemTheQueenistheheadofstate,andthePrimeMinisteristheheadofgovernmentTheConstitutionofCanadaguaranteesindividualrightsandfreedomsPoliticsCanadahasadiversifiedeconomy,withstrongsectorsinnaturalresources,technology,andmanufacturingThecountryisaleadingexporterofagriculturalproducts,minerals,andenergyCanadaalsohasawelldevelopedfinancialsectorandisagloballeaderintechnologyandinnovationEconomyEducationCanadahasapubliclyfundededucationsystem,withcomprehensiveeducationfromages5to16Highereducationisalsowelldeveloped,withmanyworldowneduniversitiesTheeducationsystemisknownforitsqualityandishighlyvaluedbybothdomesticandinternationalstudentsCultureCanadahasarichculturalheritage,influencedbyitsOriginpopulation,FrenchandBritishsettlers,andwavesofimmigrantsfromaroundtheworldCanadiancultureisdiverseandinclusive,withvisualarts,music,film,andliteraturescenesCanadaalsohasastrongtraditionofsports,includingicehockey,curling,andcrossingEducationandCulture05OverviewofAustraliaGeographyAustraliaisalargecountrylocatedinthesouthernhemisphere,withalandmassofapproximately7.6millionsquarekilometersItisdividedintosixstatesandtwoterritories,andisborderedbytheIndianandPacificoceansHistoryAustraliahasarichanddiversehistory,withIndigenousAustralianslivingonthemainlandforover50000yearsbeforeEuropeansettlementinthelate18thcenturyThecountryhasauniqueculturalandhistoricalheritagethatisreflectedinitsart,music,literature,andtraditionsGeographyandHistoryPoliticsAustraliaisafederalparliamentarydemocracy,withaWestminsterstylesystemofgovernmentTheAustralianConstitutionestablishedthethreebranchesofgovernment:theexecutive,legislative,andjudicialbranchesTheprimeministeristheheadofgovernment,andthedepartmentismadeupoftheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenatorEconomyAustraliahasaprospectmixedeconomy,withastrongfocusontrade,mining,andservicesThecountryisasignificantexporterofnaturalresources,includingcoal,ironore,andqualifiednaturalgasTheservicesectorisalsoasignificantcontributortotheeconomy,withindustriessuchastourism,education,andfinanceplayingakeyrolePoliticsandEconomyEducationAustraliahasawelldevelopededucationsystemthatisaccessibletoallcitizensTheschoolsysteminsistsofprimary,secondary,andhighereducationinstitutionsAustralianuniversitiesareworldownedfortheirqualityeducationandresearchprogramsCultureAustraliancultureisdiverseandinclusive,withIndigenousAustralians,Europeansetters,andmigrationsfromacrosstheglobalcontributingtoitsdevelopmentAustraliancultureisreflectedinitsart,music,film,television,andcultureAustraliancuisinealsoreflectsthecountry'smulticulturalheritage,withinfluencesfromaroundtheworldEducationandCulture06OverviewofotherEnglishspeakingcountriesNewZealandLocation:NewZealandisacountrylocatedintheSouthernPacificOcean,madeupoftwomainislandsandseveralsmallislandsPopulation:ThepopulationofNewZealandisaround4.9million,withthemajorityofthepopulationconcentratedinthelargercities,suchasAucklandandWellingtonHistory:TheMaoripeoplearetheoriginalhazardsofNewZealandandwerejoinedbyEuropeansettlersinthe19thcenturyThecountryisknownforitsrichhistoryofMāOricultureandthePāKehā'SinfluenceonitssocietyandeconomyEnglishLanguage:EnglishistheofficiallanguageofNewZealand,andthemajorofNewZealandersspeakfluentEnglishHowever,thereisalsoastrongMāOrilanguageinfluenceinthecountry,withMāOribeinganofficiallanguageaswellLocatio