药物和个人护理品去除技术研究进展

药物和个人护理品去除技术研究进展一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle随着工业化进程的加速和人们生活水平的提高，药物和个人护理品（PPCPs）的使用日益普及，其在环境中的残留问题也引起了广泛关注。PPCPs包括各类药品（如抗生素、激素、止痛药等）以及个人护理产品（如洗发水、沐浴露、化妆品等），这些物质通过不同途径进入水体、土壤等环境介质，对生态环境和人体健康造成潜在风险。因此，开展药物和个人护理品去除技术研究，对于保护生态环境和人类健康具有重要意义。Withtheaccelerationofindustrializationandtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards,theuseofdrugsandpersonalcareproducts(PPCPs)isbecomingincreasinglypopular,andtheirresidualproblemsintheenvironmenthavealsoattractedwidespreadattention.PPCPsincludevariousdrugs(suchasantibiotics,hormones,painkillers,etc.)aswellaspersonalcareproducts(suchasshampoo,showergel,cosmetics,etc.).Thesesubstancesenterenvironmentalmediasuchaswaterandsoilthroughdifferentchannels,posingpotentialriskstotheecologicalenvironmentandhumanhealth.Therefore,conductingresearchondrugandpersonalcareproductremovaltechnologiesisofgreatsignificanceforprotectingtheecologicalenvironmentandhumanhealth.本文旨在综述近年来药物和个人护理品去除技术的研究进展，包括各种去除技术的原理、应用现状及优缺点，重点关注新型去除技术的发展趋势和前景。文章首先介绍了PPCPs的来源、种类及其在环境中的分布情况，然后重点阐述了物理、化学和生物去除技术的研究进展，包括吸附、氧化、膜分离、生物降解等方法。文章还探讨了去除技术的实际应用情况，如污水处理厂、饮用水处理、土壤修复等领域的应用案例。文章总结了当前研究的不足之处和未来发展方向，为相关领域的研究提供参考和借鉴。Thisarticleaimstoreviewtheresearchprogressofdrugandpersonalcareproductremovaltechnologiesinrecentyears,includingtheprinciples,applicationstatus,advantagesanddisadvantagesofvariousremovaltechnologies,withafocusonthedevelopmenttrendsandprospectsofnewremovaltechnologies.Thearticlefirstintroducesthesources,types,anddistributionofPPCPsintheenvironment,andthenfocusesontheresearchprogressofphysical,chemical,andbiologicalremovaltechnologies,includingadsorption,oxidation,membraneseparation,biodegradation,andothermethods.Thearticlealsoexploresthepracticalapplicationofremovaltechnologies,suchasapplicationcasesinfieldssuchassewagetreatmentplants,drinkingwatertreatment,andsoilremediation.Thearticlesummarizestheshortcomingsofcurrentresearchandfuturedevelopmentdirections,providingreferenceandinspirationforresearchinrelatedfields.二、PPCPs的种类和来源TypesandsourcesofPPCPs个人护理品和药物（PPCPs）的种类繁多，包括各种处方药、非处方药、化妆品和个人护理产品等。这些化合物广泛应用于人们的日常生活，旨在改善生活质量和健康水平。然而，这些化合物在使用后往往通过不同的途径进入环境，如污水处理厂、垃圾填埋场和直接排放等，从而对环境产生潜在影响。Therearevarioustypesofpersonalcareproductsandmedications(PPCPs),includingprescriptiondrugs,over-the-counterdrugs,cosmetics,andpersonalcareproducts.Thesecompoundsarewidelyusedinpeople'sdailylives,aimingtoimprovequalityoflifeandhealthlevels.However,thesecompoundsoftenentertheenvironmentthroughdifferentpathwaysafteruse,suchassewagetreatmentplants,landfills,anddirectdischarge,therebypotentiallyaffectingtheenvironment.药物类PPCPs主要包括抗生素、激素、镇痛药、心血管药物等。这些药物在使用过程中，一部分会通过代谢和排泄进入污水系统，最终进入水环境。部分药物在生产和使用过程中，由于操作不当或管理不善，也可能直接泄漏到环境中。DrugbasedPPCPsmainlyincludeantibiotics,hormones,analgesics,cardiovasculardrugs,etc.Duringuse,someofthesedrugswillenterthesewagesystemthroughmetabolismandexcretion,ultimatelyenteringtheaquaticenvironment.Somedrugsmayalsodirectlyleakintotheenvironmentduringproductionanduseduetoimproperoperationorpoormanagement.个人护理品类PPCPs则主要包括洗涤剂、洗发水、护肤品、化妆品等。这些产品在使用过程中，往往会以冲洗废水、淋浴废水等形式进入污水处理系统。在污水处理过程中，部分PPCPs可能难以被完全去除，从而随出水进入水环境。PersonalcarePPCPsmainlyincludedetergents,shampoo,skincareproducts,cosmetics,etc.Theseproductsoftenenterthesewagetreatmentsystemintheformofflushingwastewater,showerwastewater,etc.duringuse.Duringthesewagetreatmentprocess,somePPCPsmaybedifficulttocompletelyremoveandenterthewaterenvironmentwiththeeffluent.除了污水处理厂外，垃圾填埋场也是PPCPs进入环境的重要途径之一。含有PPCPs的垃圾在填埋过程中，可能会由于雨水淋滤、渗滤液排放等方式，使PPCPs进入土壤和地下水环境。Inadditiontosewagetreatmentplants,landfillsarealsoanimportantwayforPPCPstoentertheenvironment.GarbagecontainingPPCPsmayenterthesoilandgroundwaterenvironmentduringthelandfillprocessduetomethodssuchasrainwaterleachingandleachatedischarge.部分PPCPs还可能通过直接排放的方式进入环境。例如，一些医疗机构和养殖场等，可能会将含有高浓度PPCPs的废水直接排放到环境中，对环境造成直接污染。SomePPCPsmayalsoentertheenvironmentthroughdirectemissions.Forexample,somemedicalinstitutionsandbreedingfarmsmaydirectlydischargewastewatercontaininghighconcentrationsofPPCPsintotheenvironment,causingdirectpollutiontotheenvironment.因此，PPCPs的来源多种多样，其进入环境的方式和途径也各不相同。为了有效管理和控制PPCPs的环境污染问题，需要对其种类和来源进行深入研究和了解，以便采取针对性的措施和策略。Therefore,thesourcesofPPCPsarediverse,andtheirwaysandpathwaysofenteringtheenvironmentarealsodifferent.InordertoeffectivelymanageandcontroltheenvironmentalpollutionissuesofPPCPs,itisnecessarytoconductin-depthresearchandunderstandingoftheirtypesandsources,inordertotaketargetedmeasuresandstrategies.三、PPCPs的环境影响TheenvironmentalimpactofPPCPs近年来，药物和个人护理品（PPCPs）的广泛使用和不当处理对生态环境的影响已引起了广泛关注。PPCPs通常含有各种化学成分，包括激素、抗生素、防腐剂、香料等，这些成分在环境中的累积和迁移可能对水生生物、土壤微生物以及人类健康产生深远影响。Inrecentyears,thewidespreaduseandimproperhandlingofdrugsandpersonalcareproducts(PPCPs)haveattractedwidespreadattentiontotheirimpactontheecologicalenvironment.PPCPstypicallycontainvariouschemicalcomponents,includinghormones,antibiotics,preservatives,spices,etc.Theaccumulationandmigrationofthesecomponentsintheenvironmentmayhaveprofoundimpactsonaquaticorganisms,soilmicroorganisms,andhumanhealth.PPCPs对水生生物的影响表现在多个层面。例如，抗生素和其他抗菌剂可能导致水生生物体内微生物群落结构的改变，影响生态平衡。某些PPCPs具有激素活性，可能干扰水生生物的内分泌系统，导致性别比例失衡、生殖障碍等问题。TheimpactofPPCPsonaquaticorganismsismanifestedatmultiplelevels.Forexample,antibioticsandotherantibacterialagentsmaycausechangesinthemicrobialcommunitystructureofaquaticorganisms,affectingecologicalbalance.SomePPCPshavehormonalactivityandmayinterferewiththeendocrinesystemofaquaticorganisms,leadingtogenderimbalance,reproductivedisorders,andotherissues.PPCPs对土壤微生物的影响也不容忽视。土壤微生物在生态系统中扮演着分解者的重要角色，而PPCPs的残留可能抑制或杀灭某些敏感微生物，破坏土壤生态系统的稳定性。TheimpactofPPCPsonsoilmicroorganismscannotbeignored.Soilmicroorganismsplayanimportantroleasdecomposersinecosystems,andtheresiduesofPPCPsmayinhibitorkillcertainsensitivemicroorganisms,disruptingthestabilityofsoilecosystems.PPCPs对人类健康的影响同样值得关注。PPCPs在环境中的累积可能通过食物链进入人体，长期低剂量暴露可能对人体健康产生潜在风险。例如，某些PPCPs可能与人体内的激素受体结合，干扰人体内分泌系统，增加患癌症、心血管疾病等慢性病的风险。TheimpactofPPCPsonhumanhealthisalsoworthpayingattentionto.TheaccumulationofPPCPsintheenvironmentmayenterthehumanbodythroughthefoodchain,andlong-termlow-doseexposuremayposepotentialriskstohumanhealth.Forexample,certainPPCPsmaybindtohormonereceptorsinthehumanbody,interferewiththeendocrinesystem,andincreasetheriskofchronicdiseasessuchascancerandcardiovasculardisease.因此，研究和开发有效的PPCPs去除技术对于保护生态环境和人类健康具有重要意义。未来，我们需要在深入理解PPCPs环境行为的基础上，进一步加强PPCPs去除技术的研究和应用，实现PPCPs的科学管理和环境风险控制。Therefore,researchinganddevelopingeffectivePPCPsremovaltechnologiesisofgreatsignificanceforprotectingtheecologicalenvironmentandhumanhealth.Inthefuture,weneedtofurtherstrengthentheresearchandapplicationofPPCPsremovaltechnologybasedonadeepunderstandingoftheenvironmentalbehaviorofPPCPs,inordertoachievescientificmanagementofPPCPsandenvironmentalriskcontrol.四、PPCPs去除技术的现状和挑战ThecurrentsituationandchallengesofPPCPsremovaltechnology随着人们对PPCPs（药品和个人护理品）环境影响的逐渐认识，对PPCPs去除技术的研究和开发也越来越受到重视。目前，针对PPCPs的去除技术主要包括物理法、化学法和生物法。这些技术各有其优缺点，适用于不同的PPCPs种类和环境条件。AspeoplegraduallyunderstandtheenvironmentalimpactofPPCPs(drugsandpersonalcareproducts),researchanddevelopmentofPPCPsremovaltechnologiesarealsoreceivingincreasingattention.Atpresent,theremovaltechnologiesforPPCPsmainlyincludephysical,chemical,andbiologicalmethods.Thesetechnologieseachhavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages,andaresuitablefordifferenttypesofPPCPsandenvironmentalconditions.物理法主要包括吸附、膜分离等。吸附法利用吸附剂的吸附能力去除PPCPs，但吸附剂的再生和更换成本较高，且可能产生二次污染。膜分离法则通过膜的过滤作用去除PPCPs，但膜的耐用性和通量稳定性等问题仍需解决。Physicalmethodsmainlyincludeadsorption,membraneseparation,etc.TheadsorptionmethodutilizestheadsorptioncapacityoftheadsorbenttoremovePPCPs,buttheregenerationandreplacementcostoftheadsorbentishigh,anditmaygeneratesecondarypollution.ThemembraneseparationmethodremovesPPCPsthroughthefiltrationeffectofthemembrane,butissuessuchasmembranedurabilityandfluxstabilitystillneedtobeaddressed.化学法主要包括高级氧化技术（AOPs）和化学沉淀等。AOPs利用强氧化剂将PPCPs氧化为无害物质，但可能产生有毒的中间产物。化学沉淀法则通过添加沉淀剂使PPCPs转化为沉淀物，但沉淀物的处理和处置也是一大挑战。Chemicalmethodsmainlyincludeadvancedoxidationtechniques(AOPs)andchemicalprecipitation.AOPsusestrongoxidantstooxidizePPCPsintoharmlesssubstances,butmayproducetoxicintermediateproducts.ThechemicalprecipitationmethodconvertsPPCPsintoprecipitatesbyaddingprecipitants,butthetreatmentanddisposalofprecipitatesarealsoamajorchallenge.生物法主要包括活性污泥法、生物膜法等。这些方法利用微生物的代谢作用降解PPCPs，具有成本低、环境友好等优点。然而，PPCPs的生物降解性较差，且部分PPCPs可能对微生物产生抑制作用，影响生物法的处理效果。Biologicalmethodsmainlyincludeactivatedsludgemethod,biofilmmethod,etc.ThesemethodsutilizethemetaboliceffectsofmicroorganismstodegradePPCPs,whichhavetheadvantagesoflowcostandenvironmentalfriendliness.However,thebiodegradabilityofPPCPsispoor,andsomePPCPsmayhaveinhibitoryeffectsonmicroorganisms,affectingthetreatmenteffectofbiologicalmethods.尽管目前已有多种PPCPs去除技术，但仍面临诸多挑战。PPCPs种类繁多，性质各异，如何针对不同PPCPs选择合适的去除技术是一大难题。PPCPs在环境中的浓度通常较低，如何实现高效、低成本的去除也是一项挑战。PPCPs去除过程中可能产生的二次污染和副产物也需要引起关注。DespitetheexistenceofvariousPPCPsremovaltechnologies,therearestillmanychallengestobefaced.TherearevarioustypesandpropertiesofPPCPs,andselectingappropriateremovaltechniquesfordifferentPPCPsisamajorchallenge.TheconcentrationofPPCPsintheenvironmentisusuallylow,andachievingefficientandlow-costremovalisalsoachallenge.Thepotentialsecondarypollutionandby-productsthatmayoccurduringtheremovalprocessofPPCPsalsoneedattention.因此，未来研究应着重于开发高效、环保、经济的PPCPs去除技术，同时加强PPCPs的环境风险评估和监测，为保护生态环境和人类健康提供有力支撑。Therefore,futureresearchshouldfocusondevelopingefficient,environmentallyfriendly,andeconomicalPPCPsremovaltechnologies,whilestrengtheningenvironmentalriskassessmentandmonitoringofPPCPs,providingstrongsupportforprotectingtheecologicalenvironmentandhumanhealth.五、新兴去除技术的研究进展Researchprogressinemergingremovaltechnologies随着科技的不断进步，药物和个人护理品（PPCPs）的去除技术也在持续发展。近年来，新兴技术如高级氧化过程、纳米技术、生物处理技术等在PPCPs去除方面展现出了巨大的潜力和优势。Withthecontinuousadvancementoftechnology,theremovaltechnologyofdrugsandpersonalcareproducts(PPCPs)isalsocontinuouslydeveloping.Inrecentyears,emergingtechnologiessuchasadvancedoxidationprocesses,nanotechnology,andbiologicaltreatmenttechnologieshaveshowngreatpotentialandadvantagesintheremovalofPPCPs.高级氧化过程，如臭氧氧化、过氧化氢氧化、紫外光催化氧化等，通过产生强氧化剂来分解PPCPs分子，使其转化为无害或低毒物质。这些技术具有处理效率高、反应速度快等优点，但成本较高，且可能产生二次污染。Advancedoxidationprocesses,suchasozoneoxidation,hydrogenperoxideoxidation,UVphotocatalyticoxidation,etc.,decomposePPCPsmoleculesbyproducingstrongoxidants,convertingthemintoharmlessorlowtoxicsubstances.Thesetechnologieshaveadvantagessuchashighprocessingefficiencyandfastreactionspeed,buttheyarecostlyandmaygeneratesecondarypollution.纳米技术在PPCPs去除中的应用主要包括纳米材料吸附和纳米催化。纳米材料因其高比表面积和特殊性质，对PPCPs具有较强的吸附能力。而纳米催化则通过纳米催化剂促进PPCPs的分解反应，提高处理效率。然而，纳米材料的环境安全性和长期影响仍需进一步研究和评估。TheapplicationofnanotechnologyintheremovalofPPCPsmainlyincludesnanomaterialadsorptionandnanocatalysis.NanomaterialshavestrongadsorptioncapacityforPPCPsduetotheirhighspecificsurfaceareaandspecialproperties.AndnanocatalysispromotesthedecompositionreactionofPPCPsthroughnanocatalysts,improvingtreatmentefficiency.However,theenvironmentalsafetyandlong-termeffectsofnanomaterialsstillrequirefurtherresearchandevaluation.生物处理技术，如微生物降解、植物修复等，利用微生物或植物对PPCPs进行生物降解或吸收。这些技术具有环境友好、成本低廉等优点，但处理周期长，且受环境条件影响较大。近年来，基因编辑技术的发展为生物处理技术提供了新的可能，通过改造微生物的代谢途径，提高其对PPCPs的降解能力。Biologicaltreatmenttechnologies,suchasmicrobialdegradationandplantremediation,utilizemicroorganismsorplantstobiodegradeorabsorbPPCPs.Thesetechnologieshaveadvantagessuchasenvironmentalfriendlinessandlowcost,buttheyhavelongprocessingcyclesandaregreatlyaffectedbyenvironmentalconditions.Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofgeneeditingtechnologyhasprovidednewpossibilitiesforbiologicaltreatmenttechnology,bymodifyingthemetabolicpathwaysofmicroorganismsandimprovingtheirabilitytodegradePPCPs.还有一些新兴技术如电化学处理、光催化降解等也在PPCPs去除方面取得了一定的成果。这些技术各有优缺点，需要根据实际情况进行选择和应用。SomeemergingtechnologiessuchaselectrochemicaltreatmentandphotocatalyticdegradationhavealsoachievedcertainresultsintheremovalofPPCPs.Thesetechnologieseachhavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages,andneedtobeselectedandappliedaccordingtoactualsituations.新兴技术在PPCPs去除方面展现出了广阔的应用前景。未来，随着技术的不断发展和完善，相信会有更多高效、环保的去除技术问世，为PPCPs污染问题的解决提供有力支持。EmergingtechnologieshaveshownbroadapplicationprospectsintheremovalofPPCPs.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousdevelopmentandimprovementoftechnology,itisbelievedthatmoreefficientandenvironmentallyfriendlyremovaltechnologieswillemerge,providingstrongsupportforsolvingthepollutionproblemofPPCPs.六、案例研究Casestudy为了更具体地展示药物和个人护理品去除技术的实际应用效果，我们选择了几个典型案例进行深入分析。Inordertomorespecificallydemonstratethepracticalapplicationeffectsofdrugandpersonalcareproductremovaltechnology,wehaveselectedseveraltypicalcasesforin-depthanalysis.某城市污水处理厂面临着药物残留物超标的问题，这对环境和生态系统构成了潜在威胁。为了解决这个问题，该厂采用了高级氧化技术进行处理。经过一段时间的运行，该技术显著降低了出水中的药物残留浓度，达到了国家标准。该技术还提高了污水处理厂的整体处理效率，减少了能源消耗。Asewagetreatmentplantinacertaincityisfacingtheproblemofexcessivedrugresidues,whichposesapotentialthreattotheenvironmentandecosystem.Tosolvethisproblem,thefactoryadoptedadvancedoxidationtechnologyfortreatment.Afteraperiodofoperation,thetechnologysignificantlyreducedtheresidualconcentrationofdrugsintheeffluent,meetingnationalstandards.Thistechnologyalsoimprovestheoveralltreatmentefficiencyofsewagetreatmentplantsandreducesenergyconsumption.随着个人护理品市场的不断扩大，微塑料污染问题逐渐凸显。为了降低微塑料对环境和人体的危害，研究人员开发了一种新型过滤技术，专门用于去除个人护理品中的微塑料。通过对比实验，该技术在不影响产品性能的前提下，有效去除了个人护理品中的微塑料，降低了其对环境的影响。Withthecontinuousexpansionofthepersonalcareproductmarket,theproblemofmicroplasticpollutionisgraduallybecomingprominent.Inordertoreducetheharmofmicroplasticstotheenvironmentandhumanbody,researchershavedevelopedanewfiltrationtechnologyspecificallydesignedtoremovemicroplasticsfrompersonalcareproducts.Throughcomparativeexperiments,thistechnologyeffectivelyremovesmicroplasticsfrompersonalcareproductsandreducestheirimpactontheenvironmentwithoutaffectingproductperformance.医院废水中的药物残留物种类繁多，浓度较高，对环境和人体健康构成严重威胁。为了解决这个问题，某医院采用了生物降解技术进行处理。该技术通过引入特定的微生物，将废水中的药物残留物分解为无害物质。经过处理后，医院废水中的药物残留物浓度显著降低，达到了环保要求。Thetypesandconcentrationsofdrugresiduesinhospitalwastewaterarediverse,posingaseriousthreattotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.Tosolvethisproblem,acertainhospitalhasadoptedbiodegradationtechnologyfortreatment.Thistechnologydecomposesdrugresiduesinwastewaterintoharmlesssubstancesbyintroducingspecificmicroorganisms.Aftertreatment,theconcentrationofdrugresiduesinhospitalwastewatersignificantlydecreased,meetingenvironmentalprotectionrequirements.以上三个案例展示了药物和个人护理品去除技术在不同领域的应用效果。这些案例表明，通过采用合适的技术和方法，可以有效地去除药物和个人护理品中的有害物质，降低其对环境和人体的危害。这些案例也为其他领域提供了有益的参考和借鉴。未来，随着技术的不断进步和应用领域的拓展，我们有理由相信药物和个人护理品去除技术将发挥更加重要的作用。Theabovethreecasesdemonstratetheapplicationeffectsofdrugandpersonalcareproductremovaltechnologiesindifferentfields.Thesecasesdemonstratethatbyadoptingappropriatetechnologiesandmethods,harmfulsubstancesindrugsandpersonalcareproductscanbeeffectivelyremoved,reducingtheirharmtotheenvironmentandhumanbody.Thesecasesalsoprovideusefulreferencesandinspirationforotherfields.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousprogressoftechnologyandtheexpansionofapplicationfields,wehavereasontobelievethatdrugandpersonalcareproductremovaltechnologywillplayamoreimportantrole.七、未来研究方向和建议Futureresearchdirectionsandsuggestions随着全球环境保护意识的日益增强，药物和个人护理品（PPCPs）在水环境中的残留问题引起了广泛关注。尽管已经有许多关于PPCPs去除技术的研究，但鉴于其复杂性、多样性和不断变化的特性，未来的研究仍面临诸多挑战。Withtheincreasingglobalawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,theissueofresidualdrugsandpersonalcareproducts(PPCPs)inwaterenvironmentshasattractedwidespreadattention.AlthoughtherehavebeenmanystudiesonPPCPsremovaltechnology,futureresearchstillfacesmanychallengesduetoitscomplexity,diversity,andconstantlychangingcharacteristics.新型去除技术的研发：当前，许多传统的水处理方法对PPCPs的去除效果有限。因此，研发高效、环保、经济的新型去除技术是当前的重要方向。例如，高级氧化技术、纳米材料吸附、生物技术等。Researchanddevelopmentofnewremovaltechnologies:Currently,manytraditionalwatertreatmentmethodshavelimitedremovaleffectsonPPCPs.Therefore,developingefficient,environmentallyfriendly,andeconomicalnewremovaltechnologiesiscurrentlyanimportantdirection.Forexample,advancedoxidationtechnology,nanomaterialadsorption,biotechnology,etc.PPCPs的环境风险评估：除了研究去除技术，还需要对PPCPs的环境风险进行更全面、深入的评估。这包括PPCPs的生态毒性、生物累积性、对人类健康的潜在影响等。EnvironmentalriskassessmentofPPCPs:Inadditiontostudyingremovaltechnologies,itisalsonecessarytoconductamorecomprehensiveandin-depthassessmentoftheenvironmentalrisksofPPCPs.Thisincludestheecologicaltoxicity,bioaccumulation,andpotentialimpactsonhumanhealthofPPCPs.PPCPs在水环境中的迁移转化规律：了解PPCPs在水环境中的迁移转化规律，有助于制定更有效的去除策略。这需要对PPCPs在环境中的分布、转化途径、转化产物等进行深入研究。ThemigrationandtransformationlawsofPPCPsinwaterenvironment:UnderstandingthemigrationandtransformationlawsofPPCPsinwaterenvironmentcanhelpdevelopmoreeffectiveremovalstrategies.Thisrequiresin-depthresearchonthedistribution,transformationpathways,andtransformationproductsofPPCPsintheenvironment.加强政策引导：政府应出台相关政策，鼓励和支持PPCPs去除技术的研发和应用。同时，加强对PPCPs生产、使用、排放等环节的监管，减少其进入水环境的机会。Strengthenpolicyguidance:ThegovernmentshouldintroducerelevantpoliciestoencourageandsupporttheresearchandapplicationofPPCPsremovaltechnologies.Atthesametime,strengthenthesupervisionoftheproduction,use,anddischargeofPPCPs,andreducetheiropportunitiestoenterthewaterenvironment.加强国际合作：PPCPs的去除是一个全球性问题，需要各国共同努力。应加强国际合作，共享研究成果，共同推动PPCPs去除技术的进步。Strengtheninginternationalcooperation:TheremovalofPPCPsisaglobalissuethatrequiresjointeffortsfromallcountries.Weshouldstrengtheninternationalcooperation,shareresearchresults,andjointlypromotetheprogressofPPCPsremovaltechnology.提高公众意识：通过宣传教育，提高公众对PPCPs环境问题的认识，鼓励公众采取环保的生活方式，减少PPCPs的使用和排放。Enhancepublicawareness:Throughpublicityandeducation,raisepublicawarenessofenvironmentalissuesrelatedtoPPCPs,encouragethepublictoadoptenvironmentallyfriendlylifestyles,andreducetheuseandemissionsofPPCPs.PPCPs的去除技术研究仍面临诸多挑战，需要政府、科研机构、企业和公众共同努力，推动相关研究的深入进行。TheresearchontheremovaltechnologyofPPCPsstillfacesmanychallenges,whichrequirethejointeffortsofthegovernment,researchinstitutions,enterprises,andthepublictopromotein-depthresearch.八、结论Conclusion随着环境污染问题的日益严重，药物和个人护理品（PPCPs）作为新兴污染物，对生态环境和人类健康造成的潜在风险日益受到关注。本文综述了近年来药物和个人护理品去除技术的研究进展，旨在探讨有效的处理策略和技术创新。Withtheincreasingseverityofenvironmentalpollution,drugsandpersonalcareproducts(PPCPs),asemergingpollutants,areincreasinglyreceivingattentionfortheirpotentialriskstotheecologicalenvironmentandhumanhealth.Thisarticlereviewstheresearchprogressofdrugandpersonalcareproductremovaltechnologiesinrecentyears,aimingtoexploreeffectivetreatmentstrategiesandtechnologicalinnovations.总体而言，药物和个人护理品去除技术的研究取得了显著成果。在去除方法方面，多种处理技术如吸附、生物处理、高级氧化和膜分离等被广泛研究和应用。吸附技术以其高效、简便的特点在PPCPs去除中发挥了重要作用，而生物处理则以其环境友好和可持续性受到青睐。高级氧化技术则能有效降解PPCPs，降低其生物毒性和环境风险。膜分离技术则以其高分离效率和良好的应用前景在PPCPs去除中展现出巨大潜力。Overall,significantachievementshavebeenmadeintheresearchofdrugandpersonalcareproductremovaltechnologies.Intermsofremovalmethods,varioustreatmenttechnologiessuchasadsorption,biologicaltreatment,advancedoxidation,andmembraneseparationhavebeenwidelystudiedandapplied.Adsorpt