Unit+4+Scientists+who+changed+the+world+Grammar+and+Usage+高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldGrammarandusageVerb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements1.TuYouyouhasbecomethefirstfemalescientistofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrize,awardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria,oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory.2.Thankstoherdiscoveryofqinghaosu,malariapatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatlyincreasedchanceofsurvival.verb-ed

formsasattributives4.Bornin1930,inNingbo,ZhejiangProvince,TustudiedmedicineatuniversityinBeijingbetween1951and1955.5.Inspiredbyanover1,600-year-oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater,Turedesignedtheexperiments.verb-ed

formsasadverbials3.Evenwithlargeamountsofqinghaoextractproduced,however,theystillfacedanotherproblem.verb-ed

formsasobjectcomplementbacteriapenicillinmouldReadAlexanderFleming’sstoryandfindtheverb-edformsinthearticle.Verb-edformsasattributivessomethingproducedbythemouldVerb-edformsasadverbialsVerb-edformsasobjectcomplementsthepreparedmindsurprisedbythisgetitsmassproductionstartedExploringtherulesTheverb-edformcanappearbeforeorafteranounorpronoun.Itmodifiesthenounorpronounlikea(n)(2)_____________(relativeclause/adverbialclause).

relativeclauseRule2Rule3Theverb-edformcanbeusedasanadverbialoranobjectcomplement.ExploringtherulesTheverb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga(n)(1)_______(active/passive)meaning.Rule1:passiveVerb-edformsasattributives观察下列句子中动词-ed形式作定语的位置·Theresultsindicatedthatsomethingproducedbythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.·Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.单个动词-ed形式作定语，常被置于被修饰词之前；动词-ed形式短语作定语，常被置于被修饰词之后。注意1：总结1：动词-ed形式通常表示被动含义,但不及物动词的-ed形式除外。arespectedwriter=awriterwhoisrespected

trainedemployees=employeeswhohavebeen

trainedbeforethesunkenship=theshipthathassunkenfallenleaves=leavesthathavefallen比较及物动词的动词-ed形式作定语，通常既表示已经完成，又可以表示被动的意义。不及物动词的-ed形式作定语，常表示已发生的动作。总结：注意2：Verb-edformsasattributives1.Mostofthepeople

(invite)tothepartyarefamousscientists.2.TheEMS

(post)yesterdaywillreachmybrotherinthreedays.3.Therehasbeennothing

(change)heresinceIleftthiscity.4.Sheisa

(respect)teacher.

invitedposted

changedPractice

respectedVerb-edformsasadverbials注意1:观察下列句子中的动词-ed形式表达的意义·Seenfromthetopofthemountain,theriverlookslikeadragon.·Greatlyinterested,Ibegantoreadthebook.·Theprofessorenteredthehall,followedbyagroupofstudents.·Oncebegun,theprojectcannotbestopped.·Thoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.

动词-ed形式作状语，常表示时间、原因、伴随情况等。总结1:adverbialoftimeadverbialofreasonadverbialofattendingcircumstancesadverbialofconditionadverbialofconcession特别提醒：Givenmoretime,hecouldfinishthetask.Givenmoretime,Ithinkhecouldfinishthetask.动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。(√)(×)Changethesentencesintocompleteones.1.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.2.Unlessinvited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.3.Oncecaughtsmokinginthekitchen,thecookwillbefired.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.UnlessIaminvited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.Oncethecookiscaughtsmokinginthekitchen,hewillbefired.V-ed作状语有时可保留连词，构成“连词+V-ed”结构，即:while,when,once,as,though,unless,if等连词)+V-ed。Rewritethefollowingsentences,verb-edformsasadverbials.Practice1.Hewasburiedinanoceanoflonelinessandfeltleftout.

Buriedinanoceanofloneliness,hefeltleftout.2.Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,thegirlwasnolongerafraid.

Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,thegirlwasnolongerafraid.3.Evenifhewaslaughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisresearch.

Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisresearch.Verb-edformsasobjectcomplements1.want/wish/expect/like/ordersth(tobe)doneIwanttheworkfinishedbynoon.2.see/hear/find/feel/think/watch/noticesthdoneIdon’twanttoheartheissuediscussedagain.3.make/get/have/keep/leavesthdoneHehadhiswalletstolenatthetrainstation.4.with/withoutsthdoneWithherhairtiedup,shelooksbeautifulandelegant.Fillintheblanks,usingthecorrectverbforms.1.Iwatchedhim_____(step)offthepavementand_________(disappear)intothepostoffice.2.Thehallwastoonoisyforthespeakertomakehimself_____

(hear).3.Wefoundalltheriversseriously__________(pollute).4.Alicegotherbadtooth__________(pullout)inthehospital.step

polluteddisappear

pulledoutPractice

heard1.Thescientistwhohasbeenhighlypraisedwonanaward.

2.Theexperimentthatismentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.3.Thepatientssoonrecoveredbecausetheyweretreatedwiththenewmedicine.4.Thescientistfoundthattheequipmentinthelaboratoryhadbeendestroyed.

5.Oncethisreportisfinished,itwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.

Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsorobjectcomplements.B1Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.ApplyingtherulesThescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.B2HenryisreadinganarticleaboutFranklin'skiteexperiment.Completethearticlebelowwiththecorrectverb-edformsorverb-ingforms.(1)interesting(2)Knowing(3)tied(4)Conducted(5)accepted(6)arguingUsefulexpressions做实验引起某人的注意偶然启动大规模量产机遇偏爱有准备的。受到致命的电击performtestscatchtheattentionofgetitsmassproductionstartedFortunefavorsthepreparedmind.receiveadeadlyelectricshockbyaccident•LookedataworldmapandfoundtheeasterncoastlineofSouthAmericaandthewesterncoastlineofAfricacouldfittogether;•Didmoreresearchandputforwardthetheoryofcontinentaldrift;•PublishedhisideasinTheOriginofContinentsandOceans;•Peopledidnotaccepthistheorypartlybecause:

»itchallengedmanytheoriesatthattime;

»Wegenercouldnotexplainthedrivingforcebehindcontinentaldrift.

Lookingataworldmap,AlfredWegenerfound...B3ReadthenotesbelowaboutAlfredWegenerandhistheoryofcontinentaldrift.Thenwriteashortparagraphusingverb-edforms,verb-ingformsandto-infinitives.The