烟台2023-2024学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题答案

烟台高三第一学期期中卷高三英语第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AKidsWorldFunShortStoryContestCallingallyoungwritersfromaroundtheworld!It’stimetoreleaseyourcreativityandshareyourincrediblestorieswithus.KidsWorldFunpresentstheultimateShortStoryContest,opentoyoungpeopleofallages.TwoModesofEntry●FreeEntry:getthechancetowinacertificateandhaveyourstorypublishedonourwebsite.●EntryFeeof$10:getthechancetoreceiveacashprizeaswellasacertificateandhaveyourstorypublished.Paymentlinkswillbesentviaemailfortheseentries.AmazingPrizesAwaitFirstPrize:$100,certificateandpublication;SecondPrize:$75,certificateandpublication;ThirdPrize:$50,certificateandpublication.Highlymentedstorieswillalsobepublishedfortheworldtoenjoy.ContestCategoriesandWordLimitsToensurefairness,wehavesetthreecategoriesforwriterstochoosefromandminimumandmaximumwordlimitsforeachcategory.CategoriesAgesWordLimitsMinimumMaximumSubjunior79300words1000wordsJunior1012500words1000wordsSenior1316700words1000wordsSubmissionGuidelines●Includeproofofagewithyourentry(scanortakeaphotoofyouridentitycard).Entrieswithoutproofofagewillbedisqualified.●Yourstorymustbeoriginalandunpublished.●Typeyourstoryout.Ourjudgeswillevaluateeachstorybasedoncontent,languageandwritingstyle.Theirdecisionwillbefinal.Formoreinformation,pleasecontactusat.We’reheretoassistyoueverystepoftheway.Don’tmissthisincredibleopportunitytoshowcaseyourtalentandwinamazingprizes!EntertheKidsWorldFunShortStoryContesttoday!1.Whatmayafreeentrysecondprizewinnerget?A.Arewardof$10. B.Acertificateandpublication.C.Prizemoneyandhonors. D.$75,certificateandpublication.2.Whichofthefollowingmeetstheentryrequirements?A.Ahandwrittendraft. B.Asciencefictionof1500words.C.Anawardwinningessay. D.Aprintoutofa900wordoriginalstory.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Topromoteareadingwebsite. B.Toappealforparticipation.C.Toexplainanapplicationprocess. D.Toteachkidswritingprinciples.BForsharks,theMesoamericanReef,whichstretchesover600miles,isabusyhighway.Sharksuseittofindtheirwayanditprovidesthemwithfoodandhabitat.Butaswithonlandhighways,thissuperhighwaycanbedangerous.Overfishing,mercialdevelopmentandillegalpracticesareendangeringthespecies.“We’reseeingacontinueddeclineinsharkpopulations.Ourgoalistoturnthatround.”saysRachelGraham,founderofMarAlliance,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonconservingsharks.Bymonitoringsharks,MarAlliancecancollectimportantknowledgeonthespeciestohelpinformconservationandpushforpoliticalaction.Butratherthanactinginoppositiontothelocalfishingmunity,MarAllianceenliststheirhelp.“Theyaretheoneswhoareontheseaeverysingleday,”saysGraham,“andthey’retheoneswhodecidethespecies’future.”MarAllianceemploysupto60fishermenacrossitsrange,mostlyonaprojectbasis,trainingthemtocollectdata,recordandreleasefish.Notonlydoesthisprovideanalternativeinetofishingmunities,makingthemlessdependentonnaturalresources,butitalsoteachesthemaboutthebenefitsofahealthyoceanecosystemandhowtofishsustainably.Amongthem,IvanTorres,whousedtocatchsharkstoselllocallyasfood,haslearnedhowcriticalthey’retothewholeecosystem,sayinghe’dneverfishsharksanymore.Ifthisattitudechangecontinuestospreadthroughoutfishingmunities,Grahamhashopeforthesharkpopulations.“Theprimarythreattosharksisunquestionablyoverfishing,”shesays,“Byreformingtheindustry,populationscanbounceback.”In2020,Belizeoutlawedtheuseofgillnets,largepanelsofnettingoftrappinglargesealife.Theban’simpactisalreadynoticeablewitharecorded10foldincreaseinsharkpopulations.Butsuchregulationsneedtobecopiedalongthewholesuperhighwayforlonglastingimpact,andcountriesneedtofindasustainablebalancebetweenfishersandthefished.“Weneedtofindawinwinstrategybetweenfisherlivelihoodsandsharksurvival,”Grahamemphasizes.“Ihopethatthrougheducationandprovidinganeconomicalternativeforfishingmunities,MarAlliancewillhelpensuresafepassageforsharksalongthereef”.4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheMesoamericanReefforsharks?A.Romanticbutmessy. B.Vitalbutinsecure.C.Adventurousbutbeautiful. D.Unfamiliarbutreliable.5.Whatdoestheunderlined“they”inparagraph4referto?A.MarAlliance. B.Thefishers.C.Monitoringauthorities. D.Thesharks.6.WhatcontributedtoIvan’sattitudeshiftapartfromeducation?A.Astricterfishingban. B.Theinsurancepayoutheearned.C.Anofferofextrawork. D.Thefishingmunities’intervention.7.Whatismainlystressedinthelastparagraph?A.Solutiontooverfishing. B.DifficultiesfacingMarAlliance.C.Impactofexistingregulations. D.Featuresofinternationalcooperation.CJimmyJiangenvisionsafuturewhereeveryhouseispoweredbyrenewableenergystoredinbatteries.JiangandhisteamattheUniversityofCincinnatihavedevelopedanewbatterythatcouldhavefarreachingimplicationsforthelargescale(大规模)energystorageneededbywindandsolarfarms.“Batteriesstorerenewableenergyforwhenit’sneeded,notjustwhenit’sproduced.Thisiscrucialforgettingthemostoutofwindandsolarpower,”Jiangsaid.“Energygenerationandenergyconsumptionisalwaysmismatched.That’swhyit’simportanttohaveadevicethatcanstorethatenergytemporarilyandreleaseitwhenit’sneeded.”TheydescribedtheirnoveldesigninthejournalNaturemunications.Traditionalcarbatteriescontainamixofsulfuricacidandwater.Whilethey’reinexpensiveandmadefromreadilyavailablematerials,theyhaveseveredrawbacksforindustrialorlargescaleuse.Theyhaveaverylowenergydensity(密度),whichisn’tsuitableforstoringsufficientpowerneededtopoweracity.Andtheyhavealowlevelforelectrochemicalstability,whichmeanstheycanblowup.Waterhasavoltage(电压)limit.Oncethevoltageofsuchabatterygoesbeyondthestabilitywindowof1.5volts,thewatercandeposeintohydrogenandoxygen,whichisexplosive.ButJiangandhisstudentshavedevelopedabatterywithoutwaterthatcangeneratenearly4voltsofpower.Jiang’snoveldesigndoessobyremovingfromabatterythemembrane,whichisahugeponentofupfrontcostsandaccountsforasmuchas30%ofthecostofthebattery.Theyinventedanewtypeofenergystoragematerialthatimprovesperformanceatalowercost.“Membranesarealsoinefficient.Theycan’tseparatethepositiveandnegativesidespletely,sothereisalwayscrossover,”hesaid.Thegrouphassubmittedtemporarypatentapplications.“Thereisstillalongwaytogo,butwe’readvancingtowardadramaticbatterytransformationinthenextdecade.I’mconfidentaboutthat.Thereisalotofintenseresearchgoingintopushingtheboundariesofbatteryperformance,”Jiangsaid.8.What’smainlytalkedaboutinparagraph3?A.Whybatteriesareessential. B.Howtostorerenewableenergy.C.Whygreenenergyisneeded. D.Howtoconservenaturalresources.9What’stheproblemwithtraditionalcarbatteries?A.They’retoopricy. B.They’remadeofrarematerials.CThey’reslowtocharge. D.Theyhaveapotentialexplosionrisk.10.WhatcanwesayaboutJiang’snoveldesign?A.Itmayreshapethebatteryindustry. B.It’sinappropriateforlargescaleuse.C.Itmayhelpminimizepowerconsumption. D.It’ssubjecttomatureindustrystandards.11.WhatisJiang’sattitudetowardstheprospectofthebattery?A.Dismissive. B.Uncertain. C.Positive. D.Pessimistic.DImaginebeinganOlympicracer.Beforesteppingontothetrack,youhavetodecidewhichpairofshoestowear:Onemadefromsustainablematerialsoratraditionallybuiltmodel?Ifyou’relikemostpeople,you’doptforthenonsustainableversion.Consumerbehaviorresearchindicatessustainableproductsareoftenassumedtobeweaker,lessdurableandperformworsethannonsustainableones.Butarethereinstancesinwhichsustainabilityisnotaliability?Toinvestigatethis,researchersconductedaseriesofstudies.Theytheorizedthatundersomecircumstances,sustainabilitymayprovideahaloeffect,meaningthatbeingperceivedassustainablealsoleadsconsumerstoassumeotherpositivecharacteristicsaboutthemaswell.Inthefirststudy,595participantswereaskedtomakejudgmentsaboutseveralhouseholdproductslikewashingpowder.Theresultssuggestone’svaluesdoplayarole:Peoplewithhigherenvironmentalvaluesviewedsustainableproductsasalsobeinghigherperforming,thuslendingsupportforthehaloeffecttheory.Thesecondexperimentlookedspecificallyattheeffectofmessaging,testingtoseewhetherfocusingthesustainabilityclaimsonthepany,asopposedtotheproduct,wouldbemoreeffectiveindrivingparticipants’beliefinproductperformance.270participantswereasked.Theresultssuggestthatassociatingsustainabilitywiththepanyhasamuchlargerimpactthanmessagingaboutproductsustainability.Study3soughttofurtherexpandthesemechanismsbyexaminingtheinfluenceofsocietalimpact.148participantswhosawvariousadvertisementsforproductseitherdescribedashavinga“sustainablebenefit”or“societalbenefit”weremorelikelytoseetheproductsasbeingofhigherperformanceiftheywerepresentedaspositivelyimpactingsociety,aboveandbeyondmerelybeingsustainable,supportingtheideathatthehaloeffectisdrivenbythebeliefofthepanyasamoralagentengagedinsociallybeneficialbehavior.Contrarytopreviousthinking,thisresearchillustratesthatsustainabilityclaimscanproducepositivebeliefaboutproductperformanceintheaboveconditions.Likethetrackstar,consumersoftenfeelsustainabilityandperformanceexcludeeachother.Whenthebrand(品牌)presentsitjusttherightway,theredoesn’tneedtobeatradeoff.Thesecanbeoneandthesame.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“liability”inparagraph2mean?A.Priority. B.Secret. C.Drag. D.Target.13ProductsustainabilityproducesapositivehaloeffectwhensustainabilityclaimsA.highlighttheproduct B.areaimedtogenerateprofitsC.contrastwithconsumers’values D.aremadeaboutthepanyitself14.Onwhatbasisdidtheresearchersreachthestudyoute?A.Previousexperience. B.Salesstatistics.C.Respondents’opinions. D.Socialphenomenon.15.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowGreenProductsBenefitConsumersB.HowConsumersViewpanyCultureC.HowSustainabilityClaimsImpactProductQualityD.HowPsychologyHelpstheBeliefinGreenProducts第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Yourneighborsareprobablythefirstlineofdefenseincaseofanyproblematicsituation.____16____Itgivesyouanassurancethatyouhavepeopleclosebylookingoutforyou.Hereareeasilyapplicabletipsoncreatingstrongerneighborrelationships.Thefirststepisintroducingyourselfwhenyoumovetoanewneighborhoodorwhenanewermovesin.Leavethemanoteundertheirdoortointroduceyourself.____17____Itdoesn’thavetocostyouafortuneandoptingforapottedplantorbakedbiscuitswilldo.Theseactionspresentexcellentopportunitiestoconnectwiththem.Berespectfulofyourneighbors.It’sinpoortastetohaveregularinsensitivepartiesatyourplacecausingdisturbances.Beforeyourparty,it’sgoodpracticetonotifyyourneighbors.Besides,avoidchattingthemupforhoursonend,whichmaybeinconvenient,especiallyifyoudon’tknowtheirschedules.____18____Whenyouborrowanything,returnitinduetime.Ifyouaccidentallybreaktheirthings,replacethemwithoutbeingaskedto.____19____Youcouldoffertobabysityourneighbors’kids,helpwithsnowremovalsorevenkeepaneyeontheirhomewhenthey’reaway.Suchactsofreachingouttoyourneighborsmakeforstrongerrelationships.AsEmmaSeppäläputit,“socialconnectednessgeneratesapositivefeedbackloop(圈)ofsocial,emotionalandphysicalwellbeing.”Itfeelssoeasytojuststayhomewithouthavingtoengagewithyourneighborsbutconnectingwiththemisworththeeffort.____20____A.Remembereverysmallgesturecounts.B.Acrisisisatestofmunicationskills.C.Itcanactuallyboostyourmoodinthelongrun.D.Slippingitintheirmailboxfurthersolidifiesfriendship.E.It’sessentialtoensureyoumaintaindecentrelationshipswiththem.F.Alternatively,youcangivethemagiftwhilemakingyourselfknowntothem.G.Onlybyestablishinghealthyboundarieswillyouachievepeacefulcoexistence.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhitedressedupasCaptainAmericafortheannualAntiBullying(反霸凌)SuperheroDay.Butwhenspotting____21____oneafternoon,hecouldn’t____22____anysuperpowers.Itwasrushhour.Whitewas____23____homewhenhenoticedapickupontheoppositesideofthetwowaystreet.Itwashardto____24____,foritwascrashingintothecurb(马路牙子)beforecoursecorrecting,onlytohititagain.Asthecardrewcloser,Whitegotagoodlookatthe____25____:Thedriverappearedtobeasleep.Hehadto____26____thatvehicle.____27____,WhitemadeaUturn,facinginthesamedirectionasthepickup,buttherewerefourcars____28____them.Whitepressedhishorn,hopingthecarsinfrontwouldmoveaside.Theydidn’t.Trapped,Whitepulledhiscarover.He____29____upthesidewalk,cutintotheroadandranaroundtothedriver’sside.White____30____theframe(框)oftheopenwindow,hislegsmovinginstepwiththepickup,andwithamighty____31____,jumpedin.DeAngelis,themanbehindthe____32____,hadunexpectedlyfaceddangerouslylowbloodsugar,andjusteto.Hewas____33____bytheoddsightofastrangerlyingacrosshisstomach.Whiteimmediatelybroughtthepickuptoastop.DeAngeliswasrushedtoahospital,whereitwasdeterminedthathadhisbloodsugargonelower,hislifecouldhavebeenendangered.White____34____asuperhero,buthisquickthinkinganddaring____35____madehimareallifehero.21A.barrier B.unfairness C.violence D.trouble22.A.givewayto B.fallbackon C.getaround D.forgetabout23.A.cycling B.running C.driving D.walking24.A.locate B.miss C.search D.contact25.A.oute B.tendency C.process D.problem26.A.stop B.move C.report D.disable27.A.Mistakenly B.Sincerely C.Decidedly D.Hesitantly28.A.following B.separating C.threatening D.approaching29.A.waved B.escaped C.wandered D.raced30.A.struck B.measured C.grabbed D.broke31.A.bug B.lift C.blow D.kick32.A.scene B.pickup C.wheel D.seat33.A.shocked B.ashamed C.discouraged D.amused34.A.protected B.encountered C.created D.played35.A.rescue B.visit C.guidance D.ment第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThecraftofShaoLujie,a28yearoldChinesecraftsmanfromJinhua,ZhejiangProvince,isknown____36____quilling—aformofartthatinvolvestheuseofpaperstrips(纸条)thatarerolled,shapedandgluedtogethertoformplexdesigns.Shao’sworksmainlyfeatureflowersandotherplants.Hecreatedmultipleworksforthe19thAsianGames,featuringtheevent’sthreemascots(吉祥物)andlogo.Inthepastfewyears,Shao____37____(develop)culturalandcreativeproductswithlocalcharacteristics.Hisanother____38____(improve)isthattechniquesandequipmenthavebeensimplified,makingiteasierforpeopletotry.Sincechildhood,Shaohasenjoyedpaintingandhandicrafts.____39____(finish)thelearningofquillingin2016fromamasteroftheart,Shaobegantodevotehimself____40____(entire)tothecraft.Later,byimitatingtheworksofhisinstructors,helearnedhow____41____(integrate)newmethodsintohisownworks,biningthispaperarthandicraftwithpaintinganddifferentdesignelements.Inanage____42____AIgeneratedartworksareenteringtheartmarket,Shaostillstickstothisancientcraft.Everystep—weaving,cutting,rubbing,folding,andpressing—____43____(do)byhand.Togetyoungstersinterestedinthecraft,Shaohasgoneonline,sharingarticles____44____(write)byhimselfandpostingpicturesofhislatestworks.Shaoisconsidering____45____(open)anexhibitionhallsothatmorepeoplecanlearnaboutthiscraftand,ideally,passitdown,tofuturegenerations.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.上周你班开展了“五育之星”—美德、学习、体育、艺术、劳动之星的评选活动。请你以“Starof______”为题，为班级英语角写篇短文，介绍其中一位同学李好，内容包括：1.他/她被推选为“……之星”的原因；2.号召大家向他/她学习。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请将题目补充完整，并按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Starof____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。InahousefarfromthecitylivedJohnandhismother.John’sonlyhobbywaswanderinginthenearbypicturesqueforest.Initscenterwasashinyclearlakewithschoolsoffishdancinginit.Lovelyanimalssuchasdeerorrabbitswereplayingaroundandcutebirdsweresingingintrees.Fascinatedbythebeautyandlivelinessofnature,hedesiredtobeeagreatartistandpresentallthebreathtakingscenestotheworld.Johnstudiedinthelocalprimaryschool.LifewasnoteasyforJohnandhismomafterhisfatherdied.Knowingwhathardworkhismotherdidtomakeendsmeet,Johnreallydidn’twanthismothertoworry.Hismotherknewthesignificanceofeducationinlifebutshewasagainsthisdreamofbeinganartist.“Theprofessionofartistcan’taidapersoninmeetinghisdailyexpenses,”shewouldsay.Butaseachdaypassed,John’sdreambecamemorepassionate.Duetothelivingcircumstances,evenbuyingsomenewcolorswouldbealuxury.Johnonlyusedtheworndrawingfileandlimitedcolorsforhisdailypractice.Thoughlackingfinepaintingmaterials,henevergaveupdrawing.Hespentasignificantamountoftimestayingintheforest,secretlyperfectinghiscraft.Withcontinuoushardworkandadistinctgiftforart,hedrewbeautifully.OnedayJohnreadaboutapetitionbeingheldinthetown,whosedeadlinewasonlytwodaysaway.Hegottheperfectopportunitytofulfillhisdesirebuthewasinadilemma(两难境地)asforthepetitionheneededspecialpaintsandsomebrushes.Hedidn’thavethecouragetoaskhismotherformoneyasheknewherprejudiceagainstart.Thateveninghismomreturnedfromworkandhandedhimafewpapernotes,saying,“Thisisforyourlunchatschoolnextmonth.”Themoneywasenoughforhisdesiredmaterials!John’sfacelitup.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Earlythenextmorning,Johnsecretlylefthomewiththemoney.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Aweeklater,aphonecallcametoJohn’shome.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】1.D2.D3.B【1题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二个黑标题AmazingPrizesAwait下第二行“SecondPrize:$75,certificateandpublication(二等奖：75美元，证书及出版)”可知，二等奖得主可以得到75美元，证书及出版。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。由文章四个黑标题SubmissionGuidelines下第三行“Yourstorymustbeoriginalandunpublished.(你的故事必须是原创的和未发表的。)”可知，参赛作品不能是一篇获奖文章。由文章四个黑标题SubmissionGuidelines下第四行“Typeyourstoryout.(把你的故事打出来。)”可知，参赛作品不能是手稿。由文章表格的最后一栏“Maximum”和“1000words(1000字)”可知，文章字数不超过1000。故选D。3题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Callingallyoungwritersfromaroundtheworld!It’stimetoreleaseyourcreativityandshareyourincrediblestorieswithus.(号召来自世界各地的年轻作家！是时候释放你的创造力，和我们分享你不可思议的故事了。)”可知，文章主要是呼吁各地的年轻作家参与大赛。故选B。【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.A【4题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Sharksuseittofindtheirwayanditprovidesthemwithfoodandhabitat.(鲨鱼用它来找路，它为它们提供食物和栖息地)”和第二段的“Butaswithonlandhighways,thissuperhighwaycanbedangerous.Overfishing,mercialdevelopmentandillegalpracticesareendangeringthespecies.(但与陆地高速公路一样，这条超级高速公路也可能很危险。过度捕捞、商业开发和非法行为正在危及该物种)”可知，中美洲珊瑚礁对鲨鱼来说很重要但又充满危险。故选B。【5题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“Butratherthanactinginoppositiontothelocalfishingmunity,MarAllianceenliststheirhelp.(但是，“海洋联盟”并没有采取反对当地渔业社区的行动，而是寻求他们的帮助)”以及第四段中“theoneswhoareontheseaeverysingleday(他们每天都在海上)”可知，每天都在海上的人是渔夫们。由此可知，划线词They指的是渔夫们。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Notonlydoesthisprovideanalternativeinetofishingmunities,makingthemlessdependentonnaturalresources,butitalsoteachesthemaboutthebenefitsofahealthyoceanecosystemandhowtofishsustainably.(这不仅为渔业社区提供了另一种收入来源，使他们减少对自然资源的依赖，而且还教会他们了解健康的海洋生态系统的好处以及如何可持续地捕鱼)”以及第六段中“Amongthem,IvanTorres,whousedtocatchsharkstoselllocallyasfood,haslearnedhowcriticalthey’retothewholeecosystem,sayinghe’dneverfishsharksanymore.(其中，伊万·托雷斯曾经捕捞鲨鱼作为食物在当地出售，他已经了解到鲨鱼对整个生态系统的重要性，他说他再也不会捕捞鲨鱼了)”可推知，渔业社区的干预促成了伊万态度的转变。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Butsuchregulationsneedtobecopiedalongthewholesuperhighwayforlonglastingimpact,andcountriesneedtofindasustainablebalancebetweenfishersandthefished.“Weneedtofindawinwinstrategybetweenfisherlivelihoodsandsharksurvival,”Grahamemphasizes.“Ihopethatthrougheducationandprovidinganeconomicalternativeforfishingmunities,MarAlliancewillhelpensuresafepassageforsharksalongthereef”.(但是，为了产生持久的影响，这些规定需要在整个高速公路上复制，各国需要在渔民和被捕捞者之间找到可持续的平衡。“我们需要在渔民生计和鲨鱼生存之间找到一个双赢的策略，”格雷厄姆强调说。“我希望通过教育和为渔业社区提供经济选择，海洋联盟将帮助确保鲨鱼沿着珊瑚礁的安全通道。”)”可推知，这些话强调了过度捕捞的解决方案，即需要在渔民生计和鲨鱼生存之间找到一个双赢的策略。故选A。【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.C【8题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第三段中““Batteriesstorerenewableenergyforwhenit’sneeded,notjustwhenit’sproduced.Thisiscrucialforgettingthemostoutofwindandsolarpower,”Jiangsaid.“Energygenerationandenergyconsumptionisalwaysmismatched.That’swhyit’simportanttohaveadevicethatcanstorethatenergytemporarilyandreleaseitwhenit’sneeded.”(姜说：“电池在需要的时候储存可再生能源，而不仅仅是在生产的时候。这对充分利用风能和太阳能至关重要。”“能源生产和能源消耗总是不匹配的。这就是为什么拥有一个可以临时存储能量并在需要时释放能量的设备很重要。”)”可知，本段主要谈论了电池很重要，是必不可少的。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。由文章第五段中“Andtheyhavealowlevelforelectrochemicalstability,whichmeanstheycanblowup.(它们的电化学稳定性很低，这意味着它们会爆炸。)”可知，传统汽车电池有潜在的爆炸风险。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段中“JimmyJiangenvisionsafuturewhereeveryhouseispoweredbyrenewableenergystoredinbatteries.(JimmyJiang设想了一个未来，每个房子都由储存在电池中的可再生能源供电。)”，第二段“JiangandhisteamattheUniversityofCincinnatihavedevelopedanewbatterythatcouldhavefarreachingimplicationsforthelargescale(大规模)energystorageneededbywindandsolarfarms.(姜和他在辛辛那提大学的团队开发了一种新电池，这种电池可能对风能和太阳能发电场所需的大规模储能产生深远影响。)”和最后一段“Thereisstillalongwaytogo,butwe’readvancingtowardadramaticbatterytransformationinthenextdecade.(还有很长的路要走，但我们正在朝着未来十年电池的巨大转型迈进。)”可知，姜的新颖的设计，可能会给电池行业带来巨大变革，会重塑电池行业。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““Thereisstillalongwaytogo,butwe’readvancingtowardadramaticbatterytransformationinthenextdecade.I’mconfidentaboutthat.Thereisalotofintenseresearchgoingintopushingtheboundariesofbatteryperformance,”Jiangsaid.(“我们还有很长的路要走，但我们正朝着未来十年电池的巨大转型迈进。我对此很有信心。有很多深入的研究正在推动电池性能的极限，”姜说。)”可知，姜对于这种电池的前景很有信心，他是积极乐观的。故选C。【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可持续发展可能会产生光环效应，可持续发展也会导致消费者对他们产生其他积极的看法。【12题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Consumerbehaviorresearchindicatessustainableproductsareoftenassumedtobeweaker,lessdurableandperformworsethannonsustainableones.(消费者行为研究表明，可持续产品通常被认为比不可持续产品更弱、更不耐用、性能更差。)”和第二段中“Toinvestigatethis,researchersconductedaseriesofstudies.Theytheorizedthatundersomecircumstances,sustainabilitymayprovideahaloeffect,meaningthatbeingperceivedassustainablealsoleadsconsumerstoassumeotherpositivecharacteristicsaboutthemaswell.(为了对此进行调查，研究人员进行了一系列研究。他们认为，在某些情况下，可持续性可能会产生光环效应，这意味着被视为可持续性也会导致消费者对其产生其他积极特征。)”可知，通常人们认为可持续产品比不可持续产品更弱、更不耐用、性能更差，因此消费者不喜欢购买，但是研究表明可持续性可能会产生光环效应，不会是构成消费者不买的阻力。A.Priority优先事项；B.Secret秘密；C.Drag阻力；D.Target目标。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“Inthefirststudy,595participantswereaskedtomakejudgmentsaboutseveralhouseholdproductslikewashingpowder.Theresultssuggestone’svaluesdoplayarole:Peoplewithhigherenvironmentalvaluesviewedsustainableproductsasalsobeinghigherperforming,thuslendingsupportforthehaloeffecttheory.(第二个实验专门研究了信息传递的效果，测试了将可持续性声明的重点放在公司而不是产品上，是否能更有效地推动参与者对产品性能的信心。270名参与者接受了调查。结果表明，将可持续性与公司联系起来比传递产品可持续性的信息有更大的影响。)”可知，当对公司本身提出可持续性声明时，产品可持续性会产生积极的光环效应。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Inthefirststudy,595participantswereaskedtomakejudgmentsaboutseveralhouseholdproductslikewashingpowder.(在第一项研究中，595名参与者被要求对洗衣粉等几种家用产品做出判断。)”和第四段中“270participantswereasked.(270名参与者接受了调查。)”可知，研究人员是根据受访者的意见得出研究结果的。故选C。【15题详解】标题判断题。由文章最后一段中“Contrarytopreviousthinking,thisresearchillustratesthatsustainabilityclaimscanproducepositivebeliefaboutproductperformanceintheaboveconditions.(与之前的想法相反，本研究表明，在上述条件下，可持续发展主张可以产生对产品性能的积极信念。)”可知，本文主要讲述可持续性声明如何影响产品质量。故选C。【答案】16.E17.F18.G19.A20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何与邻居搞好关系。【16题详解】由上文“Yourneighborsareprobablythefirstlineofdefenseincaseofanyproblematicsituation.(万一出现问题，你的邻居可能是第一道防线。)”可知，下面要说跟“邻里关系很重要”有关的话题。故E选项“It’sessentialtoensureyoumaintaindecentrelationshipswiththem.(确保你与他们保持良好的关系是至关重要的。)”能承接上文。E项中的“them”与空前的“Yourneighbors”相对应。故选E。【17题详解】由下文“Itdoesn’thavetocostyouafortuneandoptingforapottedplantorbakedbiscuitswilldo.(不用花很多钱，选择盆栽或烤饼干就可以了。)”可知，上面要说“给人的礼物”有关的话题。故F选项“Alternatively,youcangivethemagiftwhile