高中英语UnitUnit2MoralsandVirtues重点语法单元话题写作（学生版）

高中英语【人教版2019】必修第三册UnitUnit2MoralsandVirtues重点语法+单元话题写作【问题查找】单句语法填空1.A:Youlookreally___________(tire).Youshouldgohomeandhavearest.B:Yes,well,afivehouroperationispretty___________(tire).2.A:DidyouhearthatSusanandBobgotmarried?B:Really?That’sthemost___________(shock)newsIhaveheardtoday.3.A:Harry,youforgottoreturnmyphonecalllastnight!B:Oh,I'mverysorry.Iwenttosleep___________(listen)tomusic.4.A:Howcanyousitinside___________(play)gamesallday?Isn'tthereanythingmoreimportantyoucandowithyourtime?B:eon,Mum.It'saholiday.5.A:Themuseumwas___________(interest),wasn’tit?B:Itwasgreat.Iwasquite___________(interest)inthoseancientpiecesofjade.6.A:Areyousurethisisthemanyousawthatnight?B:That’sright.Frommywindow,Isawhim___________(e)intothebuilding.A:Didyouhearagunshotafterthat?B:No,butIheardpeople___________(shout)downstairs.B:Isawaninjuredman___________(lie)onthefloor.【要点精讲】【重点语法】动词ing形式作宾语补足语和状语动词ing形式作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语时，句子的谓语动词通常是感官动词或使役动词。另外，分词作宾补时，宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上存在主谓关系。宾语与宾语补足语之间是主动关系时，要么采用现在分词的一般式doing作宾语补足语表示进行和主动，要么采用不定式作宾语补足语表示完成和主动，切不可用havingdone作宾补。宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系时，要么采用现在分词一般式的被动语态beingdone作宾语补足语表示进行和被动，要么采用过去分词done作宾语补足语表示完成和被动，切不可用havingbeendone作宾补。一、现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补，表示进行。doing表示主动的进行，beingdone表示被动的进行。此时句子的谓语动词主要有以下两种类型：1.感官动词，如feel（感觉），find（发现），hear（听见），see（看见），smell（闻见），listento（听）等。如：Iheardhersingingthesong.我听见她在唱这首歌。本句中，谓语动词是hear，宾语是her，宾补是singingthesong.此处宾语和宾补是主动关系，所以采用现在分词短语singingthesong表示“正在教室唱歌”。倘若要表示“她已经唱了歌”，则要用不定式作宾补表示“完成”的状态。需要注意的是，在感官动词后面，不定式作宾补不能带to.另外，虽然不带to的不定式和动词原形的形式相同，但不能认为它是动词原形，因为动词原形只能作谓语，不能作宾补。如：Iheardhersingthesongintheclassroom.我听见她唱了这首歌。本句采用不带to的不定式singthesong作宾补，表示主动的完成。2.使役动词，如make，get，have，bring，keep，send，set等，都有“致使，导致”的含义。这些词作谓语时，可以使用doing作宾补，表示主动和进行。与感官动词作谓语相同，在主动语态下，要表示完成含义，应当采用不带to的不定式作宾补。如：Iamsorrytomakeyouwaiting.抱歉让你一直等。Iamsorrytomakeyouwait.抱歉让你等。动词ing形式作状语★动词ing形式可作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果或伴随情况等，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，动词ing形式所表示的动作与主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Hearingthenews,wealljumpedwithjoy.Workinghard,you'llcertainlymakeyourdreametrue.Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.Weighingalmostonehundredkilos,thestonewasmovedbytheboyalone.Herhusbanddiedin1960,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thelittlegirlwaslyinginbedcrying.★动词ing形式的一般式所表示的动作常与谓语动作同时发生，其完成式（havingdone）所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：FollowingTom,westartedtoclimb.Havingfoundahotel,webegantolookforarestaurant.★动词ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加not。如：Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.Nothavinggotananswer,Idecidedtowritehimanotherletter.★动词ing形式作状语，其前往往可以加when,while,if,unless,once,though,asif等连词，构成“连词+动词ing形式”结构。如：Johnhurthislegwhileplayingfootball.Themanturnedroundfromtimetotimeasifsearchingforsomeone.【拓展】动词ing形式可以有其独立的逻辑主语，二者构成独立主格结构。如：Thedaybeingfine,wedecidedtogoswimming.Weexploredthecave,Mikeactingasguide.【单元话题写作】寓言评论寓言评论就是在读者读完寓言后的所感所想。从体裁上看，寓言评论属于夹叙夹议的议论文。这种文章主要是以一般现在时介绍故事情节内容并对自己感兴趣的某些地方发表观点，表达自己的想法、感受，并且把故事推荐给他人等。文章可以分为三个部分。写作指导[基本框架]第一部分：寓言故事简介。对故事做个简单的归纳介绍。第二部分：分析寓言情节。包括分析作者的写作目的，故事的详细情节和作者最后要求完成的目标等。第三部分：发表评论。对寓言故事中你所喜欢的和不喜欢的部分发表看法，也可以对整个故事进行总体评价。最后也可以把故事推荐给他人等。常用表达[常用词汇]1.beoneofthemostpopularfables是最受欢迎的寓言之一2.beintendedtotellpeople...试图告诉人们……3.Themostmovingpartisthat...最让人感动的部分是……4.reflectthelifeconditionsofthosepoorpeople反映了那些贫穷人民的生活现状5.havechancetointroducemyfavourite...有机会介绍我最喜欢的……6.insistondoingsth.坚持做……[常用语句]★精彩开头1.ALittleHorseCrossestheRiverisoneofthemostpopularfablesIhaveeverread，whichimpressedmealotthen.《小马过河》是我曾经读过的最流行的寓言之一，当时它给我留下很深的印象。2.Thefableisintendedtotellpeoplethatthereisawaywherethereisawill.这则寓言试图告诉人们：有志者事竟成。3.I'mmorethandelightedtointroducemyfavouritefabletoyou，whosenameisTheStoneOnTheRoad.我非常高兴地把我最喜欢的寓言故事介绍给你们，它的名字为《路上的石头》。★正文佳句1.Notknowingmuchaboutthereality，thelittleboyisconvincedthathelivesinaworldwithoutanyviolenceandcrimes.由于对现实了解不多，这个小男孩相信他生活在一个没有暴力和犯罪的世界里。2.Havingsavedupalotofmoneyafterfiveyearsofhardwork，heisgoingbacktohishometowntobuildahouseandmarryagirl.经过五年的努力，他已经攒了一大笔钱，因此他打算回老家盖房娶妻。3.Thefableisalsosendingsuchamessagetous：dowellwhatweshoulddo，andlifewillreturnuswell.这则寓言也向我们传达了这样一个信息：做好我们该做的每一件事，生活就会给我们一个好的回馈。★余味结尾1.Weholdthestrongbeliefthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.我们坚信失败是成功之母。2.Thefabletellsusthathardworkneverfailstopayoff.Weshouldbediligentinordertohaveabetterfuture.这则寓言告诉我们：努力工作终会获得回报。我们应该勤奋努力以期待更加美好的未来。3.ThefableIreadwassoeducational/instructivethatIplannedtoremendittoallmyfriends.我读的这则寓言如此有教育意义，因此我打算把它推荐给我所有的朋友们。4.Ithinkthefableiswellworthreading，whichmirrorsthelifeconditionsofthoseyoungpeople.我认为这则寓言非常值得一读，它反映了那些年轻人的生活现状。写作训练最近你在《伊索寓言》读了《狐狸和葡萄》的故事。故事中狐狸因为摘不到葡萄而故意说葡萄是酸的。这个故事告诉我们：在现实生活中，我们有时也会和狐狸一样，在面对错误或问题时，不是勇敢地去解决，而是不断为自己找借口，现在请你根据故事内容并结合自己的情况或某些社会现象写一篇评论。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【查漏补缺】一、单句语法填空1.Aftertheparty,mostguestsleft,withonlytwoofthem__________(remain)inthehostfamily,__________(help)himcleanup.2.Theyoungmanwascaught__________(steal)acar.3.Hewasjustabouttositdownwhenhefeltsomething__________(move)nearhisfeet.4.Itwasareally__________(terrify)experience.Afterwards,everybodywasvery__________(shock).5.Theflowers__________(smell)sweetinthebotanicalgardenattractthevisitorstoenjoythebeautyofnature.6.Wefoundthehouseeasilywiththelittleboy_________(lead)theway.7.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim__________(lie)onabench,withhiseyes__________(fix)onakiteinthesky.8.Awomanaskedtheprimaryschoolinherneighborhoodtoaccepthersixyearoldson,Zejd,whohasa__________(hear)disability.9.Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboats__________(pass)by.10.Themostpopularpastimeis__________(play)chess.二、语法填空（语法）Ijusthada(n)1._____________(interest)journeytoChengduwithmyparents.Before2._____________(leave),wemadesomeplans.WesearchedtheInternet,3._____________(learn)thatChengduisacitywithmanyplacesofinterest.Thenwemadeareservation(预约)withatravelagencysothataguidecouldshowusaround.Wewerewarmlygreetedbyourguidewhen4._____________(arrive)attheairport.Then,westartedourtrip.5._____________(follow)theguide,wefirstwenttoChengduGiantPandaBreedingBase,wherewesawalotofpandasandother6._____________(amuse)animals.Themost7._____________(excite)thingwasthatwehadthechancetotouchcutepandababiesandtakepictureswiththem.What’smore,ourguide8._____________(live)inChengduforsomanyyearstookustoenjoysomedeliciouslocalfoodsuchasChengduHotPot,KungPaochickenandMapoDoufu.Nowondereveryone9._____________(e)toChengduneverwantstoleave.三、改写句子EXAMPLE:BecauseIdidnotknowanyone,Isatalonemyseatfortwohours.→Notknowinganyone,Isataloneinmyseatortwohours.AlthoughJoewasupsetbythereporter'swords,herespondedtohisquestionspolitely.→Althoughupsetbythereporterswords,Joerespondedtohisquestionspolitely.1.Asshewasfrightenedbythenoise,Amyturnedonallthelightsinthehouse._______________________________________________________________________2.Whiletheyweredrivingalongthefreeway,theynoticedakangaroostandinginthemiddleoftheroad._______________________________________________________________________3.Afterwewatchedthemoviefortenminutes,wefeltsoboredthatwedecidedtoleave._______________________________________________________________________4.AsIcameoutofmyhouse,Isawthevolcanoerupting(爆发)._______________________________________________________________________5.Aftersheturnedfifteen,shebecameinterestedintravelling._______________________________________________________________________6.Becauseshedidn’twanttobelate,sallyrantothesubwaystation._______________________________________________________________________7.Timwasfeelingtired,sohewenttobedassoonashegothome._______________________________________________________________________8.Afterhegatheredallhiscourage,heranbackintotheburninghousetorescuethechild._______________________________________________________________________【梳理优化】动词ing形式作状语1.动词ing形式所表示的动作与主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系2.完成式（havingdone）所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前3.动词ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加not4.动词ing形式作状语，其前往往可以加when,while,if,unless,once,though,asif等连词，构成“连词+动词ing形式”结构动词ing形式作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语时，句子的谓语动词通常是感官动词或使役动词。宾语与宾语补足语之间是主动关系时doing→进行和主动省略to的不定式（do）→完成和主动宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系时beingdone→进行和被动done→完成和被动【强化巩固】一、单句语法填空1.Withsomanythings______________(bother)me,Ihopeyoucanoffermesomepracticalsuggestions.2.Withmoreandmorefarmers______________(rush)intocity,theirchildren’seducationisaproblem.3.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke______________(rise)fromthehouse.4.______________(work)allday,theyareverytired.5.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone______________(call)forhelp?6.Themanagerwouldliketoseehisplan______________(carry)outassoonaspossible.7.Hewassoangrythathethrewthetoyontheground,______________(break)itintopieces.8.Thegirlwasnoticed______________(quarrel)withanoldmanat9o’clockyesterday.9.______________(approach)thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.10.______________(go)straightdowntheroad,youwillfindthehospital.二、课文语法填空Whenshewasfiveyearsold,LinQiaozhiwasdeeply1.___________(affect)byhermother’s2.___________(die).Atage18,shechosetostudymedicine.Eightyearslater,Lingraduated3.___________PekingUnionMedicalCollegeand4.___________(immediate)becamethefirstwomanever5.___________(hire)asaresidentphysicianintheOB－GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.In1941,thedepartmentwasclosedbecauseofthewar.6.___________(think)ofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.Shechargedverylowfeestotreatpatientsandoftenreducedcostsforpoorpatients.In1954,she7.___________(elect)tothefirstNationalPeople’sCongress.DrLindidnotretire8.___________thedayshedied,22April1983.Sinceshehadnochildrenofherown,shelefther9.___________(save)toakindergartenand10.___________fundfornewdoctors.三、完成句子1.________________________________________________________________________________________在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。2.________________________________________________________________________________________我下车的时候注意到一个男人正从银行里跑出来。3.________________________________________________________________________________________看到那些画,她想起了自己的童年。4.________________________________________________________________________________________我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。5.________________________________________________________________________________________我们已经作好了充分准备,现在可以考了。6.________________________________________________________________________________________随着另一个问题的出现,许多消费者不满意了。7.________________________________________________________________________________________由于不知道石头底下藏着金币,很多人都没有尝试去搬走它。8.________________________________________________________________________________________你不能让你的儿子周末整天都待在家里学习。9.________________________________________________________________________________________下了十多天雨,致使河水上涨。10.________________________________________________________________________________________他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。【课后练习】一、阅读理解DrDianFossey,oneoftheworld'sleadingwomenscientists,hadaremarkablecareer.Thework—shedevotedherlifetoprotectingandstudyingthemountaingorillas(大猩猩)ofAfrica—hasprovedhighlyeffectiveandhasresultedinthesteady(平稳的)increaseofthismostendangeredgreatapes.FosseymadeherfirsttriptoAfricain1963.Threeyearslater,shereturnedtoAfricatobeginalongtermstudyofthemountaingorillas.ShesetupcampintheDemocraticRepublicofCongobutmovedtoRwandabecauseofpoliticalreasonsin1967.Sheestablishedher“Karisoke”ResearchCentrecamponSeptember24,1967.Fossey'saimsweretostudygorillaecology(生态学)andsocialorganization.Shefoundthatinordertoachievethis,sheneededtorecognizeindividualgorillas,whichrequiredthatthegorillasgetusedtoherpresence(出现).Bycopyinggorillas,behaviourandsounds,Fosseybegantogaintheirtrust,andin1970anadultmalegorillashehadnamed“Peanuts”reachedouttotouchherhand.CloseobservationsoverthousandsofhoursenabledFosseytogainthegorillas'trustandbringforthnewknowledgeabouttheirbehaviour.StoriesandphotographsofherworkwerepublishedinNationalGeographicMagazineandelsewhere.In1977,oneofFossey'sfavoritegorillas,Digit,waskilledbypoachersandsheestablishedtheDigitFundtohelpraisemoneyforgorillaprotectioneffortsinthesameyear.OnDecember26,1985,FosseywasmurderedwhilegoingbacktoherhouseinKarisoke.Herbodywasdiscoveredneartheresearchcentre.Mostprobably,DianFosseyhadbeenkilledbythepoachersshe'dfoughtagainst.Onhertombstone(墓碑)：“Noonelovedgorillasmore…”1.Whydoestheauthorsay“DrDianFosseyhadaremarkablecareer”?A.Becauseshetravelledallovertheworld. B.Becauseshelikedtoplaywithgorillas.C.Becauseshestudiedgorillaecology. D.Becauseshemadegreatapesincreasesteadily.2.WhichofthefollowingshowstherighttimeorderoftheeventsinFossey'slife?a.SheestablishedtheDigitFund. b.Herstorywasshowninamovie.c.Shewaskilledprobablybythepoachers. d.Sheestablishedher“Karisoke”centre.A.adcb B.acdb C.dcba D.dacb3.Theunderlinedword“poachers”inParagraph5probablyreferstopeoplewho________.A.selldrugsagainstthelaw B.huntanimalsagainstthelaw