2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷01（新高考七省专用）（全解版）

2024年高考一轮复习测试卷01【新高考七省专用】英语·全解全析注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．What’swrongwiththeman?A．Hehaseyetrouble. B．Heisalcoholic. C．Hecaughtacold.【答案】B【原文】W:Mr.Williams,howcanIhelpyou?M:Itneverusedtotroubleme,butnowafteronlyacoupleofglasses,Istarttofeelreallyterrible.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?2．Whatdoesthemanwant?A．Betterservice. B．Anothermenu. C．Aquickmeal.【答案】C【原文】W:Goodevening,sir.Hereisthemenu.Wouldyouliketoordernow?M:Yes,butI’minarush.CanIbeservedandoutofhereinhalfanhour?3．Whatdidthewomandotoday?A．Shewentshopping. B．Shedidsomesewing. C．Shehadhercarrepaired.【答案】B【原文】M:Didn’tyougoshoppingtoday?Where’sthebeeryoupromisedtobringme?W:Iplannedto,butthecarwasoutofordersoIdidsomesewinginstead.4．Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A．Inaclassroom. B．Inaphonebooth. C．Inameeting.【答案】A【原文】W:WoulditbeallrightifIleftforaminute?Ihavetomakeaphonecall.M:I’dratheryoudidn’t—thethingis,thisisaveryimportantpartofthelesson.W:Isee.OK.5．Whenwastheseminarsupposedtostart?A．OnJanuary16th. B．OnJanuary26th. C．OnJanuary27th.【答案】A【原文】M:Hello.ThisisRoyWhitelyspeakingandit’sabouttheseminarinJanuary.W:Oh,yes.Iknowtheoneyoumean.M:Well,we’refindingitdifficulttogetavenue(会场)forthe16thandIwonderifyouwouldbehappyifwechangedittothe26thor27thinstead?第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whowasthewomanexpectingatfirst?A．Anoldfriend. B．Aguywithawhitesuit. C．Anetfriend.7．Whyisthewomanangryattheman?A．Heforgottosendheranemail.B．Hedidn’ttellherhisrealname.C．Heansweredthequestionsincorrectly.【答案】6．C7．B【原文】W:Iwonderwhathelookslike.Oh,Ican’twaittoseehim!Hisemailsaidhe’dbewearingawhitehat…Oh,thereheis.M:Hey,Isabelle…W:Logan!Whyonearthareyouhidinghere?Whitehat!eon!Don’ttellmeyou’retheguy!Itcan’tbetrue.M:…Yes,I’mtheguy.W:Yousetmeup?M:Letmeexplain.Ididn’tmeantohurtyou…W:Howdareyou!M:Hangononesecond.Hearmeout,justthisonce,Isabelle!W:Whydidyoulietomeintheemail?M:Ididn’tlie.Youjustdidn’taskmemyrealname.W:Ishouldhaveknownitwasyou.Nowonderallthe20questionswereansweredcorrectly.IthoughtImighthavefoundtheoneforme.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A．Whichcitytolivein. B．Whattowriteinapaper. C．Howtochooseauniversity9．WhatdoesGlenknowmostabout?A．Sports. B．Music. C．Art.【答案】8．B9．C【原文】M:Mom,ImustwriteapaperforEnglishclassaboutwhatIwanttodointhefuture.ButIdon’tknowwhattochooseformylife.W:Thispapershouldbefun,Glen.Don’tplanyouruniversityeducation,citytolivein,andcareerallatonce.Instead,pickajobandwriteaboutwhyyouwouldwantit.M:Well,Ilikesportsandmusic.ButI’mnotgoodenoughtohaveacareerinthosefields.W:Thinkaboutwhatyou’rebestat,whatmakesyouthehappiest,andwhatmakesmoney.Consideringthesethreequestionshelpedmechoosemyjob.M:I’mbestatart.Andthat’sthesubjectthatIknowmostabout.I’llwriteaboutbeinganartteacher.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．WhydoesJessicamakethecall?A．Tolookforherpassport. B．Toapplyforacreditcard. C．Toaskforthemanager.11．WherewillJessicagorightafterthephonecall?A．Thebank B．Herhome C．Thesupermarket12．Howdoesthemansound?A．Helpful B．Nervous C．Surprised【答案】10．A11．B12．A【原文】M:MegabankServices,goodmorning.W:Ah,goodmorning.MynameisJessicaMeghani.IwasinyourbankearlierthismorningandI’mwonderingifIdroppedmypassportwhileIwasthere.Hasanybodyfoundthepassportbyanychance?M:Holdonamoment.I’llcheckforyou.M:Hello?W:Hello!M:Yes,oneofourcustomershasjusthandeditinapassport.W:I’llthankgoodnessforthat.M:Whenexactlydidyouloseyourpassport?W:Oh,Ididn’tnoticeituntilabouthalfanhourago,butIwasinthebankatabout9:30thismorning.M:Haveyoulostanythingelse?W:Anythingelse?No,Idon’tthinkIhave.M:Somethingyouusedinthebank?W:Oh,mygoodness.Mycreditcardisgoneaswell.M:Yes,youleftyourcreditcardonthecounter.W:NowI’minasupermarket.I’lletopickthemupafterItaketheshoppinghome.M:Thatwillbefine.Remembertobringsomephotoidentificationwithyou.W:OK.Seeyouatthemoment.Thanks.M:Seeyoulater.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．WhatdoesJohnthinkofAmy’spoetry?A．Itisveryclassic. B．Itisveryromantic. C．Itisveryunique.14．Whatdayistheconversationprobablytakingplace?A．OnMonday. B．OnTuesday. C．OnThursday.15．WhattopicofpoetrywillthespeakersreadaboutthisThursday?A．Love. B．Nature. C．Friendship.16．Whoseworkswillthespeakersreadthisweek?A．EdgarAllenPoe’s. B．EmilyDickinson’s. C．MayaAngelou’s.【答案】13．C14．A15．B16．C【原文】M:Amy!Areyoureadytogetuponstageandreadyourpoetry?W:Idon’tknow,John.I’mquitenervousaboutit,andmyworkisn’tverygood.M:YourwordsaresomeofthebestI’veeverread.W:You’rejustsayingthattobekind.M:No,I’mserious,Amy.Yourpoetryisverydifferent.Youhaveagoodeye.Thewayyoudescribepeopleisveryspecialandcreative.W:Thankyou,John.So,ifIdidfeelconfidentenough,whenwouldIbereading?M:Well,wehavetwopoetryreadings,onTuesdaynightandThursdaynight.W:Thursdaywouldbebetter.Itgivesmethreedaystopractice.M:Good.OnThursday,we’llsharepoetryaboutnature.AreyouOKwithit?W:Imainlywriteonloveandfriendship,butIdidwritesomeonnature,sothetopicisOK.M:Good.Andafterwereadourpoetry,wewillreadfromclassicworks.WereadEdgarAllenPoe’slastweek.Butforthisweek,we’restilldecidingbetweenEmilyDickinsonandMayaAngelou.W:HowaboutMayaAngelou?Sheinspiredmealot.M:Sure.Let’sreadherworksthisweek.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．OnwhichdayisWorldSleepDayheld?A．March21. B．March25. C．March31.18．Whatbenefitismentionedaboutenoughsleep?A．Beingstronger. B．Beingcleverer. C．Beingtaller.19．Whatpercentageofadultshaveafulleighthoursofsleepeachworkday?A．21%. B．27%. C．80%.20．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．WorldSleepDaystartedin2006.B．Teenagersneedatleast8hoursofsleepanight.C．80%ofpeoplethroughouttheworldhavesleepproblems.【答案】17．A18．B19．A20．B【原文】W:WorldSleepDay,organizedbytheWorldSleepDaymitteeoftheWorldAssociationofSleepMedicinesince2008,isheldonMarch21everyyear.Theaimistocelebratethebenefitsofgoodandhealthysleep.Researcherssaythatifwealwaysgetenoughsleep,wecanbesmarterandthinner.Alsowe’retohavebetterskin,bettermemoriesandlongerlives.Whenyouloseevenonehourofsleepforanyreason,itwillinfluenceyourperformancethenextday.Ingeneral,adultsarethoughttoneedatleasteighthoursofsleepanight,butarecentsurveyfoundthat,onworkdays,only21%ofthemreallygetafulleighthoursofsleep.Forteenagers,ahealthyamountisabouteighttoninehourspernight.However,about80%ofhighschoolstudentsdon’tgetenoughsleepbecauseofschoolworkorbadhabits.27%ofpeopleworldwidehavesleepproblems.Nowthereareover80kindsofsleepdisorders,andmostpeopleknowlittleabouttheirdanger.It’snecessarytorealizetheimportanceofsleepandtrytohaveagoodsleep.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A（2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学模拟）Forchildren,spaceismagical—awholeworldisoutthere,withsomanythingstolearnandstoriestoread.Herearesomechildren’sbooksaboutspaceandthesolarsystem.MaeamongtheStarsbyStasiaBurringtonThisbeautifullyillustratedpicturebookisattractivetoyoungkids.ItwasinspiredbythefirstAfricanAmericanwomaninspace,MaeJemison.IttellsthestoryofMaeasalittlegirl,whoalwaysknewshehadbigdreamsaboutspace.Thisisagreatadditiontoayoungkid’scollection,asaremindertoholdtighttodreamsandnevergiveup.SpacebyLibbyJacksonThisbeautifullyillustratedbookgiveskidsalookat50womenfromaroundtheworldwhowereinvolvedinexploringspaceinsomeway,fromthe19thcenturytothepresentday.Thisisaperfectgiftforyoungkidswhowanttoknowmoreaboutsomeofthelesserknownscientificachievementsrelatedtospaceexploration.ChasingSpacebyLelandMelvinThisisMelvin’sstoryaboutbeingafootballplayerturnedastronaut,alongwithhisrecoveryfromaninjurythatnearlylefthimdeaf.Kidswilllovereadinghisstoryabouthowhefacedchallengesandadvancedahead,andhealsoincludesDIYexperimentsforkidstotry,andasectionoffullcolorphotographs.SystemandBeyondbyDavidA．AguilarThebookisfullofbeautifulillustrationsofspace,andisperfectforkidsofallages,exploringvariousplanetsandthesolarsystem.Unlikeotherkids’spacebook,thisisaNationalGeographicbookwrittenandillustratedbyanawardwinningastronomerandspaceartist.AguilarisalsotheformerDirectorofScienceInformationandPublicOutreachattheHarvardSmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics.21．WhatdoMaeamongtheStarsandSpacehaveinmon?A．Theyincludelessknownastronauts. B．Theytellaboutscientists’childhood.C．Theycoverwomenexploringspace. D．Theyaresuitableforchildrenofallages.22．Whosebookattractschildrenshowinginterestinexperiments?A．StasiaBurrington’s. B．LibbyJackson’s.C．LelandMelvin’s. D．DavidA．Aguilar’s.23．WhatisuniquetoSystemandBeyond?A．Ithasbeautifulpictures. B．Ittellsaboutspaceartists.C．Ithaswonmanygrandawards. D．Itwaswrittenbyanastronomer.【答案】21．C22．C23．D【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于太空和太阳系的儿童读物。21．推理判断题。根据MaeamongtheStarsbyStasiaBurrington的第二、三句“ItwasinspiredbythefirstAfricanAmericanwomaninspace,MaeJemison.IttellsthestoryofMaeasalittlegirl,whoalwaysknewshehadbigdreamsaboutspace.(它的灵感来自第一位进入太空的非裔美国女性梅·杰米森。它讲述了梅作为一个小女孩的故事，她一直知道她对太空有很大的梦想。)”，而SpacebyLibbyJackson的第一句“Thisbeautifullyillustratedbookgiveskidsalookat50womenfromaroundtheworldwhowereinvolvedinexploringspaceinsomeway,fromthe19thcenturytothepresentday.(这本精美的插图书让孩子们看到了从19世纪到现在，来自世界各地的50位女性，她们以某种方式参与了太空探索。)”可知，《星际漫游》和《太空漫游》的共同之处是：它们都涉及到那些探索太空的女性。故选C项。22．推理判断题。根据ChasingSpacebyLelandMelvin的“Kidswilllovereadinghisstoryabouthowhefacedchallengesandadvancedahead,andhealsoincludesDIYexperimentsforkidstotry,andasectionoffullcolorphotographs.(孩子们会喜欢读他关于他如何面对挑战和前进的故事，他还包括DIY实验供孩子们尝试，以及一组全彩照片。)”可知，对实验感兴趣的孩子会被LelandMelvin的书吸引。故选C项。23．细节理解题。根据SystemandBeyondbyDavidA.Aguilar的“Unlikeotherkids’spacebook,thisisaNationalGeographicbookwrittenandillustratedbyanawardwinningastronomerandspaceartist.AguilarisalsotheformerDirectorofScienceInformationandPublicOutreachattheHarvardSmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics.(与其他儿童太空书不同，这是一本由获奖的天文学家和太空艺术家撰写和插图的国家地理书。阿吉拉尔还是哈佛史密森天体物理中心的前科学信息和公共宣传主任。)”可知，这本《系统及其他》与其他读物的不同之处是作者本人的身份是天文学家，能为读者提供专家的观点和对主题的见解。故选D项。B（2023·浙江·高三天台中学联考）DanielBrush,anastonishingworkeringold,jewelsandsteeldiedonNovember2022,aged75.StudentsfromajewelleryschooloncecametoBrush’sstudio,aloftinmidManhattan,awedtobemeetingafigurewho,tothem,wasaworkerofmiracles.For45yearsinthatloft,hehadpursuedhiscalling.HiswifeOliviawastheonlypany.Heproducedhundredsofobjectsofallsorts,mostofthemexquisiteandmanyastonishinglysmall.Ratherthanuseelectricity,helabouredaloneinaforestofantiquemachinesandwhentoolsfrustratedhimhemadehisown,displayingthemincupboardsasartinthemselves.Aboveallelse,heworkedingold.Hisobsessiontookfirewhenat13hesawanEtruscangoldbowlintheVictoriaandAlbertMuseum.Theancienttechniqueofapplyinggoldbeadsasfineassandgrainstoacurvedgoldsurfacewithoutsolder(焊接),wasstunning,butsowasthelightnessofspirit.Heresolvedthenthathewouldmakesuchabowl,andgoldbecamethestudyofhislife.Simplytowatchitmelt,turntoredhotandwhitehot,thenglowpurple,wasmagical.Toholdpuregoldgrainandletitmoveslowlythroughhisfingersrestoredhiscalmofspirit.Hischiefmotivation,hesaid,wastounderstandthematerialand,throughthat,himself.Hewonderedwhyhishearthadbeatensofastinthemuseumthatday.Goldinparticularhadamessageforhim.Hiscontactwiththisgloriousmetalmightfocusallhisattentionandhelphimtohearit.Hedevelopeddelicatecraftsmanship,witheachobjectvirtuallyamuseumpiece.ForDanielBrush,helovedtheideathatonemighttakeapiecemadebyBrushoutofapocket,letitsbeautypassfrommindtomind,andsmile.Thattoowaswhatitsmakerwasafter.24．WhatcanwelearnaboutDanielBrush?A．Studentsvisitedhimregularly.B．Hebegantoliveinhisloftin1975.C．Hetendedtouseancientcraftstoproduceobjects.D．Mostobjectsheproducedwereofasurprisinglysmallsize.25．Whatisthemainreasonforhislifelongstudyofgold?A．Hewantedtolearnmoreaboutbothgoldandhimself.B．Hewonderedwhyhishearthadbeatfastinthemuseum.C．Hiscalmwasrestoredwhengoldgrainmovedthroughfingers.D．Goldhadaparticularmessageforhimandhewaseagertohearit.26．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDanielBrush?A．Stubborn. B．Wealthy. C．Dedicated. D．Lonely.27．Whatdoestheauthortrytoemphasizeinthelastparagraph?A．Brush’svaluableworks. B．TheadmirersBrushexpected.C．Brush’sdesireforfame. D．TheartisticidealBrushpursued.【答案】24．C25．A26．C27．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了DanielBrush是一位创造奇迹的人，使用古老的工艺来制作物品，他终生研究黄金，一生追求艺术理想。24．推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“Theancienttechniqueofapplyinggoldbeadsasfineassandgrainstoacurvedgoldsurfacewithoutsolder(焊接),wasstunning,butsowasthelightnessofspirit.(在没有焊料的弯曲金表面上涂上细如沙粒的金珠的古老技术令人惊叹，但精神的轻盈也是如此。)”可知DanielBrush倾向于使用古老的工艺来制作物品，故选C。25．细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“Hischiefmotivation,hesaid,wastounderstandthematerialand,throughthat,himself.Hewonderedwhyhishearthadbeatensofastinthemuseumthatday.Goldinparticularhadamessageforhim.Hiscontactwiththisgloriousmetalmightfocusallhisattentionandhelphimtohearit.(他说，他的主要动机是了解材料，并通过这些了解自己。他想知道为什么那天他的心脏在博物馆里跳动得如此之快。黄金特别向他传达了一个信息。他与这种光荣金属的接触可能会集中他的所有注意力，帮助他听到它。)”可知他终生研究黄金的主要原因是他想了解更多关于黄金和自己的知识，故选A。26．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“For45yearsinthatloft,hehadpursuedhiscalling(在那间阁楼里45年来，他一直在追寻自己的使命)”以及整篇文章描述他对黄金的研究和投入，可知DanielBrush非常投入和专注，故选C。27．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“ForDanielBrush,helovedtheideathatonemighttakeapiecemadebyBrushoutofapocket,letitsbeautypassfrommindtomind,andsmile.Thattoowaswhatitsmakerwasafter.(对于DanielBrush来说，他喜欢这样的想法：人们可以从口袋里拿出一件Brush制作的作品，让它的美从脑海中传递到脑海中，然后微笑。这也是它的制造者所追求的。)”可知作者在最后一段中强调的是Brush追求的艺术理想，故选D。C（2023·安徽安庆一中模拟）Sleep,consideredaluxurybymany,isessentialforaperson'swellbeing.Researchershavefoundthatinsufficientsleepandtirednessincreaseaperson'sriskofdevelopingseveremedicalconditions,suchasobesity(beingveryoverweight),highbloodsugarlevels,andheartdisease.Now,anewstudyhasfoundthatgettingsufficientsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.JeffreyGross,theuniversityscienceprofessorwholedtheresearch,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.Instead,theprofessorhopedthewristwormdevices,whichtrackaperson'sphysicalactivity,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenexerciseandacademicachievement.WhileGross'sdatashowednorelationshipbetweenthesetwofactors,thestudyfoundsomethingsurprising.Astheresearcherswereanalyzingtheirdata,theynoticedthattherewasastraightlinerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandtheirresultsinthecourse's11quizzes,threemidtermtests,andthefinalexam.Evenmoreinteresting,itwasnotsufficientforstudentstojustheadtobedearlythenightbeforeatest.Instead,it'sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.Thetimestudentswenttobedeachnightwassimilarlyimportant.Thosewhowenttobedinearlyhoursofthemorningperformedpoorly,evenifthetotalsleeptimewasthesameasahigherperformingstudent."Whenyougotobedmatters,"Grosssays,"Ifyougotobedat10,or12,or1atnight,andsleepforsevenhours,yourperformanceisthesame.Butifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn'teverything."Perhapsthemostinterestingwasthehugeimpactthatsmalldifferencesinsleeppatternshadonthestudents'grades.Theoverallcoursegradesforstudentsaveragingsixandahalfhoursofsleepeachnightwere25%lowerthanstudentswhoaveragedjustonehourmoresleep.Similarly,studentswhovariedtheirbedtimebyevenonehoureachnighthadgradesthatdropped45%belowthosewithmoreregularbedtimes.WhoknewgettingA'sjustrequiredsomeextraZZZ's?28．Basedonhisoriginalobjectives,whichbestdescribesProfessorGross'sresearchfindings?A．Accidental. B．plete. C．Convincing. D．Doubtful.29．Whowerethepeopletakingpartinthestudy?A．Middleschoolchemistrystudents. B．Volunteersfromdifferentuniversities.C．ProfessorGross'sownstudents. D．Universitystudentathletes.30．HowdidProfessorGross'steammeasureacademicperformance?A．Makingthestudentswearaspecialwatch.B．Usingstudents'universityentrancetestresults.C．Givingthestudentsregularafterclassquizzes.D．Usingthestudents'normaltestandquizgrades.31．Basedonthestudy'sfindings,whoislikelytoperformbestacademically.A．Apersonwhohasagoodnight'ssleepthenightbeforeanimportanttest.B．Apersonwhosenormalbedtimevariesbetween9p.m.and12p.m.C．Apersonwhosleepsfrom11p.m.to6a.m.eachday.D．Apersonwhosleepsforatotalof7hourseachnight.【答案】28．A29．C30．D31．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，睡眠质量不足除了对身体健康造成不良影响之外，也会对学习成绩产生影响，好的睡眠质量是提高学习成绩的关键。28．推理判断题。根据第二段中“JeffreyGross,…,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.”和“Instead,theprofessorhopedthewristwormdevices,whichtrackaperson'sphysicalactivity,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenexerciseandacademicachievement.”可知，在给他化学课里的100个学生发放智能手环时，JeffreyGross并没有试图去发现睡眠和成绩之间的关系，相反的，他最初目标是想发现运动与学习成绩之间的关系，意在表明发现睡眠与成绩之间的关系是一个意外收获，A项符合语境。故选A项。29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“JeffreyGross,…,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.”可知在给他化学课里的100个学生发放智能手环时，JeffreyGross并没有试图去发现睡眠和成绩之间的关系，因此参加研究的人是上他化学课的学生，C项切题。故选C项。30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Astheresearcherswereanalyzingtheirdata,theynoticedthattherewasastraightlinerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandtheirresultsinthecourse's11quizzes,threemidtermtests,andthefinalexam.”可知在分析实验数据时，他们注意到在平均睡眠时间和课程测验、三次期中考试和期末考试成绩之间存在一个直接联系，因此作者是通过学生正常测验和考试成绩来衡量他们的学习表现，D项切合题意。故选D项。31．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Ifyougotobedat10,or12,or1atnight,andsleepforsevenhours,yourperformanceisthesame.Butifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.”可知，如果在晚上10点、12点或者1点上床睡觉，睡7小时，你的学习表现是一样的，但如果在2点之后睡觉，哪怕睡了7个小时，学习表现也会下降，说明睡觉时间在晚上10点到1点之间，睡7个小时学习表现是最好的，C项睡觉时间11p.m.to6a.m.满足7小时标准，符合语境。故选C项。D（2023·福建厦门一中模拟）Haveyoueverwishedyoucouldbebetterorganisedormoresociable?Perhapsyou’reaconstantworrier,andyou’dprefertobealittlemorecarefree?Manysurveysshowthatatleasttwothirdsofpeoplewouldliketochangesomeelementsoftheirpersonality.Inthepast,suchdesiresappearedtobeunachievable.Liketheproverbialleopardthatcouldneverchangeitsspots,ourvirtuesandflawswerebelievedtobewovenintothefabricofourminds.Recentscientificresearch,however,provesthisexpectationofpersonality’spermanencewrong.Withtherightpsychologicalstrategiesandenougheffort,manypeoplecansuccessfullyshapetheircorepersonalitiesintowhattheydesire.Ourgenesalmostcertainlyplayarole:it’swhypeople’spersonalitiesoftenreflecttheirbiologicalparents’ones.Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentwasthoughttoendinearlyadulthood,asthebrainreachedmaturity.Ifthisweretrue,itwouldn’tbepossibletoshiftpersonalityatwill.YetthatisexactlywhatpsychologyprofessorNathanHudsonandhiscolleagueshaveshownwithaseriesofgroundbreakingstudies.Theinterventionsintheirstudiestypicallyinvolvearrangingregularactivitiesthatreflectthepersonalitiespeoplewishtoadopt.Aquietpersonwhowishedtobemoreoutgoing,forexample,mighthavethegoalofintroducingthemselvestoastrangeronceaweek,ormakingsmalltalkwiththecashierattheirlocalsupermarket.Theaimisforthethinkingpatternsandbehaviourstheygeneratetobeehabitual.Inthefirsttrial,providedparticipantsactuallypletedthosearrangedtasks,theirpersonalitiesshiftedinthedesireddirection.Similarlyexcitingresultscouldbeseeninalatertrial.Thedifferencesofparticipants’personalitiesbeforeandaftertheinterventionwerestillapparentthreemonthsaftertheexperimenthadended.AsAristotlearguedmorethan2,300yearsago,webeewhatwerepeatedlydo.Theunexpectedplasticityofourmindsshouldbegoodnewsforanyonewhowishestheywereabitmoresociable,organised,orhappygolucky.Anotherpotentialbenefitisthatawarenessofthisresearchcouldhelpimprovementalhealth.32．Whyis“leopard”mentionedinparagraph2?A．Toexplainthatourmindsconsistofvirtuesandflaws.B．Toshowthesimilaritybetweenleopardsandhumanbeings.C．Toproveapossibilitythatpeoplecanchangetheirpersonality.D．Todemonstratethepreviousbeliefthatpersonalitiesremainfixed.33．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe“interventions”?A．Thetwotrialsreacheddifferentconclusions. B．Activitiesaretailoredtospecificpersonalitites.C．Thepurposeistobetterpeople’spersonalities. D．People’spersonalitiescanbechangedbutcan’tlast.34．WhathasNathanHudson’steamshownthroughtheirstudies?A．Thepreviousexpectationofpersonality’spermanencewasconfirmed.B．Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentendswhenthebrainmatures.C．Thedesiretochangesomeelementsofourpersonalitycanbeachieved.D．Ourgenesplayagreaterroleinourpersonalitythansocialenvironment.35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WeAreWhatWeDo B．HabitsMakeThingsEasierC．YourPersonalityIsNotSetInStone D．ALeopardNeverChangesItsSpots【答案】32．D33．B34．C35．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现和意义：对于那些希望自己更善于交际、更有条理或更随遇而安的人来说，我们大脑意想不到的可塑性应该是个好消息。另一个潜在的好处是，意识到这项研究可以帮助改善心理健康。32．推理判断题。根据第二段“Manysurveysshowthatatleasttwothirdsofpeoplewouldliketochangesomeelementsoftheirpersonality.Inthepast,suchdesiresappearedtobeunachievable.Liketheproverbialleopardthatcouldneverchangeitsspots,ourvirtuesandflawswerebelievedtobewovenintothefabricofourminds.(许多调查显示，至少三分之二的人想要改变他们性格中的某些元素。在过去，这样的愿望似乎是无法实现的。就像谚语所说的“江山易改本性难移”一样，我们的优点和缺点被认为是编织在我们的思想结构中)”可推知，在第二段提到了“豹”是为了证明先前的观点，即人格是固定的。故选D。33．推理判断题。根据第五段“Theinterventionsintheirstudiestypicallyinvolvearrangingregularactivitiesthatreflectthepersonalitiespeoplewishtoadopt.Aquietpersonwhowishedtobemoreoutgoing,forexample,mighthavethegoalofintroducingthemselvestoastrangeronceaweek,ormakingsmalltalkwiththecashierattheirlocalsupermarket.(在他们的研究中，干预通常包括安排反映人们希望采用的个性的定期活动。例如，一个安静的人希望变得更外向，他的目标可能是每周向陌生人介绍自己一次，或者在当地超市与收银员闲聊一次)”可推知，活动是为特定的个性量身定制的。故选B。34．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Inthefirsttrial,providedparticipantsactuallypletedthosearrangedtasks,theirpersonalitiesshiftedinthedesireddirection.Similarlyexcitingresultscouldbeseeninalatertrial.Thedifferencesofparticipants’personalitiesbeforeandaftertheinterventionwerestillapparentthreemonthsaftertheexperimenthadended.AsAristotlearguedmorethan2,300yearsago,webeewhatwerepeatedlydo.(在第一次试验中，如果参与者确实完成了这些安排好的任务，他们的性格就会朝着预期的方向转变。在随后的试验中也可以看到同样令人兴奋的结果。实验结束三个月后，参与者在干预前后的性格差异仍然很明显。正如亚里士多德在2300多年前所说的那样，我们反复做什么，我们就会成为什么)”可知，内森·哈德森的团队通过他们的研究表明了改变我们个性的某些元素的愿望是可以实现的。故选C。35．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Recentscientificresearch,however,provesthisexpectationofpersonality’spermanencewrong.Withtherightpsychologicalstrategiesandenougheffort,manypeoplecansuccessfullyshapetheircorepersonalitiesintowhattheydesire.(然而，最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子)”可知，文章主要介绍了最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子，C选项“你的性格不是一成不变的”最符合文章标题。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）（2023·江西师大附中三模）Duringjoborschoolinterviews,you’relikelytobeaskedwhatyourstrengthsandweaknessesare,becausetheinterviewersareinterestedinhowyourareasofstrengthsandweaknessesmightaffectyourperformanceinthisposition.36Forinstance,youmaybeskilledincooking,butifyou’reapplyingforanofficejob,thisstrengthmaybeirrelevant.However,knowingyourpersonalareasofstrengthsandweaknessesisnotapieceofcake.Ittakesselfawarenessandselfreflection.37Or,asksomeofyourfriendswhattheyseeasyourbestqualitiesorshortings.38Forexample,let’ssaymystrengthiscreativityandyoursisplanning;webothwanttohavethesamecareer.Wemightgoaboutgettingthereinverydifferentways.IfIdidsomethingcreativetogetmydreamjobandyouplannedcarefully,we’dbothlikelybesuccessful.ButifItriedplanningandyoutriedsomethingcreative,bothofusmightfail.39Havingaweaknessdoesn’thavetobeabadthing.Itcouldbesomethingyoustrugglewith,butitcouldalsobesomethingyouhaven’tspenttimedevelopingyet.40Forexample,maybeyourareaofweaknessisrelevanttogratitude.Youjusthaven’tspentalotoftimethinkingaboutgratitudebefore.Butnowyouengageinabunchofactiv