人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Thinking 语言点讲义

人教版选择性必修三Unit4ReadingandThinking语言点讲义1.AnexpeditiontotheSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackleton-thisistheadventurethatIhavebeendreamingof.(Page38)跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极探险﹣﹣这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。★dreamof梦想；梦见NowLucywaitedforthewartoendanddreamedofpeaceandanewlibrary.露西现在等待着战争结束，梦想着拥有和平和一个新的图书馆。【合作探究】读一读·细观察阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体结构的含义Shedreamedthatonedayshewouldbefamous.结构dreamthat...含义梦想……LastnightMarydreamedasweetdream.结构dreama/an...dream含义做一个……的梦【即学即用】翻译句子Hedreamedofbeingapianistwhenhewasveryyoung.他在很小的时候就梦想当一名钢琴家。②1couldn'tsleepagainafterdreamingaterribledream.我做了一个噩梦后就再也睡不着了2.However,whenIappliedtojointheexpedition,ShackletonturnedmedownbecausehethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn'tqualified.(Page38)然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。★(1)applyvi.申请；请求；应用Heisapplyingforavolunteerjob.他正在申请一份志愿者工作。Ifyouapplyyourselftothejobinhand,you'llsoonfinishit.如果你专心做手头的工作，你很快就会完成的。【合作探究】读一读．细观察阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义①Theresultsofthisresearchcanbeappliedtonewdevelopmentsintechnology.词性动词含义应用②Applythepainttothepreparedwoodandallowittodry.词性动词含义涂；敷③Noteveryapplicanthasadegree.词性名词含义申请人记一记·长知识apply(to...)for...（向）申请applyoneselfto...致力于；集中精力于applyto...适应apply...to...把运用到;把涂到上applicantn.申请人★(2)turndown拒绝Heturneddownthesuggestion.他拒绝了那项提议。【合作探究】读一读·细观察阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词组的含义Sheturneduptheradiowhensheheardherfavouritesong.含义调高（声音）Hehadpromisedtocomebutdidn'tturnup.含义出现；露面The31stOlympicGamesturnedoutagreatsuccess含义结果是；证明是I'dappreciateitifyoucouldturnthemusicdown.含义调低CanyouturnontheTV?含义打开IwanttosleepandturnofftheTV.含义关闭Pleaseturntomeforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.含义求助于；转向说一说·勤归纳turnup出现；到场；调高turndown调低；拒绝turnon打开turnout结果是；证明是turnto求助于；转向turnoff关闭【即学即用】单句语法填空①YourmissingwatchwillturnupI'msure.②Itturnedoutthatthemeetingwassuccessful.③Turntopage30,please.④Whatyousaiddoesn'tapplytome.翻译句子含义⑤Theyappliedtoothermedicalinstitutionsforaid.他们向其他医疗机构求援。⑥Inthiswaytheycanapplytheorytopractice.这样他们就能把理论应用于实践。3.ButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretlywentaboardhisship,theEndurance,andhidinasmallcupboard.(Page38)但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的"坚忍号"轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。剖析so...that..．表示"如此……以至于……"，其中的that在句中引导结果状语从句。MymotherissostubbornthatIcanneverpersuadehertogivein.我的母亲很固执，我从来都不能说服她让步。★enthusiasticadj．热情的；热心的Theretiredworkerisveryenthusiasticabouttheidea.这位退休工人对这个想法很感兴趣。【合作探究】读一读．细观察阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义①Themonitorhelpsthestudentsinneedenthusiastically.词性副词含义热情地；热心地②Footballismygreatenthusiasm.词性名词含义热衷的事物③However,agoodhost,lightenthusiasmisfarfromenough.词性名词含义热情；热心；热忱说一说．勤归纳beenthusiasticabout...对热心enthusiasticallyadv.热情地；热心地enthusiasmn.热情；热心；热忱；热衷的事物【即学即用】翻译句子Althoughshe'sabeginner,sheplayedwithgreatenthusiasm.虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。Thesingergotanenthusiasticreception.那位歌手受到了热情欢迎。Unfortunately,threedaysafterwesetoffIwasdiscovered.(Page38)不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。★setoff出发；动身Whattimeareyouplanningtosetofftomorrow?你明天计划什么时候动身？【合作探究】读一读·细观察阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词组的含义①Becarefulthatyoudon'tsetthefireworksoffbymistake含义使爆炸②Theincidentsetoffachainofevents.含义引起③Themomentshearrivedhome,shesetouttocleanthehouse.含义开始工作；展开任务④Thechildrenaskedhisfatherhowheshouldsetaboutdoingthework.含义开始（做）⑤Anewcompanyhasbeensetupinmyhometown.含义建立；创立⑥Pleasesetdownthesentencesontheblackboard.含义写下；记下说一说·勤归纳setoff出发；动身；使爆炸；引起setout开始工作；展开任务setabout开始（做）setdown写下；记下setup建立；创立记一记·长知识表示"动身去某地"时，可用setout/offfor十地点；表示"开始做某事"时，setouttodosth=setaboutdoingsth【即学即用】单句语法填空Hesetupalabofhisownattheageofeight.Thehorsesetoutataspanking.Hesetdownhisideasonthepaper.句型转换Theysucceededinwhattheysetouttodo.→Theysucceededinwhattheysetaboutdoing.HoweveryonewillenvymewhenIcomebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeento!(Page38)等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！★envyn.&vt．羡慕；妒忌Ienvyyouyourhealth.我羡慕你有个好身体。Outofenvyhesaidsuchthings.出于妒忌他说了这些事。【合作探究】读一读·细观察阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义Ifeelnoenvyat/ofhisriches.词性名词含义羡慕；嫉妒②Heistheenvyofthewholeclass.词性名词含义慕或嫉妒的对象EnviousglanceswerecastatTom.词性形容词含义羡慕的；嫉妒的说一说．勤归纳vt.羡慕；嫉妒vt.羡慕；嫉妒n.羡慕；嫉妒；羡慕或嫉妒的对象n.羡慕；嫉妒；羡慕或嫉妒的对象enviousadj.羡慕的；嫉妒的envyenviousadj.羡慕的；嫉妒的envyenvysbsth羡慕/嫉妒某人某事envysbsth羡慕/嫉妒某人某事【即学即用】翻译句子Theyenvyhimhisgoodfortune.他们羡慕他的好运气。Hisnewhousewastheenvyofallhisfriends.他的新居成了他所有朋友羡慕的对象。6.Andwhentheshipsank,ourheartssankwithit.(Page38)chancesofgettingthejob.船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉。★sinkvi．沉没；下沉；下降vt．使下沉；使沉没Onthevoyage,theshipwasattackedandsank.在航海中，这艘船遭到袭击，沉没了。Withhisproblemsettled,hesankbackintohiscomfortablechairwithrelief.问题解决后，他如释重负地倒在他那把舒适的椅子上。Onitsfirstvoyage,thebigshiphitanicebergandthensanktothebottomofthesea.在第一次航行时，这艘大船撞上了冰山，然后沉到了海底。【合作探究】读一读．细观察阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义①Thedirtydishesareinthesink.词性名词含义洗碗槽②Thelackofmoneywillcertainlysinkourplan词性动词含义使失败记一记·长知识sinkvt．使下沉；使沉没；使失败sinkvi．沉没；下降；下沉Sinkn．洗碗槽sinkto沉到sinkinto被完全理解；逐渐进入状态Beforeweabandonedtheship,Shackletoncalmlycalledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessentialsupplies-thesmallboats,ourfood,thecookstove,candles,clothes,andblankets.(Page38在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品﹣﹣小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。★abandonvt．舍弃；抛弃；放弃Bynomeansshallweabandonsearchingforthemissingpeople.我们绝不会放弃寻找失踪者。【合作探究】读一读．细观察阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义①Thosewhoabandonthemselvestod