Unit4HistoryandTraditions词汇讲解课件高中英语人教版

Unit4HistoryAndTraditionskeywords&phrasesSection1拓展词汇1．individualadj.单独的；个别的

n．个人→______________adv.分别地；

单独地；个别地2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高级别的

n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长→_________adv.主要地；

首要地3．puzzlen．谜；智力游戏；疑问

vt.迷惑；使困惑→_________adj.迷惑的→__________adj.令人迷惑的

individually

chiefly

puzzled

puzzling

Section14．belongvi.应在(某处)；适应→____________n．财产，所有物；行李5．defencen．防御；保卫→________vt.防护；防卫6．legaladj.法律的；合法的→_________adv.合法地→___________adv.违法地；非法地→_________adj.非法的7．surroundvt.围绕；包围→_____________adj.周围的→______________n．环境8．evidencen．证据；证明→_________adj.明显的

belongings

defend

legally

illegally

illegal

surrounding

surroundings

evident

Section19．achievementn．成就；成绩；达到→_________vt.完成；达到10．locationn．地方；地点；位置→_________adj.位于→________vt.使坐落于vi.定位；定居11．announcevt.宣布；通知；声称→______________n．声明；宣告→___________n．广播员，告知者12．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→____________adv.慷慨地；宽大地；丰盛地→____________n．慷慨

achieve

located

locate

announcement

announcer

generously

generosity

Section2重点词汇讲解1.★defencen．防御；保卫

①Itisourdutytodefendourmotherland.保卫祖国是我们的职责。[归纳拓展](1)indefence(of)

保卫(……)(2)defendvt. 防御；保卫；保护；辩护defendoneself 自卫；为自己辩护defendagainst 抵御defendsb.from/against 保护某人免受……

defend的宾语是保护的对象，而against后接的是防御的对象。[对点训练]

②Mostcountrieshavearmiesfortheir_______(defend)．(2)完成句子③Hegavehislife_____________hiscountry.他为保卫祖国而献出了生命。④Hemadealongspeech__________________________________________ objection.他作了长篇演讲来保护他的观点不遭反对。defencein

defence

ofdefending/to

defend

his

views

from/against2．

eager★eageradj.热切的；渴望的

beeagertodosth.

渴望做某事beeagerforsth. 求某事物beeagerin

衷于[辨析]

eager,anxious单词释义eager强调“对成功的期望”或“进取的热情”，含有积极向上的意思anxious强调“焦急；担心”，表示对结果感到不安[对点训练]

(1)单句语法填空②Thelittlegirl,whoishelpedbytheProjectHope,iseager_____knowledge andeager_______(make)progress,sosheiseager____herstudyandis alwayspraisedbyherteachers.(2)选词填空：eager/anxious③Sheis______togotocollege,but________aboutnotpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.她渴望上大学，但担心无法通过高考。forto

makeineageranxious

3．★puzzlen．迷；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑①Iaminapuzzleaboutthematter.＝Iampuzzledwiththematter.我对这事大惑不解。[对点训练]

②Thisletter________(puzzle)me,asweallknow.③Ifindthequestion_________(puzzle)．④Helooked________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.puzzles

puzzling

puzzled[归纳拓展](1)beinapuzzle(about) 对(……)感到困惑不解apuzzletosb. 对某人来说是个谜(2)puzzlingadj. 令人迷惑的puzzledadj. 感到困惑的bepuzzledwith/about 对……困惑不解4．

brokeawayfrom

★breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱

①Hehasbrokenawayfromthehabitofbeinglate.他已经改掉了迟到的习惯。[归纳拓展]breakin

打断；插嘴；强行闯入(不及物动词短语)breakinto 突然开始；强行闯入(及物动词短语)breakout (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生breakup 分解；解散；(关系)破裂[对点训练]

②Theboywassoangrythathebrokeaway______hismotherandranaway.③AsthePresident'scararrived,thecrowdbroke______loudapplause.④Whenthenewscamethatthewarbroke_______hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.from

into

out5．

belongto

★belongvi.应在(某处)；适应①Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.学生们觉得他们属于一个特殊的群体。②Wearelookingforthepersontowhomthebookbelongs.

我们正在寻找这本书的主人。[名师点津]

belongto中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belongingto”。[对点训练]

Nomatterwhathappens,thisislandbelongs____China.④Asisknowntous,Chinaisacountry_________(belong)totheThirdWorld.⑤Thetaxidriveroftenremindspassengerstotaketheir__________(belong)whentheyleavethecar.tobelongingbelongings

[归纳拓展](1)aswellas常在句中连接两个并列的句子成分(若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致)；(2)aswell“除……之外；也；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开；(3)may/mightaswelldosth.只好做某事；做某事倒也无妨[对点训练]

②IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIcanspeakFrench_____well.③ManystudentsaswellasTom______(be)presentatthemeeting.④Nowthatyouhaveagoodchance,youmay/might____wellmakefulluseof it.aswereas8．★surroundvt.围绕；包围

①Onceuponatime,akingwhowaspolitetosurroundingcountrieslivedinacastlesurroundedbyalargeforestandhavingwonderfulsurroundings.

从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。with/by

surrounded

9evidence

(1)Thereissome/noevidencethat...有/没有证据证明……inevidence 显眼；显而易见(2)evidentadj. 明显的；明白的It‘sevidentthat... 很明显……evidentlyadv. 显然；明显地；清楚地that

evidenceItin10．

achievements

★achievementn．[C]成就；成绩；达到[

归纳拓展](1)asenseofachievement

成就感(2)achievevt. 完成；达到vi. 成功achieveone‘ssuccess 获得成功achieveone‘sgoal 达到目标senseofachievementachieve

the

final

successachieve

her

goal10．Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?那么如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？

句中的ifany是ifthereisanydifference的省略形式。ifany为省略句式，意为“如果有的话”，if用作连词。if的其他省略结构：ifnecessary

如果有必要的话ifpossible

如果有可能的话ifnot 如果不这样的话ifso 如果这样的话ifever

如果曾经有的话[对点训练]

①Willyougetafreeeveningnextweek?____let'shaveadinner.下周你会有一个晚上的空吗？如果有，让我们一起吃顿饭吧。②Iseverybodyfeelingcold?________let'sopenthewindow.

大家感到冷吗？如果不，让我们把窗户打开吧。③______________youcanturntome.

如果有必要的话，你可以向我求助。④Pleasetrytofindoutthedifferencesbetweenthetwowords.________speakitout.试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有，请大声说出来。If

so,

If

not,

If

necessary,

If

any,

12．Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“the UK”．大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。句中shortened是过去分词作前置定语。过去分词还可作后置定语和宾语补足语。①Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesame currencyandmilitarydefence.(过去分词短语作后置定语)

像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。②TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegal system.(过去分词作宾语补足语)在英国周围，他们四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。13．AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidence offourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimes throughouthistory.英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。everywhere用作连词，意为“无论哪里”，引导状语从句。Fires

broke

out

everywhere,

Everywhere

she

goes,

14．TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedthe waypeoplebuilthouses.他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。定语从句peoplebuilthouses修饰先行词theway，其前省略了关系词that/inwhich，此时关系词在定语从句中作方式状语。theway作先行词时，若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则关系词用that/which；作宾语时，还可省略。[对点训练]

①Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut__________________.使我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。②Idon'tlikethewayshespeakstoyou.

＝Idon'tliketheway________shespeakstoyou.＝Idon'tliketheway____shespeakstoyou.我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。the

way

he

said

itin

whichthat③Theway__________cameupatthemeetingwasunpractical.

在会议上提出来的方法是不切实际的。④Thereisanotherway___________________________tosolvetheproblem.有另外一个你能够选择的方法来解决这个问题。that/which

(that/which)

you

can

choose

15．Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.

用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。keepyoureyesopen中的open是形容词，作宾语补足语，修饰youreyes。(1)“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构有以下几种形式：(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构有以下几种形式：[对点训练]

①Thatshehadn'tkepthermind____herworkresultedinthefailure.②Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyes_____(close)．③Youshouldmakeyourviews_______(know)．④Everydaymyparentsmakemehaveanegg. →EverydayIammade_________aneggbymyparents.

我父母每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。onclosed

known

to

have16．★chargen．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电①Youarenotinchargeoftheuniverse;youareinchargeofyourself.你不是宇宙的主宰；但你可以主宰你自己。[归纳拓展](1)charge(sb.)forsth. 为……(向某人)收费/要价chargesb.withsth.

指控某人某事(2)incharge(of...) 主管/看管/负责(……)takechargeof... 负责/看管……in/underthechargeofsb.＝inone'scharge在某人的掌管之下freeofcharge 免费charged

the

thief

with

took

charge

of

in

the

charge

ofin

charge

of17．★announcevt.宣布；通知；声称①Theannouncermadeanannouncementthatallthedetailsshouldbeannouncedthroughthebroadcast.广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播公布出来。[

归纳拓展](1)announcesth.(tosb.) (向某人)宣布、通告某事announcethat... 宣布……；通知……Itis/wasannouncedthat... 据宣布……(2)announcementn. 通知；通告makeanannouncement

宣布；下通知(3)announcern. 广播员；播音员

★★

动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announcesth.tosb.或announcetosb.sth.。类似用法的单词还有suggest,explain,report,say等。[

对点训练]

②Hesaidtheluckywoman________________________________andthetripwillbesharedonline.他说这位幸运的女士将在网站上公布出来，整个旅行也会在线分享。③Onedaywithabasketofvegetables,he_____________hewasgoingtocookadeliciousdish.一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。④Attheendofthemeeting,it__________________anagreementhadbeenreached.会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。will

be

announced

on

the

website

announced

to

us

that

was

announced

that

18．★amountn．金额；数量①Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.今天8美元或10美元似乎是一个小数目的钱，但在当时这些数额对大多数公民是禁止的。[归纳拓展](1)“alargeamountof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(2)“largeamountsof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。[联想发散]表示“大量的”短语还有alargenumberof,agreatdealof,plentyof,alargequantityof等。①agreatdealof只能修饰不可数名词；②alargenumberof只能修饰可数名词复数；③alotof,plentyof,alargequantityof既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。[对点训练]

②Alargeamountofdamage_____________(do)tothecityinaveryshorttime.③Peopleindisasterareashavehad______________________frompeopleallovertheworld.灾区人民得到了全世界人们的大量帮助。has

been

done

a

large

amount

of

help

19．★approachn．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近①Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.她还接触了牙医，学习更多有关清洁牙齿的知识。[

归纳拓展](1)anapproachto(doing)sth.

(做)某事的方法/途径attheapproachof 在快到……的时候makeapproachestosb. 想接近某人；想与某人打交道(2)approachableadj. 可接近的；友好的[应用融会](1)单句语法填空②Yesterdayweheldameetingandmadeanapproach__thelow­carbonlife.③Wefoundhimvery____________(approach)andeasytotalkwith.(2)完成句子④Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,__________________from behind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.不幸的是，正当我拿出相机的时候，一位女士从后面走了过来，站在了我

眼前，挡住了我的视线。⑤__________________thecinema,hestoppedandwaitedforhisfriends.在快到电影院时，他停下来等他的朋友。toapproachablea

woman

approached

At

the

approach

of

20．★generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的①Theyoungmanisverygenerouswithhistimeinhelpingothers.这个年轻人在帮助别人方面很慷慨。[

归纳拓展](1)begeneroustosb.

对某人慷慨begenerouswithsth. 在某方面大方；不吝啬某物It'sgenerousofsb.todosth. 某人做某事真是慷慨(2)generouslyadv. 慷慨地；大方地generosityn. 慷慨；大方[对点训练]

②Thesevolunteersareverygenerous____theoldmen.③Itisgenerousofyou_________(lend)yoursmartphonetome.④Sheiswell­knownforher____________(generous)．toto

lendgenerosity

[归纳拓展](1)afeastfor

对……大饱眼福/耳福aweddingfeast 婚宴(2)feaston/uponsth. 尽情享用某物feastyoureyes(onsb./sth.) 尽情欣赏；大饱眼福；赏心悦目21.★feastn．盛宴；宴会；节日[对点训练]

①Theeveningpartywas____________formusiclovers.这个晚会真是让音乐爱好者大饱耳福。②We__________chickenandroastpotatoes.我们饱餐了一顿鸡肉和烤土豆。③Ifyoulikeluxurycars,__________________these.要是你喜欢豪华轿车的话，就好好欣赏这些吧。a

real

feast

feasted

onfeast

your

eyes

on

22.★rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n.卷(轴)；翻滚[归纳拓展](1)rollup

卷起；(转动把手)关闭；到达rollover 翻身；翻滚；翻转rollback 击退；降低rollin 大量涌来(2)arollof 一卷rockandroll 摇滚乐[对点训练]

①Rollingthewindow__

hegavethemanasumofmoney.②Irolledthebaby____ontoitsstomach.③Thecarbegantoroll____downthehill.④Hetookoutaroll__newspapersfromunderhisarm.upoverback

of

23★greetvt.问候；迎候[归纳拓展](1)greetsb.

迎接/问候某人greetsb.with... 用……迎接某人begreetedwith/bysth. 对某事做出某种反应(2)greetingn. 问候；招呼；祝贺agreetingcard 贺卡(3)greetern. 迎宾；门迎[对点训练]

②He______________________warmlyastheyarrived.客人到达时他都热情接待。③They___________________andsatdowntolunch.他们相互致意后便坐下吃午饭。④He_______histeacher____“goodmorning”．他向老师说了句“早安”。greeted

all

the

guests

exchanged

greetings

greetedwith

24．★custom