Chapter-7-Hedging-with-Spreads-国际期货市场运作(英文-教学课件)

Chapter7ErgonomicsUnit1IntroductiontoErgonomicsUnit2PhysiologicalandPsychologicalActivitiesofHuman

Chapter7ErgonomicsUnit1In1Unit1IntroductiontoErgonomics

1.DefinitionofErgonomics2.AimofErgonomics

3.OriginsofErgonomics

4.ComponentsofErgonomics5.ResearchContentsofErgonomics6.ContentsofErgonomicDesign

7.ApplicationofErgonomics

Unit1IntroductiontoErgonom21.DefinitionofErgonomicsErgonomicsisthescientificdisciplineconcernedwiththeunderstandingofinteractionsamonghumansandotherelementsofasystem,andtheprofessionthatappliestheory,principles,dataandmethodstodesigninordertooptimizehumanbeingactivitiesandoverallsystemperformance.1.DefinitionofErgonomicsErg3Chapter-7-Hedging-with-Spreads-国际期货市场运作(英文-教学课件)4Chapter-7-Hedging-with-Spreads-国际期货市场运作(英文-教学课件)54.ComponentsofErgonomicsErgonomicsdealswiththeinteractionoftechnologicalandworksituationswiththehumanbeing.Thebasichumansciencesinvolvedareasfollows:

Anthropometry

Physiology

Psychology4.ComponentsofErgonomicsErg65.ResearchContentsofErgonomics

Ergonomicsincludestwoaspects:PhysicalergonomicsCognitiveergonomics.

5.ResearchContentsofErgono76.ContentsofErgonomicDesignErgonomicdesignisawayofconsideringdesignoptionstoensurethatpeople'scapabilitiesandlimitationsaretakenintoaccount.Thishelpstoensurethattheproductisfitforthetargetusers.Itcovers:ProductdesignAgerelateddesignInformationdesign6.ContentsofErgonomicDesig87.ApplicationofErgonomics

Ergonomicshasawideapplicationtoeverydaydomesticsituations,butthereareevenmoresignificantimplicationsforefficiency,productivity,safetyandhealthinworksettings.

7.ApplicationofErgonomicsE9Unit2PhysiologicalandPsychological

ActivitiesofHuman

1.PhysiologicalAspectsofHumanPerformance

2.Anthropometry

3.Percentile4.ApplicationofAnthropometry

5.ImpactsofWorkingEnvironment6.DefinitionandGoalofEngineeringPsychology

7.EffectsofWorkingEnvironmentonSafety

8.MentalHealth

9.HumanInterfacewiththeWorldofWork

Unit2PhysiologicalandPsych101.PhysiologicalAspectsofHumanPerformance

Theprinciplesofreducingtheriskofinjury:Allworkactivitiesshouldpermittheworkertoadoptseveraldifferent,butequallyhealthyandsafepostures;Muscularforcehastobeexertedbythelargestappropriatemusclegroupsavailable;Workactivitiesshouldbeperformedwiththejointsataboutmid-pointoftheirrangeofmovement.Thisappliesparticularlytothehead,trunk,andupperlimbs.1.PhysiologicalAspectsofHu112.Anthropometry

Anthropometryisabranchofergonomicsthatdealswithbodyshapeandsize.

Thephysicalcharacteristicsoftheshapesandsizesshouldbetakenintoaccountwheneversomething,fromsomethingassimpleasapenciltosomethingascomplexasacar,isdesignedforsomeone.2.AnthropometryAnthropometry123.PercentilePercentilesareshowninanthropometrytablesandtheytellyouwhetherthemeasurementgiveninthetablesrelatestothe'average'person,orsomeonewhoisaboveorbelowaverageinacertaindimension.Thegraphoftheheightsofagroupofpeopleissymmetricalsothat50%ofpeopleareofaverageheightortallerand50%ofpeopleareofaverageheightorsmaller.

3.PercentilePercentilesares13Figure7.1TheHeightsofaGroupofPeople

Figure7.1TheHeightsofaGr144.ApplicationofAnthropometry

TheaimforthedesignDesignexamplesExamplesofmeasurementstoconsiderUsersthatthedesignshouldaccommodateEasyreachVehicledashboards,ShelvingArmlength,ShoulderheightSmallestuser:5thpercentileAdequateclearancetoavoidunwantedcontact/trappingManholes,CinemaseatsShoulderorhipwidth,ThighlengthLargestuser:95thpercentileAgoodmatchbetweentheuserandtheproductSeats,Cyclehelmets,PushchairKnee-floorheight,Headcircumference,WeightMaximumrange:5thto95thpercentile4.ApplicationofAnthropometr154.ApplicationsofAnthropometry

TheaimforthedesignDesignexamplesExamplesofmeasurementstoconsiderUsersthatthedesignshouldaccommodateAcomfortableandsafepostureLawnmowers,MonitorpositionsElbowheight,SittingeyeheightMaximumrange:5thto95thpercentileEasyoperationScrewbottletops,Doorhandles,LightswitchesGripstrength,Handwidth,HeightSmallestorweakestuser:5thpercentileToensurethatanitemcan'tbereachedoroperatedMachineguardingmesh,DistanceofrailingsfromhazardFingerwidth，ArmlengthSmallestuser:5thpercentile,Largestuser:95thpercentile4.ApplicationsofAnthropomet165.ImpactsofWorkingEnvironment

Inordertosatisfytherequirementsofusers,theimpactsofworkingenvironmentonphysiologicalstatusmustbetakenintoaccount:People'seyesightandhearingabilitiesarealsoneededtoconsiderVisionisusuallytheprimarychannelforinformationSoundcanbeausefulwaytoprovideinformation5.ImpactsofWorkingEnvironm176.DefinitionandGoalofEngineeringPsychology

EngineeringPsychologyisdefinedastheapplicationofpsychologicalprinciples,knowledge,andresearchtoimprovetheabilityofhumanstooperatemoreeffectivelyinatechnologicalsociety.ThegoalofEngineeringPsychologyissafer,moreeffective,andmorereliablesystemsthroughimprovedunderstandingoftheuser'srequirementsandperformancecapabilities.6.DefinitionandGoalofEngi187.EffectsofWorkingEnvironmentonSafety

Safetyandaccidentpreventionareimportantareasofergonomics,environmentalpsychologyandergonomicsengineering.

Thegeneralsurroundingsofyourofficecouldbehavingnegativeeffectsonyourmentalstateandworkproductivity.

EnvironmentalFactors:light,noise,…

7.EffectsofWorkingEnvironm198.Ment