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Unit2EnglisharoundtheworldReading高一人教新课标必修一Unit2高一人教新课标必修一1actuallyinfact实际上,事实上atpresentnow现在的、出席的rulegovern统治vocabularywordsandexpressions词汇、词汇量graduallybydegrees逐渐地Newwordsactuallyinfact实际2official官方的

voyage航行,航海native本国的,本地的actually事实上latter后者的

identity身份fluent流利的frequently频繁地

official官方的3bebasedon以…为基础culture文化、文明identity身份government政府rapidly迅速地Singapore新加坡Malaysia马来西亚

bebasedon以…为基础4Carefulreading:

Para1--DevelopmentofEnglishtheendofthe16thcentury

the

next

century

today

peopleEnglandManyothercountriesMore

people

speak

in

more

countriesCarefulreading:

Para1--Deve5IfanAmericanistalkingtoanEnglishman,_______.A.TheywillhavealmostnodifficultyinunderstandingB.TheywillhavealotofmisunderstandingsbetweeneachotherC.TheAmericanfindsitdifficulttounderstandtheEnglishmanD.TheEnglishmanfindsitdifficulttofollowtheAmericanPara2A

IfanAmericanistalkingtoa6Why

does

English

change

overtime?Becauseofculturalcommunication.ReadPara3andanswerthequestion:WhydoesEnglishchangeovert7TheroadtomodernEnglishAD450-1150Englishwasbasedmoreon_______.AD800-1150Englishbecame_____likeGermanBecausethosewho_____EnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.Inthe1600s_____________madeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.GermanThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagelessruledShakespeareTheroadtomodernEnglishAD48TheroadtomodernEnglishIn1620SomeBritishsettlersmovedto_________.Laterinthe18thcenturySomeBritishpeopleweretakento__________.1765-1947Englishbecamethelanguagefor_________________________.AmericaAustralia

government

and

education

TheroadtomodernEnglishIn19

TheroadtomodernEnglishBythe19thcenturyTheEnglishlanguagewassettled.Twobigchangesin_______________happened:SamuelJohnsonwrotehis__________andNoahWebsterwrote_________________________________________________NowEnglishisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguage_________________________________andsoon.English

spellingdictionaryTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.in

SouthAsiaChinaSouth

AfricaTheroadtomodernEnglishByt10

SamuelJohnsonBorn:September18,1709WriteadictionaryOneoftheEnglishlanguage’smostprofoundinfluences.TwoimportantpersonsinPara4SamuelJohnsonTwoimpo11

NoahWebster

Born:October16,1758Died:May28,1843

WhenNoahwas43,hestartedwritingthefirstAmericandictionary.HedidthisbecauseAmericansindifferentpartsofthecountryspelled,pronouncedandusedwordsdifferently.

NoahWebster12WhyisIndiamentionedinthelastparagraph?A.BecauseIndiaisatypicalcountrywhospeaksEnglishasasecondlanguagebecauseofitslongbeingruledbyBritain.B.BecauseIndiahasaverylargenumberofEnglishspeakers.C.BecauseIndiaisacountrywhereEnglishplaysaveryimportantroleinsociallife.D.BecauseIndiahasalonghistoryofcommunicationwithBritain.Para5A

WhyisIndiamentionedinthe13English

is

used

as…

Afirst

language

Asecond

languageAforeignlanguage

in

theUK,USA,Canada,Australia,SouthAfrica,IrelandandNewZealandandsoon.

in

India,Pakistan,NigeriathePhilippines,andHKandsoon.

in

China,andsoon.

Englishisusedas…Afirstla14timeplaceLanguagecanchangewithtime.Languagecanchangewhenculturescommunicatewitheachother.ConclusiontimeplaceLanguagecanchangew151.Englishhas/hadthemostspeakers____.nowwhentheBritishruledmanypartsoftheworldC.inthetimeofShakespeareD.inthe12thcentury2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?Languagesalwaysstaythesame.Languageschangeonlyafterwars.Languagesnolongerchange.Languageschangewhencultureschange.A

D

Choosethecorrectanswer.1.Englishhas/hadthemostsp163.FromAD450to1150,Englishsoundedmorelike_____.A.FrenchB.ChineseC.GermanD.Russian4.Shakespeare’sEnglishwasspokenaround_____.A.1400’sB.1150’sC.450’sD.1600’s5.WhichcountryhasthefastestgrowingnumberofEnglishspeakersintheworld?A.AustraliaB.ChinaC.IndiaD.BritainC

D

B

3.FromAD450to1150,Englis17MostEnglishspeakersinthe16th

centurylivedinEngland.2.MoreandmorepeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstor2ndlanguage.3.Englishbegantobespokeninothercountiesin17thcentury.TTTTrueorFalseMostEnglishspeakersinthe1184.NativeEnglishspeakerscan’tunderstandeachotherbecausetheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.5.AsEnglishiswidelyused,itwillbemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.6.NoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.FTT4.NativeEnglishspeakerscan197.From1765to1947EnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducationinIndia.8.AmericahasthelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.9.Englishhadthemostspeakersinthe17thcentury.10.EnglishdevelopedwhennewsettlersandrulerscametoBritain.TFFT7.From1765to1947Englishb2011.Languagesfrequently

change.12.Thelanguageofthegovernmentisalwaysthelanguageofthecountry.13.EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesusedinIndia.14.ThisreadingdescribesthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.FTTF11.Languagesfrequentlychang21Atfirst,onlypeoplein________spokeEnglish.Later,peoplefromEngland_______tootherparts,soEnglishbegantobespokenin____________________.Today,_______peoplespeakEnglishastheir_____,secondorforeignlanguage._______Englishspeakers_____understandeachotherbut_______________.Retellthetext.England

movedmany

other

countriesmorefirstNativecannoteverythingAtfirst,onlypeoplein_____22Alllanguageschangewhen________communicatewithoneanother.SothereareBritishEnglish,AmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglishandsoon.Theyallhavetheirown________.Englishisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguagein________________.MaybeonedayChineseEnglishwillbecomeoneoftheworldEnglish.culturesidentitymanyothercountriesAlllanguageschangewhen____23

1.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.nearly和almost用法明辨：(1)两者通用的场合a.在肯定句中b.修饰all,every,always等时e.g.Almost/Nearlyeveryoneknowsyourname.LanguagePoints

1.Nearlyallofthemlivedi24(2)只用almost的场合a.和any,no,none,nothing,nobody,nowhere,never等连用时。b.和too,morethan等连用时。e.g.Thereisalmostnoneleft.Thatisalmosttoomuch.(2)只用almost的场合25(3)只用nearly的场合a.被very,not,pretty等修饰时,notnearly意思是“远远不是”。b.和具体数字连用时(nearly常用)。如:Itisnotnearlysoeasyasyouthink.Ihavevery/prettynearlyfinishedit.Nearly100studentsattendedthemeeting.(3)只用nearly的场合262.official1).adj,官方的，正式的anofficiallanguage2）官员，行政人员Heisaunionofficial.officer与officialofficer常指身穿制服的官员（如军警）official常指政府官员行政官员policeofficerapublicofficial2.official1).adj,官方的，正式的anof273.voyage在此为可数名词,意为“旅行,航行”。make/take/goonavoyage去航海onvoyage在航海中①TheTitanicwentonitsfirstvoyage.②Theysuppliedthisshipwithenoughfoodandnecessitiesforalongvoyage.③Idon’twanttomakethevoyage

withouthelp.3.voyage在此为可数名词,意为“旅行,28[拓展]voyage还可用作动词,意为“(乘船)航行,航海”。如：TheyplannedtovoyageacrossthePacificOcean.[拓展]294.becauseof后边加名词或动名词短语

because

是连词,所以后边跟句子因为你的关心,我发现生活充满了希望。Because

youareconcernedabout

me,Ifindthatlifeisfullofhope.Because

of

yourconcern,Ifindthatlifeisfullofhope.4.becauseof后边加名词或动名词短语30因为雨下得很大,那个男孩穿过树林回家了。Because

itrainedheavily,theboywentbackhomethroughthewoods.Because

of

theheavyrain,theboywentbackhomethroughthewoods.因为雨下得很大,那个男孩穿过树林315.Nativeadj/n.本国的，本土的

本国人，土著人

nativelanguage母语nativecustoms当地风俗

benativetos.p.原产地是….，是….特产的PotatoisnativetoAmerica.5.Nativeadj/n.本国的，本土的

326.than

ever

before“比以往任何时候更”thaneverbefore可看作是thantheyeverspeakEnglishbefore的省略形式。在比较级结构中,副词ever与比较级连用，表示最高级含义。ever和最高级连用,用来加强语气,表示“有史以来最….,迄今为止最…”。如:Janelooksmuchprettierthaneverbefore.ThisisthebestsongthatI’veeverheard.6.thaneverbefore“比以往任何时候更337.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.evenif=eventhough“即使”,用来引导一个让步状语从句,但是evenif/though引导的从句不用将来时。如:Evenifitrainstomorrow,wewillleaveforBeijing.7.NativeEnglishspeakerscan34用if,asif,evenif填空。(1)_________Ihadmoney,Iwouldn’tbuyit.(2)_______Ihadmoney,Iwouldbuyit.(3)Itlooks__________itisgoingtorain.(evenif引导让步状语从句;if引导条件状语从句;asif/though“似乎是…”引导方式状语从句)EvenifIfasif用if,asif,evenif填空。Evenif35注意:

(1)evenif(=eventhough):inspiteofthefact;nomatterwhether即使;尽管是连词词组,用来引导让步状语从句;若主、从句皆表示将来情况,从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时。(2)evenif从句所说的不那么肯定。eventhough从句是事实。e.g:Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.

(=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)(Even)thoughheispoor,sheloveshim.

(=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.)注意:(1)evenif(=eventhough36Whentalkingtoafriendoverthetelephone,youfeelthatyouareclose_______theactualdistanceisnotshortened.A.butB.evenifC.soD.becauseBWhentalkingtoafriendover37①Achildcameuptomeandshowedmethewaytothestation.②thesuncomesupintheeast.

Newshootsofbamboowillcome

up

fromaroundtherootsoftheoldones.Yourquestioncame

upatthemeeting.comeabout出现;发生8.come

up上来,走近;发芽;被提出;升起走近,上来升起被提出讨论①Achildcameuptomeandsho38comeacross偶然遇到或找到come

around

恢复;还原;改变某人的意见或立场come

down

传承;按习惯通过或处理come

out

成为众所周知;发行或发表;结果;自己公开宣布come

over

过来;偶然拜访come

up

with

宣布或发现

Thedoctorcameupwithacureforthedisease.comeacross偶然遇到或找到399.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?那么,英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？over贯穿,经过(一段时间)e.g.Overtheyears,hehasbecomemorepatient.经过这些年,他变得更有耐心。周末她会来杭州。ShewillcometoHangzhouovertheweekend.圣诞节时你在家吗？WillyoustayathomeoverChristmas?over

超过(=morethan),再三(again)over2minutesoverandover9.SowhyhasEnglishchanged4010.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。1)basev.意为“以……为根据,把基础设在……”,常构成短语basesth.on/uponsth。如：10.ItwasbasedmoreonGerma41Thisnovelisbasedonfact.这部小说是以事实为根据的。ThepaperhadintendedtobaseitselfinLondon.ThisfilmisbasedonanovelbyD.H.Lawrence.[拓展]base还可用作名词,意为“底部,基地,基础”等。如:Thisnovelisbasedonfact.42Thereisadooratthebaseofthetower.Howmanymilitarybasesaretheymaintainingonforeignsoil?ManylanguageshaveLatinastheirbase.Thereisadooratthebaseof432)more…than…是…而不是…;与其说…不如说…;中间接相同成分。Heismoreafriendthanateacher.Heismorelazythanstupid.扩展:more

than不仅仅;多于;十分e.g.Heismorethanateacherinourschool.Hemademorethantenfriendsinthisclub.Sheismorethanbeautiful.rather

than而不是;less

than少于；other

than除……之外2)more…than…是…而不是…;443)presentadj.当前的,现在的(作前置定语)Didyouseethepresentnationalleaders?Canyoutellussomethingaboutthepresentsituation?出席的,在场的(作表语或后置定语)Ourteacherwaspresentatthemeeting.Allthepeoplepresentagreetomyplan.3)presentadj.当前的,现在的(作前置定45

n.目前,现在;礼物Ican’tsparetimebecauseIambusyat

present.Whatpresentdidyoureceivefromyourparents?at

present:

now;atthistime/momentShe’sbusyat

presentandcan’tspeaktoyou.她现在很忙,不能跟你谈话。At

presentheisaprofessorofmathematicsatCambridge.目前他是剑桥大学的数学教授。n.目前,现在;礼物46vt.赠与,赠给予,给,提出presentsb.withsth.或presentsth.tosb.把…交给,颁发,授予如:Motherpresentedagifttomejustnow.Onhisbirthday,hisfriendspresentedhimwithaseriesofreaders./presentedaseriesofreaders

tohim.(送给他一套读本)

vt.赠与,赠给予,给,提出4711.The1600’s17世纪

表示世纪年代，在基数词前加the，后加s或’sInthe1930s/1930’s20世纪30年代Intheearly/late1800s19世纪初/末Inhisforties在他四十多岁时（用整十的复数）11.The1600’s17世纪4811.Shakespearemade

use

ofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.莎士比亚使用了比以往任何时候更为广泛的词汇量。makeuseof利用,使用makegood/fulluseof充分使用Makethemost/bestof充分使用makenouseofsth.

没有利用11.Shakespearemadeuseofa49Wecouldmakegooduseofourresources.我们应该充分利用好我们的资源。Everyminuteshouldbe

made

good

use

of.每一分钟都应该很好地利用。Wecouldmakegooduseofour50Shemakesuseofpeopleshemeetsasheroesforhernovel.Weshouldmake

good

use

oftimetostudy.[拓展]

make构成的常见短语:makeof，makefrom通常用于被动语态,构成bemadeof,bemadefrom都表示“由……制成”。Shemakesuseofpeoplesheme51其中bemadeof表示在产品中能够看出原材料;bemadefrom表示在产品中看不出原材料。make

up编写,编造;和解make

up

of由……组成/构成；make

up

for弥补,补偿make

out理解,弄懂;看清,(勉强)辨认出;假装,装成make

into制成……makeit成功,办成;及时赶到其中bemadeof表示在产品中能够看出5212.thenumberof/anumberofthenumberof“…….的数目”,接可数名词复数,其后谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofundergraduates

hasincreasedovertheyears.anumberof许多,大量(后接复数名词),

其后谓语动词用复数。(agreatnumberof/alargenumberof/asmallnumberof)Anumberofteachersare

onleave.12.thenumberof/anumberof53Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty,butanumberofthem___absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;wereC注意:只能修饰可数名词的

alarge/great/goodnumberof,agood/greatmany,dozensof,scoresof,quiteafewThenumberofpeopleinvited_54只能修饰不可数名词的：agreatdealof,alargeamountof,quitealittle,alargesu