精读高考真题（八）阅读理解导学案 高考英语二轮复习

精读高考真题(八）高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。一、真题再现TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround8A.Q.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld'sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat-tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.•Rungrado1stofMayStadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R-Korea.Capacity.150,000.Opened.May1,1989.•MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened.October1,1927.•BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,I960.•OhioStadium,

Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.•KyleField,

CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?A.104,944.

B.107,601.

C.About150,000.D.About250,000.22.Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?A.MichiganStadium.B.BeaverStadium.C.OhioStadium.D.KyleField.23.Whatdothelistedstadiumshaveincommon?A.Theyhostbiggames.B.TheyhavebecometouristattractionsC.TheywerebuiltbyAmericans.D.Theyarefavoredbyarchitects（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇）语篇导读本文的语篇类型是应用文，主题语境为人与社会。主要介绍了世界上最大的体育馆----罗马斗兽场，以及其它几座体育馆的相关信息。重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语pourvi.（人）大量涌入（或涌出），蜂拥（熟词生义）pourinto不断涌入pouroutof不断涌出informvt.对......有影响，赋予（作品等）以特征（熟词生义）seatvt.〔某处〕坐得下......人、能供给......人座位、容纳......人（同义词：accommodate，hold）（名词转动词）fryn.鱼苗，鱼秧（熟词生义）smallfry小鱼，（相比较之下）不重要的/微不足道的人（或事物）accommodatevt.容纳，提住宿（或膳宿、座位等）accommodationn.住宿，住处，膳宿safetyregulations安全法规rankvt.（按级别、顺序等）把......分等级、把......分类（名词转动词）statedadj.被宣称的，作过说明的（分词形容词）statevt.声称，宣称，声明，陈述updatedadj.更新过的，最新的（分词形容词）updatevt.更新functionaladj.在起作用的，在工作的，运转正常的functionn.功能，作用，职能hostvt.主办（会动、赛事等），做......的东道主（名词转动词）eventn.（体育运动的）比赛项目（熟词生义）关键结构和长难句PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.本句的时态是现在完成进行时，其构成形式是：have/hasbeendoing（即把进行时bedoing中的be变成现在完成时行式havebeen）。现在完成进行时强调动作一直在进行并持续到现在。至于该动作是刚刚停止，还是继续下去，则上下文而定。或表述为：现在完成进行时表示一个从过去开始、现在仍在继续中的动作或刚刚结束的动作。与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时主要有未完结性、短暂性、刚完结性和连续性或重复性等四个特点。E.g.Myshoehasbeenpressingagainstmyfoot,soithurtsabit.我的鞋挤脚，所以脚有点疼。（press的动作完结）TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.他们一直住在纽约。（与TheyhavelivedinNewYork.相比，更具短暂性）Myhandsareverydirty.I’vebeenpaintingthecar.我的手很脏，我油漆汽车来着。（paint的动作刚刚结束）Foryearswe’vebeendemandingbetterhousingandjobs.多年来，我们一直在要求更好的居住条件和工作。（demand的动作持续不断，而且还要进行下去）【参考译文】自古希腊时代起，人们就一直不断地涌入体育场馆。Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.1).表示物体的长、宽、高或重量等常用的句型：“数词+单位量词词+形容词”。也可以用“数词+单位词+介词+名词”来表达。E.g.Theroadis2kilometreslong.(=Theroadis2kilometresinlength.)这条路有2公里长。Thewoodenbridgeis20metreswide.(Thewoodenbridgeis20metresinwidth)这座木桥有20米宽2).seating50,000people是现在分词短语做状语，表示伴随情况，其逻辑主语是Rome’sColosseum。seat用作及物动词，意为“容纳，做得下”，相当于accommodate或hold等。E.g.Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding,throwinghard-edgedshadowsontheground.阳光炽白炫目，在地上投下浓重的阴影。【参考译文】罗马斗兽场有157英尺高，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.1).Comparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus是过去分词短语形式做状语。comparedwith/to...意为“与......比较起来，较之......”。E.g.Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,comparedwithhisoldone.和他的旧房子比起来，Michael的新房子就像巨大的宫殿。Lookedatinthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodisappointing.这样看来，情况似乎并不那么令人失望。2).whichaccommodatedaround250,000people是一非限制性定语从句，先行词是CircusMaximus并在从句中作主语。E.g.By16:30,whichwasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold到16:30为止，几乎所有的画都卖出去了，这几乎就是关门的时间。【参考译文】然而，与这座城市容纳了大约25万人的CircusMaximus相比，那就显得微不足道了。Thesedays,safetyregulations--nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat--tendtokeepstadiumcapacitiesslightlylower.1).句中的nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat用做插入语。“nottomention...”，意为“更不用说......，更不用提......”，表示意义的增补。E.g.Life

is

full

of

possibilities.

Not

to

mention,

a

few

unexpected

surprises.生活充满了各种各样的可能，不必提及，还有一些想不到的惊喜。

It’stoofartowalk,nottomentionthefactthatit’llprobablybeclosedbynowanyway.走着去太远，再说，很可能现在都已经关门了。.“tendto+动词原形”，意为“（往往）会......”，“（必然）能趋向于......”，“易于......”，“有......趋势”等。现代语言学家把tendto看作是“半助动词”。E.g.Hetendstogetangrywhenpeopledisagreewithhim.当人们不同意他的观点的时候，他常常生气。Hetendstowakeupearlyinthemorning.他通常早上醒得早。.句中的slightlylower是动词keep后面的宾语补足语。“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，keep表示“使处于某种状态”，这里的宾语补足语主要由形容词、副词、介词短语或分词等充当。E.g.KeepyoureyescloseduntilItellyoutoopenthem.闭上眼睛，直到我让你睁开时再睁开。Thiskindofexercisewillkeepyouingoodshape.这种锻炼会让你保持健康。I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你等了。【参考译文】现如今，安全法规倾向于保持球场容量略低，更不用说现代体育迷渴望的一个好的视野和一个舒适的座位。Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch..gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch是特殊结构中的倒装句，这里是表语前置。还原后的句子是：thedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematcharegone。“表语+连系动词+主语”是一种完全倒装结构。英语中作表语的形容词、分词等比较短，而主语则相对比较长时，为了保持句子平衡，根据英语的尾重原则（即把长而复杂的成分放在句末的原则），把表语放在句首，形成“表语+连系动词+主语”的句式。E.g.GonearethedayswhenweChineselookeddownupon.

我们中国人被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。Luckyisshewhowasadmittedtoafamousuniversitylastyear.

她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。2).standingtowatchthematch是现在分词短语形式做后置定语，它的逻辑主语是其所修饰的thousands(offans)。E.g.John

has

really

got

the

job

because

he

showed

me

the

official

letter

offering

him

it.约翰确实得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了给他工作的官方的信函。【参考译文】甚至足球迷往往都有自己的座位；成千上万人站着看比赛的日子一去不复返了。Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.1).句中的suppliedby...是过去分词短语做后置定语，其逻辑主语是theWorldAtlaslist。E.g.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecamerasreturnedtoourshopforqualityproblems.厂商定期回收因质量问题退回来的相机。2).aswellas并列了stated...和updated...。aswellas如同and,or一样，起并列连词作用，它所连接的成分要互相对等，即名词与名词相并列，动词与动词性并列，分词与分词相并列，等等。在AaswellasB结构中，语意的侧重点常常在A项上，所以aswellas词义许多情况下并不简单等同于and。E.g.JohncanspeakChineseaswellasFrench.约翰能讲法语还能讲汉语。Electroniccomputerscanaddandsubtractaswellasmultiplyanddivide.电子计算机能够加减，也能乘除。Itisapoliticalaswellaseconomicquestion.这是一个政治问题，也是一个经济问题。Itisimportantforyouaswellasforme.这件事对于你，对于我都很重要。当用aswellas来连接主语时，谓语动词的数决定于充当主语的第一个名词的数。有人把这种用法的aswellas叫做“准并列连词”。E.g.Theteacher,aswellasanumberofstudents,wasaskedtoattendtheparty.老师和许多学生受邀出席来了聚会。【参考译文】对于世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了theWorldAtlaslist提供的迄今为止的数据，该数据根据它们所声明的永久容量，以及官方体育场网站上的更新信息进行排名。【答案】DCA【附：学案】精读高考真题(八）高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。一、真题再现TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround8A.Q.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld'sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat-tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.•Rungrado1stofMayStadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R-Korea.Capacity.150,000.Opened.May1,1989.•MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened.October1,1927.•BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,I960.•OhioStadium,

Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.•KyleField,

CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?A.104,944.

B.107,601.

C.About150,000.D.About250,000.22.Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?A.MichiganStadium.B.BeaverStadium.C.OhioStadium.D.KyleField.23.Whatdothelistedstadiumshaveincommon?A.Theyhostbiggames.B.TheyhavebecometouristattractionsC.TheywerebuiltbyAmericans.D.Theyarefavoredbyarchitects（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇）语篇导读本文的语篇类型是_________主题语境为______________。主要介绍了__________________________________________________。重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语pourvi.pourintopouroutofinformvt.seatvt.fryn.smallfryaccommodatevt.accommodationn.safetyregulationsrankvt.statedadj.statevt.updatedadj.updatevt.functionaladj.functionn.hostvt.eventn.关键结构和长难句PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.本句的时态是_______________，其构成形式是：________________（即把进行时bedoing中的be变成现在完成时行式___________）。现在完成进行时强调_________________。至于该动作是刚刚停止，还是继续下去，则上下文而定。或表述为：现在完成进行时表示_____________________________________。与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时主要有_________、_________、________和___________等四个特点。E.g.Myshoe____________________againstmyfoot,soithurtsabit.我的鞋挤脚，所以脚有点疼。（press的动作_____________）They______________________inNewYork.他们一直住在纽约。（与TheyhavelivedinNewYork.相比，更具_________）Myhandsareverydirty.I____________________thecar.我的手很脏，我油漆汽车来着。（paint的动作_______________）Foryearswe________________betterhousingandjobs.多年来，我们一直在要求更好的居住条件和工作。（demand的动作__________________________）【译文】_________________________________。Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.1).表示物体的长、宽、高或重量等常用的句型：___________________。也可以用_____________________________来表达。E.g.Theroadis__________________.(=Theroadis_________________.)这条路有2公里长。Thewoodenbridgeis________________________.(Thewoodenbridgeis__________________________)这座木桥有20米宽2).seating50,000people是____________做_______，表示________，其逻辑主语是______________。seat用作_________动词，意为_____________，相当于______________或_________等。E.g.Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding,_____________hard-edgedshadowsontheground.阳光炽白炫目，在地上投下浓重的阴影。【译文】_______________________________________________。However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.1).Comparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus是___________形式做________。comparedwith/to...意为______________________。E.g.Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,___________________.和他的旧房子比起来，Michael的新房子就像巨大的宫殿。__________________,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodisappointing.这样看来，情况似乎并不那么令人失望。2).whichaccommodatedaround250,000people是一_______________，_______是CircusMaximus并在从句中作_____语。E.g.By16:30,_______wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold到16:30为止，几乎所有的画都卖出去了，这几乎就是关门的时间。【译文】___________________________________________________。Thesedays,safetyregulations--nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat--tendtokeepstadiumcapacitiesslightlylower.1).句中的nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat用做__________。“nottomention...”，意为__________________，表示____________。E.g.Life

is

full

of

possibilities.

_____________,

a

few

unexpected

surprises.生活充满了各种各样的可能，不必提及，还有一些想不到的惊喜。

It’stoofartowalk,________________thefactthatit’llprobablybeclosedbynowanyway.走着去太远，再说，很可能现在都已经关门了。.“tendto+动词原形”，意为_____________，______________，__________________，________________等。现代语言学家把tendto看作是____________。E.g.He_________________whenpeopledisagreewithhim.当人们不同意他的观点的时候，他常常生气。He_____________________inthemorning.他通常早上醒得早。.句中的slightlylower是动词keep后面的_________________。在“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，keep表示____________________，这里的宾语补足语主要由____________、__________、_____________或____________等充当。E.g.Keepyoureyes_____________untilItellyoutoopenthem.闭上眼睛，直到我让你睁开时再睁开。Thiskindofexercisewillkeepyou____________________.这种锻炼会让你保持健康。I’msorrytohavekeptyou___________.对不起，让你等了。【译文】_____________________________________________________。Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch..gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch是特殊结构中的___________句，这里是___________前置。还原后的句子是：_________________________________。“表语+连系动词+主语”是一种____________结构。英语中作表语的形容词、分词等比较短，而主语则相对比较长时，为了____________，根据英语的_______原则（即把长而复杂的成分放在_____________的原则），把表语放在句首，形成__________________的句式。E.g._________________thedayswhenweChineselook