广东中考英语二轮复习课件：名词

名词考点2021年~2023年广东省卷中考(语言知识运用)考查题型2023年2022年2021年1.可数名词及其单复数语法选择//1分(birds)2.不可数名词////3.名词所有格语法选择/1分(teacher’s)/4.名词辨析完形填空3分(time,baby,idea)2分(vegetables,family)3分(advantages,space,reply)5.名词填空短文填空1.5分(invention，词性转换)+1.5分(habit，固定搭配)1.5分(yes，根据上下文)+1.5分(water，语境)1.5分(letters，原词复现)考情分析2021年~2023年广东中考关于名词的考查分值较稳定，一般是6分左右，主要分布在语法选择、完形填空和短文填空这三个题型中。考点1~3是语法选择和短文填空的常考点；名词辨析是完形填空的必考点，每年必考2~3题；词性转换和固定搭配是短文填空的高频考点。故复习备考必须重视这三种题型!名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念名称的词。从名词所表示的事物的性质看，可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。从名词的类别看，个体名词和集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。可数名词的单数形式一般可以用不定冠词(a,an)修饰；不可数名词一般不能用不定冠词(a,an)修饰。

可数名词及其单复数(2021语法选择考)1.概念：一般来说，可以用数目来计算的事物或人的名词，称为可数名词。2.可数名词复数的规则变化规则读音例子①一般情况下，直接在名词后加-s在清辅音后读/s/book→books,tip→tips在浊辅音以及元音后读/z/car→cars,pig→pigs,tree→trees在t后，一起读/ts/coat→coats,student→students在d后，一起读/dz/word→words,hand→hands②以s,x，sh,ch结尾的名词后加-es发音为/ɪz/glass→glasses,box→boxes,brush→brushes,watch→watches③以f(e)结尾的词，变f(e)为v，再加-es发音为/vz/leaf→leaves,knife→knives,shelf→shelves，life→lives④以y结尾的名词以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es一般ies读/ɪz/baby→babies,city→cities以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，在词尾加-s发音为/z/toy→toys,boy→boys,day→days⑤以o结尾的名词以“辅音字母+o”结尾的本族词，加-es发音为/z/hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes，potato→potatoes以“元音字母+o”结尾或以“辅音字母+o”结尾的外来词、缩写词等，加-s发音为/z/photo→photos,piano→pianos

3.可数名词复数的不规则变化规则例子①改变名词中的元音字母或其他变化形式man→men,foot→feet,tooth→teeth②单复数形式相同sheep,deer,fish,Chinese③只能用复数形式，与谓语动词的复数形式连用trousers,clothes,glasses,sunglasses(续表)规则例子④形式上为复数，但意义为单数，与谓语动词的单数形式连用news,maths⑤一些集体名词形式上为单数，意义上为复数people,police,cattle(牛)，staff(工作人员)⑥集体名词表示由若干个体组成的集合体。集体名词作主语，如视为整体，谓语动词用单数；如视为个体成员，谓语动词用复数family,class,team,group,armyOur

team

needs

money

to

play

in

another

city.我们队需要钱去另一个城市比赛。My

family

are

very

well.我的家人身体都很好。⑦复数形式表示特殊含义times(时代)，drinks(饮料)，manners(礼貌)，looks(外表)，brains(头脑，智力)，greens(青菜)⑧表示“某国人”变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面中日不变：Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese英法变：Englishman→Englishmen，Frenchman→Frenchmen；其余s加后面：American→Americans,German→Germans⑨由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时，常将最后一个名词变复数。但如果第一个名词是man或woman时，两个名词都要变复数twogirlstudents

fiveappletreestenwomenteachers

threemennurses(

)1.(2021广东，语法选择)Peoplecouldenjoythescenery(风景)andwatch

36

there.

A.bird B.birds C.bird’s D.birds’(

)2.(2020广州，语法选择)Thebandittakesonebookandshouts，“NexttimeIwant

9

!”

A.somemoney

B.anymoney

C.somemoneys

D.anymoneys3.(2021广东，短文填空)LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven73.

tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

letters

AB

不可数名词1.概念：物质名词和抽象名词无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词通常无复数形式。2.在没有量词的情况下，不可数名词前不能用a,an这两个不定冠词。3.常见的不可数名词：类别例子饮食milk,water,tea,wine,food,beef,rice,bread,salt,corn,soup,oil,meat,pork,wheat,juice,coffee,beer,cheese,butter材料wood,gold,glass,silk,plastic,cotton,wool,metal自然earth,light,rain,wind,ice,grass,weather,snow,fire,universe,sunshine其他advice,confidence,time,money,news,housework,homework,knowledge,music,help,information,trouble,fun,success,surprise,progress,pity,pleasure,treasure,shame4.某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的，而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如：Aglassismadeofglass.玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。(句中的第一个glass表示“玻璃杯”，是个体名词，是可数的。第二个glass意为“玻璃”，是物质名词，是不可数的。)具体列表如下：名词可数不可数名词可数不可数paper报纸，试卷，论文纸张chicken小鸡鸡肉weight砝码，秤砣体重fish鱼鱼肉orange橘子橙色，橙汁exercise练习锻炼room房间空间experience经历经验5.不可数名词的量不可数名词要表示“一件”“一个”等量的概念时，要用“数词+表示量的名词+of+不可数名词”来表示。如：a

piece

of

paper一张纸 two

pieces

of

paper

两张纸

a

cup

of

tea

一杯茶

five

cups

of

tea

五杯茶

a

bottle

of

juice

一瓶果汁

four

bottles

of

juice

四瓶果汁

(

)1.Thethree_______upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough_______foradoublebed.

A.room；room

B.room；rooms

C.rooms；room2.(2022广东，短文填空)Atthattime,peoplemadeteainasimpleway.Theyjustputfreshtealeavesintohot71.

.

water

C一、语法选择基础练(单项填空)(

)1.(2023·湖南岳阳)Yueyangisoneofthetop10mostbeautiful_______inChinathisyear.

A.city B.cities C.citys(

)2.Withtheintroductionofthe“doublereduction”policy(双减政策)，oneofthe______________thatthestudentshavelesshomework.

A.changes；is

B.change；is

C.changes；areAB(

)3.All_______receivedfreshflowersonWomen’sDay.

A.womanteacher

B.womanteachers

C.womenteachers(

)4.—CanIhelpyou？—Pleasegiveme_______aboutthetrainstoDaqing.

A.afewinformations B.alittleinformations C.alittleinformationCC二、小语篇特训(语法选择)Chinesepeopleindifferentareascelebratedthe

5

inanumberofdifferent

6

.Aflag-raisingceremonywasheldinHongKongandMacao.AdragonboatracewasheldinGuangxi.AlightshowwasheldinQingdaoandShanghai.AllChinesepeoplecelebratedtheNationalDaytoexpresstheir

7

forthemotherland.

(

)5.A.nationalDay B.nationalday C.NationalDay(

)6.A.way B.ways C.way’s(

)7.A.love B.lovely C.lovingABCDoyouknowWorldLetterWritingDay？Itfalls8.

September1steveryyear.ItwassetupbyRichardSimpkinin2014.Heencouragedpeopletotakeabreakfromtoday’ssocialmedia(媒体)andwritealettertosomeoneby9.

.

hand

三、短文填空(广东新题型)(2023·湖南长沙中考改编)请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。on

hand

you

on

be

way

enjoy

letter

and

general

make

or

inWhoshouldyouwriteto？Thinkaboutafriendorrelativethatlivesfaraway.Aparentorbestfriendwouldalsolovetoreceive10.

_letter.

Howdoyouwritealetter？11.

speaking，aletterincludestheseparts.Thedateandagreeting(问候语)suchas“Dear…”should12.

atthetopoftheletter.Aclosingsuchas“Love”or“Yourstruly”needstofollowthebody.Enditbysigningit.

be

Generally

yourWhyshouldyoupickupapenandwritealetter？Itisasurprisethatmaymakesomeone’sday.It’sagood13.

toshowpeoplethatyouhavebeenthinkingofthem.Everyonelovesapersonaltouch.Itmakes14.

memories(回忆).Somepeoplesave15.

andlookatthemovertheyears.

Arecentstudyshowsthatletterwriting16.

thewriterhappy，

too.“HandwritingisyourDNA.It’syourfingerprintthatonlyyoucansharewithothers，”saidRichardSimpkin.

So，getsomepaper17.

pickupapen.Startwritingalettertoday!

and

makes

letters

enjoyable

way

名词所有格(2022语法选择考)用法例子1.名词所有格形式的构成(1)单数名词后加’s，其读音与名词复数结尾的读音相同the

girl’s

father女孩的父亲(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加’two

hours’

walk两个小时的步行(3)不以s结尾的复数名词后加’sWomen’s

Day妇女节2.表示有生命名词的所有格，单数形式是加’s，复数形式加’(s)students’

rooms学生的房间his

father’s

shoes他父亲的鞋3.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格用’s或s’one

hour’s

walk一小时的步行ten

miles’

journey十英里的旅程two

pounds’

weight两磅的重量4.无生命名词的所有格则用of结构a

map

of

China一张中国地图the

end

of

this

term这学期末5.表示共同所有的名词，只需在最后一个名词后加’sTom

and

Mike’s

room汤姆和迈克共有的一个房间6.表示分别所有的名词，需在每个名词后都加’sMary’s

and

Jenny’s

bikes玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车7.双重所有格a

friend

of

my

mother’s我妈妈的一个朋友a

picture

of

Tom’s汤姆的一张图片8.表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等时，名词所有格后的名词可以省略at

my

uncle’s在我叔叔的家里at

the

doctor’s在医生的诊所里9.可用’s或of短语表示的名词所有格the

boy’s

name=the

name

of

the

boy男孩的名字the

dog’s

legs=the

legs

of

the

dog狗的腿China’s

population=the

population

of

China中国的人口China’s

capital=the

capital

of

China中国的首都巧学妙记名词所有格，某物是“谁的”。构成有方法，多数把’s加。复数词尾有s，只加“’”即可。名词无生命，常把of用。时间、地点和距离，所有格多用’s或s’。(

)1.(2022广东，语法选择)Atprimaryschool,shewashermusic

33

favoritestudent.

A.teacher

B.teachers

C.teacher’s(

)2.Katherinewasexcitedtoreceiveadozenofrosesfromherhusbandon_______Day.

A.Woman B.Woman’s

C.Women’sCC

名词辨析1.cloth，

clothes，

clothing，

dress辨析(1)cloth作不可数名词，指“布，布料”；作可数名词，指“(一块)布，抹布，桌布”。(2)clothes指具体的衣服，包括内衣、外衣，不能与数词连用。(3)clothing是服装的总称，不仅包括内衣、外衣，还包括帽子、鞋袜、手套之类，无复数。(4)dress作不可数名词时，指外衣，尤指社交场合穿的服装。作可数名词时，常指连衣裙。练习①adish_______ ②Iwanttobuysports_______.

③Nowpeopleareallintheirwinter_______. ④Sheworeablue_______lastnight.

cloth

clothes

clothing

dress

2.dinner，

meal辨析(1)dinner是指“正餐(午饭或晚饭)”或“宴会”。(2)meal是指“一餐(一顿饭)”。练习①Let’sgoandhave_______together.

②Whattimedoyouusuallyhaveyour_______？

dinner

meals

3.sound，

voice，

noise辨析(1)sound“声音”，指耳朵能听到的各种声音，多作可数名词。(2)voice“声音”，主要指人的声音。(3)noise指“噪音”，可以作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，词组有makeanoise等。练习①Iheardthe_______ofthegunfire!

②Theteachersaidinaloud_______，“Pleasekeepsilent!”

③Buteverynightheheardthe_______upstairs.

sound

voicenoise

4.job，

work

辨析“工作，劳动”，但job是可数名词，work是不可数名词。练习①Shegota_______ofwashingclothes.

②Ittakesalotof_______tobuildabuilding.

job

work

5.person，

people，

man辨析这三个词有共同之处，都有“人”的意思，但也有不同之处。(1)person指“人(男人或女人)”，有单数形式，也有复数形式。(2)people是复数形式，指“人民；人们”，不能指一个人。(3)man专指“男人”，也指“人类，(特定历史时期的)人”(不用复数形式，不加冠词)。练习①Two_____________________arewaitingforyou.

②Helivedforthe_______anddiedforthepeople.

③Thedamagecausedby_______totheenvironmentismoreandmoreserious.

persons/men/people

people

man

6.problem，

question辨析“问题”，都是可数名词，但它们所含的意思并不相同。(1)question一般是指等待回答的“问题；提问”。(2)problem一般是指等待解决(solve)或决定(decide)的“问题；难题”。练习①MayIasksome_______？

②That’sno_______.Icanlendyousomemoney.

questions

problem

7.floor，

ground辨析两者都有“地面、地上”的含义。其区别：floor一般指室内的地上、地板、地面。而ground常指室外的地面，也可泛指地球表面。练习①Hewassittingonthe_______whenIcamein.

②The_______iswetnow.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.

floor

ground

8.road，

way，

street辨析(1)road“公路；马路”，指两侧之间可以通行人或车辆的大道。“在马路上”一般用ontheroad。“穿过马路”用crosstheroad(或goacrosstheroad)。(2)way“路线；路途；方法”，统指从一地到另一地的路途。常用固定词组有inthisway(用这种方式)，onthewayto(在去……的路上)，getinthewayof(挡道)等。(3)street“街道”，其两边有建筑物。“在街上”一般用inthestreet。“穿过街道，走到街道的另一头”一般用gothroughthestreet。练习①Excuseme,canyoutellmethe_______tothepostoffice？

②Whenhewenthome,hesawanoldwomanlyinginthe_______.

③The_______inthisvillageiswiderthanbefore.

way

street

road

9.family，

home辨析(1)family“家；家庭”，也可指全体家庭成员。(2)home“家”，带有眷恋等感情色彩。练习①Tomhasabig_______.Therearesixpeopleinhis_______.

②ShehasbeeninShenzhenfor10years.Shenzhenhasbecomehersecond_______.

familyfamily

home

10.idea，

advice，

suggestion辨析(1)idea“主意”，是可数名词，如：agoodidea一个好主意。(2)advice“建议，忠告”，是不可数名词，如：apieceofadvice一个忠告；一条建议。(3)suggestion“建议”，是可数名词，如：twosuggestions两条建议。练习①Canyougivemesome_____________________onhowtolearnEnglishwell？

②Hehasgotagood_______todealwithhisoldbooks.

③Mr.Gaoissokindtogiveusseveral____________.

advice/suggestions

idea

suggestions一、语法选择基础练(单项填空)(

)1.(2023·湖南郴州)Myparentstookmetotheamusementparkon_______Day.Thereweresomanyexcitingthingstodothere.

A.Children’s B.Children C.Child’s(

)2.(2022·黑龙江绥化)_______fatherisapilot.Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundtheworld.

A.TonyandPeter’s

B.Tony’sandPeter

C.Tony’sandPeter’sAA(

)3.Thepinkhairbandmustbelongto_______.

A.Linda’s B.Linda C.hers(

)4.ThemovienamedA

Little

Red

Flowershows_______lovefortheirchildren.

A.parents B.parent’s C.parents’(

)5.—Peter，howfarisitfromyourhometoschool？—It’sonlyfive_______walk.

A.minute B.minutes C.minutes’CCB二、完形填空基础练(单项填空)(

)6.(2023·湖北武汉)—Peterwaspickedouttobeontheschoolvolleyballteam.—Hisheightgiveshimabig_______.

A.situation B.challenge C.achievement D.advantage(

)7.(2023·山东青岛)Beforeflyingaplane，a_______musttakealotoftraining.

A.policeman B.musician C.nurse D.pilotDD(

)8.(2023·甘肃白银)Put_______firstandbecarefulwhileridingontheroad!

A.interest B.money C.knowledge D.safety(

)9.(2023·天津)Peopleallovertheworldlovepandas，andthepandahasbecomea_______ofChina.

A.festival B.poem C.guest D.symbol(

)10.(2023·安徽)Theproper_______ofyoursparetimewillmakeyourlifecolorful.

A.date B.use C.name D.causeBDD三、小语篇特训(完形填空)InParisduringthesummerof1840，ImetastrangeandinterestingyoungmannamedAugustDupin.Dupinwasthelastmemberofafamilywhichoncehadgreat

11

.Buthehimselfwasfarfromrich.

(

)11.A.weight

B.wealth

C.health

D.victoryBWefirstmetinanoldbookshop.Afewmoremeetingsbyaccidentatsuch

12

followed.Soon，webegantotalk.Iwassurprisedathowwidelyhehadread.Heseemedtohaveagreat

13

abouteverything.Ifeltthatthe

14

ofsuchamanwouldbe,forme,richeswithoutprice.

IsoonnoticedthatDupinhadanamazingwayofunderstandingpeople.Usingitgavehimgreat

15

.Hetoldmeonce,withasoftlaugh，thathecouldseethroughthewindowswhatmostmenhadovertheirhearts.(

)12.A.books

B.roads

C.shops

D.homes(

)13.A.feelings

B.thought

C.knowledge

D.opinions(

)14.A.work

B.money

C.service

D.friendship(

)15.A.luck

B.trouble

C.pleasure

D.praiseDCCC(

)16.A.a

B.an

C.the(

)17.A.held

B.isheld

C.washeldC四、

语法选择QinYuqingis

16

memberofthenationalfreestylerollerskatingteam.Recently，theNationalFreestyleRollerSkatingChampionship

17

inLishui，Zhejiang.ShewontheAdultWomen’sFreestyleRollerSkatingStyleRound.

A(

)18.A.year

B.years

C.year’s(

)19.A.they

B.she

C.he(

)20.A.in

B.on

C.withBABornintheyear2004，Qinhasalreadywonalotofcompetitions.Qinbeganherrollerskatingjourneywhenshewasjust6

18

old.Herparentssupportedherverymuch.After

19

knewQin’sloveforrollerskating，theyhelpedhersignupforthesport.Fromthatmomenton，shespentmostofhertime

20

dailypractice.

B(

)21.A.because

B.when

C.sothat(

)22.A.falls

B.isfalling

C.fell(

)23.A.and

B.or

C.butACQinfoundherselftrainingmostlyatnight

21

shehadtostudyatschoolduringtheday.Shefacedchallenges，includingaseriousfall.Thatleftherwithascar(伤疤).Butsheregardeditasasymbolofherpersonalgrowth.Whatwasmore，sheonce

22

inthemiddleofacompetition.Thoughshefeltembarrassed(尴尬的)，quicklythatfeelingwentaway

23

shestoodupagain.

A(

)24.A.manyandmore

B.moreandmany

C.moreandmore(

)25.A.be

B.tobe

C.beingBQinwantedtoshowwonderfultraditionalChinesecultureto

24

people.TomakesurethatthebeautyofChineseculturewasperfectlyshowninrollerskatingcompetitions，Qinhasspentalotoftimeandenergy.EachofherclothesforcompetitionsiswelldesignedandshowsChineseculturetoothers.“Iwant

25

morethanjustarollerskater；Ihopetobeanambassador(大使)ofChineseculture.”

C名词解题技巧在广东近三年的中考语法选择中，名词共考查了2次，在选项中综合了可数名词的单复数形式、单数的名词所有格和复数的名词所有格。1.名词单复数作主语和宾语；判断名词单数或复数。(2021广东)Peoplecouldenjoythescenery(风景)andwatch

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there.

A.bird

B.birds

C.bird’s

D.birds’(空格作watch的宾语，用名词；bird是可数名词，且空格前没有冠词或表示1的数词，所以此处用名词复数。故选B。)2.名词所有格作定语修饰后面的名词。(2022广东)Atschool，shewashermusic

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favoritestudent.

A.teacher

B.teachers

C.teacher’s(根据后面favorite

student判断此处需要名词(单数)所有格作定语，选C。)近三年广东中考完形填空都有2~3个空考查名词。两种考法：1.上下文词汇复现；2.上下文语境推断法。1.词汇复现法(