2024年中考英语复习：被动语态语法精讲及练习

2024年中考英语复习：被动语态语法精讲及练习

英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice）和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice）o

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：

ManypeoplespeakEnglish.（主动语态）

Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被动语态）

基本形式：be+ved（及物动词的过去分词）

被动语态的用法：

1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需

强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

Thisjacketismadeofcotton.

Englishisspokeninmanycountriesintheworld.

2）强调动作的承受者时。Theboywassavedatlast.这个男孩最后得救了。

一、主动语态变被动语态的步骤：

主动句：Theboybrokethewindowyesterday.

被动句：Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboyyesterday.

步骤一：原句中的宾语thewindow变成主语。

步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：wasbroken

步骤三：原句中的主语Theboy放在介词by的后面。

步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。

口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词be+V.pp

二、主动语态变被动语态的时态的变化：

各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表

时态主动语态被动语态be+V.pp

1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词

2一般过去时Didwas/were+过去分词

3含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词

4一般将来时will/begoingto+动词原形will/begoingto+be+过去分词

5过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+过去分词

6现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are+being+it去分词

7过去进行时was/were+现在分词Was/were+being+过去分词

8现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词

9过去完成时had+过去分词hadbeen+过去分词

注：中考一般只考一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时以及情态动词的被

动语态，其余只作拓展学习。

三、被动语态的考点：

1.含有双宾语(人/物)的主动句变被动句时：

A.可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,teach,tell,show

等。

1.Hegavemethebookjustnow.

Thebookwasgiventome(byhim)justnow.

=Iwasgiventhebook(byhim)justnow.

2.Theyshowtheguardtheirpassportsattheentrancetothebuilding.

Thepassportswereshowntotheguardbythemattheentrancetothebuilding.

=Theguardwasshownthepassportsbythemattheentrancetothebuilding.

B.通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有：bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,

write等o

1.Hewroteheraletter.Aletterwaswrittentoher.

Mymothermademeaskirt.Askirtwasmade(fbrme)bymymother.

口诀：A+be+V.pp+物；物+be+V.pp+to+人

2.使役动词make,have,let;感官动词see,watch,hear,feel以及help等在主动语态中

省去to,但改成被动语态后都要加上to,不能省略。

但如果主动语态是see/watch/hearsb.doingsth的结构，改成变动语态后则V-ing前不能加to.

eg.beseendoingsth.

使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表

主动语态被动语态

使makesbdosthsbbemadetodosth

役havesbdosthsbbehadtodosth

动

letsbdosthsbbelettodosth

词

seesbdosthsbbeseentodosth

感watchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosth

观hearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosth

动noticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosth

词findsbdosthsbbefoundtodosth

feelsbdosthsbbefelttodosth

3.一些只有主动语态，没有被动语态的动词：

happen=takeplace（发生）,belongto（属于），sellwell（卖得好），writewell（写得好），sleep

（睡觉），run,exist,have（拥有），seem（看来好像）等。

4.当谓语动词为短语时，不能丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词，如handin,takecareof等。

四、初中常见的主动表被动的几种情况：

1.weigh,measure,cost,last,breakout,takeplace,happen表示“称重"测量"花费''、

“持续”、“发生”等动词为状态动词或不及物动词，虽然汉语有被动含义，但英语要用主动形

式表被动之意。

eg.Themeetinglastedtwohours.会议持续了两小时。

Whathappenedtohimlastnight?他昨晚怎么了？

2.feel,look,sound,smell,taste等连系动词，用主动形式表被动意义。

eg.Thebamboochairfeelscool.这竹椅摸起来很凉快。

Histheorysoundedreasonable.他的理论听起来有些道理。

3.表示“需要”的need,want,require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟动词-ing

的主动形式表达被动意义。

eg.Theoldhousewantsrepairing/toberepaired.那座旧房子需要修了。

Thisdictionaryiswellworthbuying.这本字典很值得买。

4.不定式作定语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间宾或说话人时，不定式用主动形式表达被

动意义。eg.Shehasandoldgrandfathertolookafter.她有一位年迈的爷爷需要照

综合练习

一、单项选择

()1.—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?

一Yes.Ourclassroom___everyday.

A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning

()2.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology___intheschoolhallnextweek.

A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.give

()3.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeen

published

()4.—DidyougotoJack'sbirthdayparty?—No,I.

A.amnotinvitedB.wasn'tinvitedC.haven'tinvitedD.didn'tinvite

()5.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?

—Whenyourhomework__,youcan.

A.isdoneB.wasdoneC.doesD.did

()6.Twenty-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.

A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.

()7.Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat.

A.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.happenedD.washappened.

()8.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought___in1999.

A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.

()9.Treesandflowerseveryyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.

A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.

()10.China,ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiangGoodWillAmbassadors(亲善大

使)forShanghai.

A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed.

()11.Theearthisourhome.ltwell.

A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotectC.needprotectD.shouldprotected.

()12.Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade___whattheyarenot___.

A.todo;interestedinB.todo;interestedC.do;interestedD.do;interested.

()13.___anewlibraryinyourschoollastyear?

A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.

()14.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.

A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.

()15.CottoninthesoutheastofChina.

A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.

()16.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.

A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.

()17.Howmanytreesthisyear?

A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.

()18.Alotofthings___bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.

()19.NeitheroftheminChina

A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made.

()20.Look!Anicepictureforourteacher.

A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws.

()21.Yourshoes.Youneedanewpair.

A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn.

()22.Thedoctorforyet.

A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent.

()23—When___thiskindofcomputer___?—Lastyear.

A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used

()24.TheGreatWallaboutallovertheworld.

A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.

()25.1insummer.

A.bornB.wasbomC.havebeenbornD.ambom.

()26.HesaysthatMrZhangtothefactorynextweek.

A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent.

()27.Who_thisbook_?

A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.do;writtenD.was;written

()28.Mary___showmehernewdictionary.

A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto

()29.AstorybyGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus

()30.Themonkeywasseenoutofthetree.

A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump

()31.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

()32.EnglishinCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

()33.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung

()34.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

()35.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

()36.Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

()37.--I'dliketobuythatcoat.―I'msorry.___.

A.itsoldB.ifssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

()38.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

()39.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

()40.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

()41.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.

A.speak,toB.spokenC.speakD.spokento

()42.Oldpeoplemust___.

A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell

()43.Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.

A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare

()44.Thesewalls___stones.

A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto

()45.Thecoathersister.

A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto

()46.1___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.

A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven

()47.Theteachermadehim___hishomework

A.todoB.doC.didD.done

()48.Theboy__streetswithoutpayintheolddays.

A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean

()49.Thesechildren__dance.

A.wereseentoB.wereseenfbrC.wereseenD.sawto

()50.Thebike___500yuan.

A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted

()51.Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.

A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace

()52.Ybucan'tusethecomputer,it.

A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown

()53.Whattime___thedoor___everyday?

A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close

()54.Theapple__verysweet.

A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting

()55.--WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?----Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.

A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing

()56.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed__.

A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned

二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面)

1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge(build)intwomonths.

2.Wheretohavethemeeting(discuss)now.

3.Whichlanguagethemostwidely(speak.)intheworld?

4.Thelostboy(notfind)sofar.

5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees(cut)down.

6.Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.

7.Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothehospital.

8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits(sell)inthisshop.

9.Whatknives(make)of?

They(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.

10.Canthemagazine(take)outofthelibrary?

11.Theroom(clean)bymeeveryday.

12.Thestarscan't(see)inthedaytime.

13.Someflowers(water)byLiMingalready.

14.Thiskindofshoes(sell)well.

15.Howlongyouruncle(be)inthecity?

16.Thefood(smell)delicious.

17.Look!Someone(dance).

18.Apples(grow)onthisfarm.

19.Russian(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.

2O.Thecinemas(build)in1985.

三.将下列句子变为被动语态：

1TheyplayfootballonSunday.______________________________________________________

2Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening._____________________________________________

3Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.__________________________________________________

4,Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.

5.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoplayintheplaygroundwithoutateacher.

6.Thisfarmergrewbeautifulflowerslastyear.

7.Johnansweredallthequestions.___________________________________________________

8.Tombrokethewindow.__________________________________________________________

9.Myfatherboughtmeabike._______________________________________________________

lO.Mymotheradvisedmetofinishmyhomeworkfirst.

1l.WemightputoffthesportsmeetinguntilnextTuesday.

12.Weshouldn'tlaughatthedisabledpeople.__________________________________________

13.Hisparentsshouldallowhim