名词性从句讲义-高考英语一轮复习

名词性从句(知识讲解+高考必考题型练习)基础知识定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句，如：Iknowwhatyouneed.Theproblemiswhowillhelpyou.名词性从句的分类英语中名词性从句主要有：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。如：Whomwewillchoosehasn'tbeendecided.Hewantstoknowhowhecandealwiththeproblem.Thisiswherehewasborn.Hemadeadecisionthathewoulddonatehismoneytothepoor.注意事项1.掌握名词性从句的关键是理解、掌握名词性从句的引导词含义和在从句中的成分：先找到主句的主干（即主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾+宾补、主谓双宾），然后在根据引导词找到从句，弄清是哪种从句。2.从句的语序是陈述语序，不是疑问语序。如：Idon'tcarewhoyouare.Whatthisisdoesn'tmatter.3.引导名词性从句的引导词除了that引导宾语从句时可以省略，其余的都不能省略。4.这四种名词性从句中都可以用到虚拟语气。名词性从句四种类别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(一)主语从句:1、定义:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的句子。如:Whetheryou'llwinthegameornotdoesn'tmatterWhoeverwillattendthemeetingmustsignyournamehere.2、主语从句的引导词:①从属连词:that，whether;如:Thatheisastudentistrue.②连接代词:who，what，which;whoever，whatever;如:Whateverhewantsisneededbyhisparents.Whichisbetterisclear.Whatweshoulddonextisstillunknown.③连接副词:when，where，how和why。如:Howweshouldfacethehardsituationisaproblem.Thatheisascientistisafact.【注意】在主语从句中只能用whether，不能用if(2)形式主语:一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式主语，把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有:①Itis+形容词+that...Thathewillwinthematchiscertain.=Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch②Itis+名词词组(nowonder，anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,asurprise,afact,etc.)+that...It’safactthatwecan’tgo.Englishiseasytolearn③Itis+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,believed,etc.)+that...Ithasbeensuggestedthatmuchshouldbedonetostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。④Itappears/seemsthat.../Ithappensthat.../Itoccurredtomethat.../Itturnedoutthat...Itturnedoutthatnobodyrememberedtheaddress.结果发现没人记得这地址。⑤Itdoesn’tmatterthat.../Itmakesnodifferencethat...Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewilleornot.她是否来这无关紧要。(二)表语从句:1、定义:放在连系动词be，look，seem，sound，appear后充当复合句中的表语。如:Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。2、表语从句的引导词:①从属连词whether，asif/though，because，why，that。如:·ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。·Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与十年前一样。That'sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme那是因为他没有理解我。(That'sbecause.….强调原因)That'swhyhegotangrywithme.那正是他对我生气的原因。(That'swhy..强调结果)Itsoundsasifsomebodyisknockingatthedoor.②连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever,whatever,whichever.如:Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher·Thatwaswhatshedidthismorning.③连接副词where，when，how，why。如:·Theproblemishowhedidit.问题是他是如何做此事的。ThisplaceiswhereImetherforthefirsttime.·Thisiswhenhewasborn·ItiswhyIrefusedhisgift.【注意】(1)在表语从句中只能用whether，不能用if;(2)当连接副词when/where/why/how引导表语从句时，可以表示“……的时候;……的地点;……的原因;……的方法”;如:Thatiswhyhelearns.Thisishowtheystudymaths.在含有表语从句的复合句中，当主句的主语是reason的时候，后面的表语从句要用that来引导，不能用why来引导。(三)宾语从句:1、定义:宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。IknowthatheisaChinese.Theyaretalkingaboutwhattheylike.2、宾语从句的引导词:①从属连词:that，whether，if;如:Ithink(that)youshouldturntotheteacherforhelpIdon’tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears②连接代词:what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导，如:Sheaskedmewhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass.I'lljustsaywhateveresintomymind.③连接副词:when，where，why，how等引导。如:·DoyouknowwhentheancientOlympicGamesbegan?I’vebeenthinkingabouthowwecanmakethenewspapermoreinteresting3、宾语从句的时态:①当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时的时候，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如:Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.(从句是一般现在时)Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)Shewillsay(that)shewenttoMountEmeiinthepast.(从句是一般过去时)②当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态;但是此时如果从句表示的是客观真理或者普遍存在的现象时，宾语从句要用一般现在时。如:Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.(从句是一般过去时)Hesaidthathewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.(从句是过去将来时)Theteachertoldthekidsthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.(从句是一般现在时)【注意】(1)whether和if引导名词性从句的区别:①whether可以引导4种名词性从句;if只能引导名词性从句中的宾语从句;②whether引导的宾语从句可以作介词的宾语，而if则不能。如:Theyaretalkingaboutwhethershewillwinthegame.③whether后面可以跟不定式，if则不能。如:Idon'tknowwhethertovisithimatthismoment④在whether..ornot结构中，不能用if。如:Idon'tknowwhetherhewillstayhereornotnexttime.(2)当doubt后面引导宾语从句时，如果主句是否定句时，doubt后面的宾语从句要用that引导;如果主句是肯定句时，doubt后面的宾语从句要用whether或if来引导。如:Idoubtwhetherhecanhelpme.Theydon'tdoubtthathecansucceed.(3)引导宾语从句的引导词that一般情况下可以省略，但是当有两个或者两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个宾语从句的引导词that可以省略。如:Ibelieve(that)youcanstudyhardandthatyoucanmakeprogressinyourstudyinSeniormiddleschool(4)当that引导宾语从句，而且后面又有宾语补足语时，要用it做形式宾语，而把that引导的宾语从句放到后面。常这样用的动词有feel/think/make/conside1等。如:IfeeliteasythatastudentmastertheEnglishlanguage.Schoolsmakeitarulethatstudentsshouldgotoschoolontime.(5)当动词think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine后面的宾语从句如果是否定句的时候，要把宾语从句中的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:Idon'tthinkIknowyou.Wedon'tbelievehewille.(6)当主句的谓语动词是think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine，而且主句的主语是的一人称的单复数时，变成反意疑问句的时候，反意疑问句部分的主谓要与从句的主谓一致。如:IthinkheisfromRussia,isn'the?Wedon'tbelieveshecansucceed,canshe?(7)当主句的谓语动词是think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine等词时，对宾语从句的某个成分进行提问时，要把特殊疑问词提到主句前。如:Whodoyouthinkyouare?·Wheredoyousupposeheisfrom?(四)同位语从句1、定义:在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句即解释说明前面某个抽象名词内容的从句。常跟同位语从句的抽象名词有fact，news，idea,truth,hope,problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question，doubt等。如:IcameupwithanideathatIwouldvisitmyformerteacher.Hehasthedoubtwhetherhecansucceed.2、同位语从句的引导词:①从属连词:that，whether;如:Heputforwardthequestionwhethertheyshouldstartatonce·Iknowthefactthatheisadoctor②连接代词:what，who，whose，what，which等引导。如:Ihavenoideawhosebookitis.ThatisaproblemwhichskirtIshouldbuy.③连接副词:when，where，why，how等引导。如:Ihaveaquestionwhyhedidn'tehereyesterday.·Theyhadnoideawheretheywouldwork.3、同位语从句的几种特殊情况:①当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。Wordcamethatourteamhadwonthegame.有消息传来，我们队获胜了。②表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order，demand，suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可省略。如:Thesuggestionthateveryone(should)makeeffortstobeautifyourcampusisnecessary.每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。*同位语从句和定语从句的区别ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.(同位语从句，that不可省略)Thenews(that)hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.(定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略)基础过关检测单项选择1．Younowknow________anunarmedmancandoagainstamanwithagun.A．how B．what C．why D．which2．Wepromisethat________attendsthepartywillhaveachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever3．Asanewertothecity,Ihavegreatinterestindiscovering________thecityislikeandhavevisitedsomeofthepopularplacesrecently.A．how B．what C．when D．where4．WhenIwasalittleboy,thedinnerontheeveofSpringFestivalwas______Ilookedforwardtomost.A．which B．what C．when D．where5．Theexactyear____LuciaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas___theBeijingOlympicGameswasheld.A．which;whereB．when;whenC．which;whenD．when;that6．—Mary,couldyoupleasetellme________?—Ihavenoidea.Shehasbeensadlikethisforawhile.A．whatLindahappenedB．whyLindaunhappyC．whathappenedtoLindaD．whywasLindaunhappy7．Heisconfident______hewillmakegreatprogressifhepaysattentiontohisstudy.A．OfB．AboutC．ThatD．in8．—Couldyoutellme____wecanstartaconversationwithaforeigner?—Talkingaboutweatherisagoodchoice.A．WhereB．WhenC．HowD.why9．________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A．Which B．WhatC．That D．Where10．Astorygoes________ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A．when B．where C．what D．that11．—TheLegoBatmanMovieissopopularthesedays.Doyouknow_________?—Oh,letmesearchforitontheInternet.A．whatkindofmovieisitB．whereisitproducedC．howlongitlastsD．whenwasitproduced12．—Canyoutellmewhen________?—Abouttwoweeksago.A．doeshebuythecar B．didhebuythecarC．heboughtthecar D．hebuysthecar13．―Linda,couldyoutellme________Paris?―Sure.LastSaturday.A．whenMr.Johnsonleft B．whenMr.JohnsonwillleaveC．whendidMr.Johnsonleave D．whenwillMr.Johnsonleave14．Theforeigneraskedme________totheTian’anmenSquare.A．howcouldheget B．howhecouldgetC．howcanheget D．howhecan15．_________wasstrange,though,wastheveryfact_________shewaswideawakeand,accordingtoherbedsideclock,itwasonlyaquartertofour.A．It…that B．It…what C．What…that D．What…which16．Atfirst,Facebookinvestorsdidexperience_________analystArvindBhatiacalled“stickershock”afterlearningthatFacebookplannedtopay$19billionforWhatsApp,apanythathaddeclaredithadnoplanstomakemoneyanytimesoon.A．what B．that C．which D．as17．Thereasonwhyhefailedis_________hewastoocareless.A．because B．that C．for D．becauseof18．Isthis______wemetthemlastnight?A．where B．place C．placeinwhich D．placewhich19．Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwas_____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A．why B．what C．which D．how20．Manyoftheprocrastinators(拖延症患者)oftencaretoomuchabouttheresultof________theyaredoingandinsistonitbeingperfect.A．however B．nomatterwhat C．whichever D．whatever考点一：主语从句&宾语从句&表语从句&同位语从句的基本用法1.Sheaskedme_______Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.A.

when

B.

where

C.

whether

D.

what2.______thepathofacountyistherightoneisamattertobedecidedbyitspeople.A.That

B.What

C.Whether

D.Why3.Everyoneonthisplanetisdifferent,andthat's______

makesitsuchabeautifulplace.A.When

B.how

C.what

D.why4.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief______youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where考点二：名词性从句连接词的区别1.Itisreportedthatanewschoolhasbeenbuiltin___wasadesertedvillageafewdecadesago.A.

which

B.

what

C.

that

D.

where

2.Hesaidnothingexcept________hewilletoherbirthdayparty.A.

that

B.

what

C.

whether

D.

if3.Youmayhaveoneofthese；inotherwords，youmayhave________youchoose.A.

whichever

B.

wherever

C.

whenever

D.

nomatterwhich4.Iwouldappreciate_________youcouldworkwithustomunicatetotheAmericanpeople________therearenomorefundsavailableforfurtherimprovementofsocialsecurity.A.

itthat,if

B.

that,if

C.

itif,that

D.

if,that高考真题演练1（2022新高考II卷）“Idon'tknow___________tothankhim.”Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak______shecoulddosoremotely.3（2021新课标I卷）_____________issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheoutofthisworldscenes.4（2021年北京卷）Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout________shelived．5（2021年天津卷）WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis________shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.A.whether B.whyC.what D.when6（2021年天津卷）ItseemedthatIhadbee________myparentshadwantedmetobe.A.WhenB.whereC.what D.whether高考必考题型练习阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1