新编大学英语跨文化交际教程 课件 Unit 5-B Chopsticks or Forks

新编大学英语跨文化交际教程Unit5PassageBChopsticksorForks,TasteorNutritionObjectivesToknowthedifferencesofdietinginChinaandthewest.Toknowtherootsbehinddietingculture.ToknowChineserichdietingcultureandtheconceptofharmonyindieting.KeyConceptsharmonygentlessnessandbenevolenceviolenceandcrueltyconquestovernatureaggressivenessandsenseofadventureexquistinessandtastenutritionandbalancerationaldieteticconceptpragmatismLead-in民以食为天。Foodisthefirstnecessityofpeople.舌尖上的中国AbiteofChina/2018/02/15/VIDE4x73eueOfNOCFlISpwnq180215.shtml?spm=C55924871139.PT8hUEEDkoTi.0.0謀生叫糊口，工作叫飯碗；受雇叫混飯吃；混得好叫吃得開，混不好叫吃不開；靠積蓄過日子叫吃老本，吃自己；女人漂亮叫秀色可餐；理解不夠叫囫圇吞棗；廣泛流傳叫膾炙人口；負不起責任叫吃不了兜著走；愛管閒事是吃飽了撐著！受重用叫吃香；老外發現中國文化就是〈吃〉的文化！沒人理會叫吃閉門羹；員警不辦事叫吃案子；佔女人便宜叫吃豆腐；嫉妒叫吃醋；欺人太甚是吃人；不顧他人叫吃獨食；被人佔便宜叫吃虧，有苦難言叫吃啞巴虧；不用擔心叫吃定心丸；識時務者為俊傑叫好馬不吃回頭草，好漢不吃眼前虧。做得辛苦叫吃力；收入太少叫吃不飽；負擔太重叫吃不消；猶豫不決叫吃不準；被控獲罪叫吃官司；遭受痛苦叫吃苦頭，得了好處叫吃甜頭；輪船沒入水中的深度叫吃水線；腦子有問題叫吃錯藥。這老外也太無聊了，簡直就是吃飽了沒事幹！/s/blog_625a7e7e01012bkm.html老外發現中國文化就是〈吃〉的文化！Pre-readingQuestions1.Doyouliketousechopsticksorforksfordinner?2.Whatkindofdifferentfeelingswillitbringyouwhenusingdifferenttoolsfordinner?3.ChinesefoodorWesternfood,whichonedoyouprefer?Why?Pre-readingQuestionsHotpot,therepresentationofChineseFoodCultureDiscussion

DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternandfood.Differences1)utensils2)

staplefood3)

cookingmethods4)eatingetiquettes5)purposesofeating6)conceptsofdietingon-linevideo5-2-1on-linevideo5-2-21.1

ChopsticksTheOrigionofChopsticksItisbelievedthatchopstickshavebeenaroundforabout5,000yearsandthattheywerefirstusedinChina.ThereasonbehindtheirinitialextendeduseinChinaisquiteinteresting.Whenfuelwasscarce,ancientChinesepeoplestartedtocutfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookfasteranduseminimalfuel.Becausethepiecesweresosmall,therewasnoneedforaknifeatthetablesothebite-sizedpiecescouldbepickedupwithchopsticks.Around500A.D.theuseofchopsticksspreadfromChinatotheareasnowknownasJapan,VietnamandKorea./ALegendofChopsticksThereisalegendabouttheoriginofthechopstick.Inagespast,duringthetimeoflegendarysagekings,YaoandShun,floodsoverrunthelandcausingcatastrophes.Dayureceivedorderstopreventfloodsbywatercontrol.Oneday,Dayusetupacauldron（大锅）boilingmeatinside.Meatafterbeingcookedfromboilingwatersusuallymustbecooledbeforepickingupbyhand,butDayudidnotwanttowasteanytime.Hechoppedofftwotwigsfromatreeandusedthemtoclippiecesofmeatfrominsidetheboilingsoup.Seeingthatwiththetwigshewasabletoeatthemeatwithoutburninghishandsandkeptfreeofgrease（油脂）,hismenimitatedhisdoingonebyone.Gradually,therudimentalformofthechopstickwasestablished.ThelegendarystoryofDayuinventingthechopstickswasawaytheancientshonoredthehero.Therealinspirationbehindtheinventionofthechopsticksshouldbethefactthatfullycookedfoodscouldburnhands.(刘军茹,《中国饮食》p.27)Chopstickswereconsideredmorefriendlythanothersharpeatingutensils.TheybegantobeusedaseatingutensilsduringtheHanDynasty.ItwasnotuntiltheMingDynastythatchopstickscameintonormaluseforbothservingandeating.Theythenacquiredthenamekuaiziandthepresentshape.ALegendofChopsticks"Quicktohaveason!"SilverChopsticksItwasacommonbeliefthatsilverchopstickswouldturnblackiftheycameincontactwithpoisonedfood,andthereforewereagreatwaytostayalive.Goodluck.

FunctionsofChopsticksTheyareusedtonip,pick,ripandstirfood;Theyaremoreagile(灵活的).Apartfromthis,they1)reflectgentlenessandbenevolenceofChinesepeople,bringingapeacefulatmosphereforeating.2)reflectcollectivism,bringingharmonybetweenpeople.3)aregoodtoshowhospitalityofthehosttohisguestswhentheyareusedtoservefoodtoothers.4)are

goodtoimproverelationshipbetweenpeople.5)reflecttheunitybetweenmanandnature.

WhyChopsticksConfucianism：“Thehonorableanduprightmankeepswellawayfromboththeslaughterhouseandthekitchen.”

“君子远庖厨”——《孟子•梁惠王章句上》君子之于禽兽也,见其生,不忍见其死;闻其声,不忍食其肉,是以君子远庖厨也。ItisdifficulttofindabetterreplacementforchopstickswhenhavingcertainChinesecuisineandsnacks,suchaswhenenjoyingLambHotpot.1.ChopsticksTaboosofUsingChopsticksItispooretiquettetotapchopsticksontheedgeofone'sbowl;beggarsmakethissortofnoise.Chopsticksshouldnotbeleftverticallystuckintoabowlofricebecauseitresemblestheritualofincense-burning.Holdingchopsticksincorrectlywillreflectbadlyonachild'sparents,whohavetheresponsibilityofteachingtheirchildren.Whenseatedforameal,itisacommoncustomtoallowelderstotakeuptheirchopsticksbeforeanyoneelse.TaboosofUsingChopsticksOneshouldnot"dig"or"search"throughone'sfoodforsomethinginparticular.Restingchopsticksatthetopofthebowlmeans

"I'vefinished".Restingchopsticksonthesideof

one'sbowloronachopstickstandsignifiesone

ismerelytakingabreakfromeating.1.2ForksandKnivesTheFunctionsofForksandKnivescuttingandpokingthelargechunkofmeat;representingtheaggressivenessandthesenseofadventureinWesterntemperaments;reflectinghumanconquestovernature;"dividednessbetweenmanandnature".WhyForksandKnivesThemainfoodinChinaisriceandvegetables.ThemainfoodinWestismeet.InChinesecooking,everythingissliced(切成薄片）anddiced（切成小块）intosmallerpiecesbeforecookingsoChinesepeopledon'tneedforksandknives.Westerncookingserveschunksofmeatorvegetablethathasnotbeendiced,thatiswhymostWesternersuseforksandknives--becausetheyneedto!2.1WhydovegetablesbecomethestaplefoodoftheChinese?

Ithashistoricalandenvironmentalfactors.●

Historically,Chinaisanagriculturalcountry.●

Environmentally,Chinahasalargeamountofpopulationandlackoflandtosupportacattleindustry.Consequently,theavailablelandhasbeenusedtogrowcrops.●

ThecattleinChinawereusedasasourceoflabor.China--anagriculturalcountryLandClimateManpowerTechnologyChinaistheworld'sthirdlargestcountry,afterRussiaandCanada.ThevastlandexpansesofChinaincludesplateaus(高原),plains(平原),basins(盆地),foothills(丘陵),andmountains.temperateclimatelargepopulationhighdevelopedtechnologyCharacteristicsofagriculturalcultureStableLifeLargePopulationCooperation,mutualhelpUnitybetweenmanandnature2.2Whydomeatbecomethemainfoodofthewest?

Ithashistoricalandenvironmentalfactors.●

Historically,thewesternerslivedbyhunting(Theyhadtobegoodathuntingtosurviveonthesevereandharshenvironment.)●

Environmentally,thewesthaslesspopulationbutanabundanceoffertile,flatlandforgrazingcattleandfoodproduction.◆Huntingculture:

hardshipofgrabbingfoodinoldtimes◆

ViolenceandcrueltyMan’sconquestovernature◆

Dividednessbetweenmanandnature;FightingorkillinganimalstosurviveonthesevereandharshenvironmentTemperament:aggressive;adventurousCharacteristicsofhuntingculture3.ChineseFood:exquisitenessandtaste对中国文化产生了深刻影响的孔夫子，却是一个对食物非常挑剔的人。他所主他所主张的“食不厌精，脍不厌细”的饮食观对齐、鲁各地的烹饪习惯和烹饪艺术有着巨大的影响。Confucius,whodeeplyinfluencedChineseculture,wasapersonfastidiousabouthisfoodandadvocated"foodcouldneverbeparticularanddelicateenough".HisdemandsinfluencedgreatlythecookinghabitsintheregionoftheQiandLuStatesandthedevelopmentoftheculinary

[ˈkʌlɪnərɪ]（烹调的）arts.ConfucianismTraditionally,Chinesecuisineisclassifiedintofourschools:1)Shandong

(Lu)Cuisine2)Sichuan

(Chuan)Cuisine:spicyandnumb（麻辣）3)Yangzhou(Shu)Cuisine4)Canton(Yue)Cuisine

(thenorth,south,eastandwest),whicharefurtherdividedintoeightmainregionalcuisines:5)Anhui(Hui)Cuisine6)Zhejiang

(Zhe)Cuisine：杭帮菜7)Hunan(Xiang)Cuisine

8)Fujian(Min)CuisineSichuan(Chuan)Cuisine

Sichuancuisineisdistinctlyspicy.Chilipeppers,huajiao(mildChinesepepper),blackpeppersandfreshgingerareindispensableingredients.

Methodsofcooking

MethodsofcookingWesternmethodsofcookingAmericanshavetheirownwayofcooking．Forexample，baking(烘烤)isthemostpopularwayofcookinginAmerica．MostAmericanfamilieshaveovens(烤炉)．Americancooks(厨师)payattentiontothebalanceoffood．

CooksintheUnitedStatesmeasurebothliquidandsolidingredientsusingmeasuringcup,kitchenscaleandtablespoons.4.WesternFood:nutirtionandbalanceUpongreeting,Westernerswillinquireaboutyourhealth,whiletheChinesewillaskifyouhaveeaten.

吃过了吗？Howareyou?

greetings

SocialfunctionPragmaticfunction5.PurposesofeatingChineseCuisine--anartistryartistry:skillinaparticularartisticactivityChinesecuisine,acreativeartdemandingtheco-presenceofcolor,fragrance/aroma,textureandtaste.1.flavor:

salty,sweet,sour,bitter,hot,etc.blendofingredients,herbsandcondiments（调味品）2.thetextureandcolorofadishAproperdishshouldappealtotheeyeaswellastothepalate（味觉）.Chinesecuisineisanartistry,akindofsensationalconcept.Itistosense,to"taste",whichemphasizestheflavoroffood.Incontrast,Westernfoodisarationalconcept.Regardlessoffoodcolor,aromaandtaste,howtoshape,nutritionmustbeassured(pragmaticconcept).Theypayattentiontotheintakeofcalories,vitamins,proteinandsoon.Americansrelyoncalculatingcaloriesandcholesterolcontentfromfoodtomaintaingoodhealthandashapelyfigure.(scientificmethod)

Arationaldieteticconceptoffood:

"Intheireyes,foodoreatingisjustawaytokeephealthy,havinglittletodowithartistry."Apragmaticviewoffood:

They"taketheintakeoffoodintoconsiderationbasica