Units2-3语法讲义宾语从句提建议的句型牛津译林版九年级英语上册

9AU2&9AU3语法讲义：宾语从句&提建议的句型一、宾语从句的概念在主从复合句中作宾语的句子被称为宾语从句。二、宾语从句的句法功能作动词的宾语e.g.Somepeoplebelieves(that)colourscaninfluenceourmoods.作介词的宾语e.g.Italldependsonwhetheritwillbefinenextweek.作形容词的宾语（系表结构）e.g.Sheissure(that)yellowcanbringhergoodluck.三、宾语从句的引导词★（三要素之一）引导词词义★在宾从中充当哪种句子成分？可省略吗？that可省略★if/whether是否不可省略特殊疑问词what什么主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语who谁(主格)whom谁(宾格)whose谁的which哪一个when什么时候where哪里why为什么howhow...怎样引导宾语从句的that无词义，在宾语从句中不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常常被省略。注意：以下10种情况，宾语从句中的that不可省略（1）当that引导的宾语从句放在句首表强调时，that不可省略。e.g.Thatheisagoodperson,weallknow.（2）当that引导的宾语从句前有插入语时，that不可省略。e.g.Wehope,onthecontrary,thathewillstayathomewithus.（3）当that引导的宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省略。e.g.Iwanttotellyouthatthisproblemisverymon.（4）当that引导的宾语从句被形式宾语it代替时，that不可省略。e.g.Idon’tthinkitpolitethattheyleftwithoutsayingthanks.（5）当that引导的宾语从句前面是in,but,except,besides,save,beyond时，that不可省略。inthat因为；butthat要不是；except/besides/save/beyondthat除了e.g.Themanstoodquitestill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.（6）当复合句中出现两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个宾语从句的that可以省略，其余宾语从句中的that不可省略。e.g.Hesaid(that)thebookwasveryinterestingandthatallthechildrenliketoreadit.（7）当that引导的宾语从句中有其他从句时，that不可省略。e.g.Hetoldusthat,ifwecouldalletohelpout,thewholesituationwouldbegettingbetter.（8）当that引导的宾语从句的主语是this，that或者被this，that修饰时，that不可省略。e.g.Theteachersaidthatthatwordwaswrong.（9）当that引导的宾语从句单独用来回答问题时，that不可省略。e.g.—Whatdidhesayatthemeeting?—Thatthesituationwasserious.（10）当that引导的宾语从句前面是reply(回答),object(反对)等较为正式或不常用的动词时，that不可省略。e.g.Herepliedthathebadlymasteredthelanguage.注意：以下6种情况，引导词用whether不用ifwhether(...)or(not)e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornothehaseback.e.g.Iwonder(想知道)★whetheryouwanttojoinourtriptoHongKongornot.e.g.Whetherwesucceedorfail,wehavetotryourbest.whethertodoe.g.Samhasn’tmadeadecisionwhethertotakeatrainorplanetoLondon.decide/discuss/doubt(怀疑)whethere.g.It’stimeforTorontotodecidewhetheritwantstokeepitsartists.e.g.Weshoulddiscusswhetherweshouldmakeachangeinourplan.e.g.Idoubtwhetherhewillbeabletogiveuphisbadhabits.Afterall,oldhabitsdiehard.介词＋whethere.g.ItdependsonwhetherI’mfreeornot.e.g.I’mworriedaboutwhetherIcanenteragoodhighschoolornot.e.g.Sheisuncertainaboutwhethershecangetajobeventhoughshe’satopstudentinherschool.（5）当宾语从句前置时，用whether不用if。whether...,e.g.Whetheritistrueornot,Ican’ttell.（6）当if的两种含义“是否”/“如果”引起歧义时，用whether不用if。试比较：e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.请让我知道你是否想去。e.g.Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo.如果你想去，请让我知道。注意：当宾语从句为否定句时，用if不用whethere.g.HeaskedifIdidn’tetoschoolyesterday.区分when和if引导的宾语从句和状语从句，试比较：when“什么时候”→宾语从句e.g.Iwonderwhenmymotherwilleback.(主一过从必过，主一现从不限[现完除外]，真理永一现)“当...的时候”→时间状语从句e.g.Iwilltellyouatoncewhenmymotheresback.（主将从现）e.g.Chinesepeopleusuallyshakehandswhentheymeetforthefirsttime.（主一现从一现）e.g.Sheheardhimcryingsadlywhenshewentpasthiswindowyesterday.（主一过从一过）e.g.TheearthquakestartedwhenIwasdoingthedishestheotherday.（主一过从过进）e.g.DanielwaswatchingTVwhentheearthquakestarted.（主过进从一过）★if“是否”→宾语从句e.g.Wedon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.“如果”→条件状语从句e.g.Wewillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.（主将从现）[典型例题]I______________(notnotice)whenhe___________(e).Nowadays,thepubliccaremuchaboutPandaYaya.Wewonderwhenit_______________(return)toChina.LookatUncleLiang’snewcar.Iwonderwhenhe______________(buy)it.SamisquiteinterestedinXuzhou.HewonderswhentheXuzhouMuseum______________(build).Whenhe___________(e)back,I_____________(tell)himthenews.whenI___________(walk)homefromschool,I____________(see)strangelightinthesky,butwhenI___________(point)outtomyfriend,it____________(go)away.Thestudents_______________(play)intheplaygroundwhenit______________(begin)torainheavily.—Doyouknowifthesnow_________________(stop)thisafternoon?—Idon’tknow.Ifit________________(snow)enough,we______________(make)asnowman.()9.—YouwanttoknowifTom_______usinthefashionshowtonight.—Ibelieveifhe_______hishomework,hewilljoinus.joins;finishesB.willjoin;finishesC.joins;willfinishD.willjoin;willfinish()10.—Doyouknowifshe________tovisitus?—Ithinkshewilleifshe________freetomorrow.A.es;isB.wille;isC.es;willbeD.wille;willbe()11.—SimonwantstoknowiftheClass3students___hikingtomorrow.—Yes,butifit_____,they’llvisitthemuseuminstead.go;willrain

B.go;rains

C.willgo;rains

D.willgo;willrain四、宾语从句的语序★（三要素之二）陈述语序：引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他解题技巧：引导词后面出现be动词(am,is,are,was,were)、情态动词(can,could;will,would;shall,should;may,might;must;need)、助动词(do,does,did;have,has,had)直接排除。特殊情况：(1)4个固定句型①What’swrongwith...②What’sthematter/troublewith...③Whathappenedto...④Whichisthewayto...(2)当疑问代词who、what在宾语从句中作主语，该句子本身就是陈述语序，不必进行调整。e.g.Theteacherasked(that)whocananswerthequestion.e.g.Danielasked(that)what’sthematterwithAmy.[典型例题]()1．—Jenny,doyouknow______?—SheisfromCanada.A．whereisthewomaninredfromB．wherethewomaninredisfromC．whatthewomaninredlikesD．wheredoesthewomaninredefrom()2．—Dave,couldyoutellme________?—Yes,heisadentist.Ioncewenttohimtofixmyteeth.A．whereisMr.LeefromB．whereMr.LeeworksC．whatMr.Lee’sjobis D．whatdoesMr.Leedo()3．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—Iwonder________.—MybestfriendJames.A．howcanyouspendtheingsummerholidaysB．howyoucanspendtheingsummerholidaysC．whowillyouspendtheingsummerholidayswithD．whoyouwillspendtheingsummerholidayswith()4．—Whatdidyourteachersaythismorning?—Shetoldus________.A．whywasTomlateforschoolagain B．whenwouldwehaveatestC．howdidsheetoschoolthismorning D．thatwewouldhaveatestsoon()5．—Iheardwe’lltakeatriptotheQinLakeNationalWetlandParkonSaturday.—That’sgreat.ButIwonder____________.whenandwhereshallwemeetB.whatshallwegetreadyforitC.iftherewillbeaheavyrainthatdayD.thatwe’llgotherebybusoronfoot()6．—Doyouremember________?—Sure.OntheeveningofMayDay.A．howwegottotheJiefangBridge B．howdidwegettotheJiefangBridgeC．whentheJiefangBridgeopeneditself D．whendidtheJiefangBridgeopenitself()7．—Iwonder________.—I’mnotsure.Maybeyes.A．ifhasDavegothisdriver’slicenseB．howlonghasDavegothisdriver’slicenseC．ifDavehasgothisdriver’slicenseD．howlongDavehasgothisdriver’slicense()8．Hedidn’tknow________.Sohewenttoseeadentist.A．what’swrongwithhisteeth B．whatisthematterwithhisteethC．whatthetroublewithhisteethwas D．whatwaswrongwithhisteeth()9．—Tonylooksunhappy.Doyouknow________?—Sorry,Idon’tknoweither.Butashisfriend,weshouldgoandcheerhimup.whatishappenedtohimB．what’sthematterwithhimC．whatwrongwithhimisD．whatthetroublewithhimis()10．—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme___?—Sorry.Ihavenoidea,either.A．whatwrongiswithhimB．WhatthematteriswithhimC．whatwasthematterwithhimD．whatisthetroublewithhim()11．—Whatdidyourheadteachersaytoyou?—Heaskedme________.A．whohadn’tturnedinhomeworkonline B．whyIamlateforonlineclassC．ifIhavefinishedmyhomeworkontime D．what’swrongwithmyputer()12．—Hi,Bruce.Here’saletterforyou.—Thanks.Iwonder___________.A．whothatletterwasfromB．whythatletterwasfromC．whomwasthatletterfromD．wherewasthatletterfrom()13．I’llbeawayforafewdays.Iwonder________.A．whocantakecareofmydog B．howcanIgettotheairportC．whatwilltheweatherbelike D．wheredidyougolasttime五、宾语从句的时态★（三要素之三）主一过从必过，主一现从不限，真理永一现e.g.Mr.Smithsaid(that)Jackwasagoodworker.e.g.Ihear(that)Jimwenttoworkanhourago.heisinterestedinEnglish.TomhasbeentoLondontwice.shewilletomorrow.若宾语从句为客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象，则宾语从句的时态为一般现在时e.g.Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.e.g.Theteachertoldus(that)lighttravelsfasterthansound.★注意：Couldyou(please)...中的could不是情态动词can的过去式，而是表达一种委婉的语气，宾语从句并不一定是过去时，要根据句意选择恰当的时态。[典型例题]()1．—Couldyoutellme________?—Goalongthestreet,thenturnleftatthesecondcrossing.whereisthecinemaB．wherethecinemawasC．howIcouldgettothecinemaD．whichisthewaytothecinema()2.—Couldyoupleasetellme______?—Sorry,I’mnotsure.YoucanaskMr.Wu,ourheadteacher.A.ifMusicandArtwillenterourfinalentranceexamB.whywillMusicandArtenterourfinalentranceexamC.whenMusicandArtwouldenterourfinalentranceexamD.whetherwouldMusicandArtenterourfinalentranceexam()3.—I’mnewhere.Couldyoupleasetellme______?—Sure.It’sovertherebehindtheshoppingmall.A.wherethemuseumis B.whenthemuseumopensC.howfaristhemuseum D.howcanIgettothemuseum()4.CouldyoutellmeameetinginGuangzhounextweek?whetheristheregoingtobeB.iftherewasgoingtobeC.whetherthereisgoingtohaveD.ifthereisgoingtobe()5.SHENZHOU14wasliftedoffsuccessfullyonJune5th2022!Couldyoutellme________?A.inwhichcentreitwillbeliftedoffB.whatwillitmeantothedevelopmentofChinaC.whoenteredChinaSpaceStationthistimeD.thatthreeastronautsenteredChinaSpaceStation()6.Alice,couldyoutellme___________?A.whethershehadbeenmarriedB.whathappenedtoyouC.whatwaswrongwithmybikeD.howyoucalltheseanimals()7．—Couldyoutellme________?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A．whathappenedtohim B．whereishefromC．whataretheytalkingaboutD．whatthematteriswithhim()8．Couldyoupleasetellme________.A．whichisthewaytothemuseum B．whichthewayistothemuseumC．whichthewaytothemuseumis D．thewaytothemuseumiswhich六、宾语从句的简化（1）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同时，宾语从句可简化为(特殊疑问词)＋(not)todoe.g.Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.→Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.e.g.Ihope(that)Icanreceiveyouremail.→Ihopetoreceiveyouremail.e.g.Theteachertellsus(that)wecan’tmakeanynoiseinclass.→Theteachertellsusnottomakeanynoiseinclass.（2）当主句的谓语动词后面带双宾语，且间接宾语和宾语从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为特殊疑问词＋todoe.g.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation?（3）宾语从句可简化为名词（短语）e.g.Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.→Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.七、宾语从句的否定前移[典型例题]()1．Infact,Idon’tthinkthefilmisinteresting,__________?A.isn’titB.isitC.doesitD.doesn’tit()2．Idon’tthinkshe’sunderstoodyourquestion,__________?A.hassheB.hasn’tsheC.doID.haveI()3．Idon’tthinkMarycangoshoppingbyherself,__________?A.doyouB.cansheC.don’tyouD.can’tshe八、间接引语我们把引述别人的话语归纳为两种方式，一种是直接引述别人的话语并置于引号之内，称为直接引语；另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语。间接引语一般为宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语，宾语从句的句类、代词、时态、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、和方向性动词要根据逻辑进行合理变化。1、如何变句类直接引语间接引语1陈述句(that)...2一般疑问句/反义疑问句whether/if3选择疑问句whether...or...4特殊疑问句特殊疑问词wh/how...5感叹句What/How＋感叹句(that)...6提建议的句型★①Whynotdosth.?②Whydon’t/doesn’t/didn’tsbdosth.?③Shallwe/Idosth.？④Let’sdosth.,(shallwe)？⑤Letusdosth.,(willyou)？⑥sb.hadbetter(not)dosth.⑦Would/Couldyouplease(not)dosth.?⑧(Perhaps/Maybe)sb.shoulddosth.⑨Would/Doyoumind(sb./one’s)(not)doingsth.?⑩What/Howabout(doing)sth.?⑪Wouldyoulike/love(todo)sth.?beg/advise/order/ask/request/tell/warn...sb.(not)todosth.suggest(sb./one’s)doingsth./suggest(that)...offertodosth.insiston/upon(sb/one’s)(doing)sth.(that)...7祈使句肯定式①Do型②Be型③Let/Let’s型否定式①Don’t(Donot)型②No型（以No开头）③Never型（以Never开头）1e.g.Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”→Shesaid(that)theirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.2e.g.“Canyouhelpme?”sheasks.→Sheasksif/whetherIcanhelpher.2e.g.“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven’tyou?”mymotherasked.→Mymotheraskedmeif/whetherIhadfinishedthehomework.3e.g.Hesaid,“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”→HeaskedmewhetherIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.4e.g.Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.疑问句：say(s)/said要改成ask(s)/asked5e.g.“Whatacleverboyyouare!”myteachersaidtohim.→Myteachertoldhimwhatacleverboyhewas./Myteachertoldhimthathewasaverycleverboy.6e.g.“Whynotgooutforawalk?”heaskedus.→Headvisedustogooutforawalk.6e.g.“Wouldyoumindnotsmokinghere?”heasked.→Heaskedmenottosmokethere.6e.g.Hesaid,“Let’shavearest.”→Hesuggested(us/our)havingarest.//Hesuggested(that)weshouldhavearest.6e.g.ThedoctorsaidtoTom,“Youhadbetterexercisemoretokeephealthy.”→Thedoctorsuggested(that)Tomshouldexercisemoretokeephealthy.6e.g.Themansaid,“Letmehelpyou.”→Themanofferedtohelpme.6e.g.Theysaid,“weshouldbegiveneverydetailofthecase.”→Theyinsistedon/upon(them/their)beinggiveneverydetailofthecase..7e.g.“Bequiet!”MissLisaidtoherstudents.→MissLiaskedherstudentstobequiet.7e.g.“Don’tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetoldthechildrennottomakeanynoise.注意：said可用told来代替。可以说said(that),saidtosb.(that),toldsb.(that)，但不可说told(that)。2、如何变代词一随主，二随宾，三不变。若直接引语(引号内的句子)的代词是第一人称，则间接引语(宾语从句)中的代词随主句主语变化。e.g.Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaid(that)herbrotherwantedtogowithher.若直接引语(引号内的句子)的代词是第二人称，则间接引语(宾语从句)中的代词随主句宾语变化。注意，此时若主句无宾语，则间接引语(宾语从句)中的代词使用第一人称。e.g.HesaidtoAmy,“Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedAmyhowhersisterwasthen.e.g.Mumsaid,“YoucanwatchTVforawhileafterfinishingyourhomework.”→Mumsaid(that)IcanwatchTVforawhileafterfinishingmyhomework.”若直接引语(引号内的句子)的代词是第三人称，则间接引语(宾语从句)的代词保持不变。e.g.Mr.Smithsaid,“Theyarehardworkingstudents.”→Mr.Smithsaid(that)theywerehardworkingstudents.3、如何变时态若引号外的句子为一般过去时，则宾语从句的时态要发生相应变化。即引号内的句子的时态往前推一个，就是宾语从句的时态。直接引语的时态(引号内的句子)间接引语的时态(宾语从句)1过去完成时Theboysaidtohisparents,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”过去完成时Theboytoldhisparents(that)hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.2一般过去时Hesaid,“Mygrandpadiedyesterdaymorning.”过去完成时Hesaid(that)hisgrandpahaddiedthemorningbefore.3现在完成时Hesaid,“Thefilmhasbeenonfor5minutes.”过去完成时Hesaid(that)thefilmhadbeenonfor5minutes.4一般现在时Hesaid,“Thefilmwasboring.”一般过去时Hesaid(that)thefilmisboring.5现在进行时Hesaid,“Iamdoingmyhomework.”过去进行时Hesaid(that)hewasdoinghishomework.6一般将来时Hesaid,“Itisgoingtorainsoon.”过去将来时Hesaid(that)itwasgoingtorainsoon.cancouldmaymight注意：以下7种情况：间接引语的时态不需要变化。直接引语是过去完成时。（例句见上表）（2）主句(引号外的句子)的时态是一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时。e.g.Heoftensays,“Iwillneverforgetthatkindwoman.””→Heoftensays(that)he’llneverforgetthatkindwoman.（3）直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作时间状语。e.g.Hesaid,“Thestorytookplaceinthe1930s.”→Hesaid(that)thestorytookplaceinthe1930s.（4）直接引语中的动作在说话时仍在继续。e.g.Thereportersaid,“ThewarinthemiddleEastisnowstillon.”→Thereportersaid(that)thewarinthemiddleEastisnowstillon.（5）直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理、名言警句。e.g.Theteachersaid,“Theearthisround.”→Theteachersaid(that)theearthisround.e.g.OurEnglishteachersaid,“AllworknoplaymakesJackadullboy.”→OurEnglishteachertoldus(that)allworknoplaymakesJackadullboy.（6）直接引语中有before,after,when,while,since,till,(not)until,assoonas,whenever等引导的时间状语从句时，状语从句的时态不变。e.g.He