大学英语四级第三套真题及答案

TTMSsystemofficeroom【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-TTMSHHJ8】2016年6月大学英语四级真题(第3套)PartIIISectionAReadingComprehensionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Physicalactivitydoesthebodygoodandthere’sgrowingevidencethatithelpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise,whetheratschoolorontheirown,26tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina27of14investigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmoved,thebettertheirgradeswereinschool,29inthebasicsubjectsofmath,Englishandreading.Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto30onsmallerbudgets.Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime.Withstandardizedtestscoresinthe31inrecentyears,someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteadofontheplaygroundButasthesefindingsshow,exerciseandacademicsmaynotbe32exclusive.Physicalactivitycanimproveblood33tothebrain,fuelingmemory,attentionandcreativitywhichare34tolearning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove35andrelievestress,whichcanalsohelplearning.Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhenthey’rerunningaround,theymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.attendancereviewsequentlysurviveingntialytressingbleicularlyowmanceSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassageinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FindingtheRightHome—andContentment,Tooesortoflong-termcarefacility—amomentfewparentsorchildrenroachwithoutfearwhatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmadeclear.kagreatimprovementoveranursinghome,orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterArenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear,oristhatanout-steerfamiliestothebestplacesisgenuinelyhardtoknowysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcareletmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.ButanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhaveittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdofthesestudiespublishedinThejournalassistedliving,nursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomesknowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes).ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofionsabouttheirqualityoflifeemotionalwellbeingandsocialinteraction,aswellasaboutthequalityofthefacilities.thehousingtypes,”saidtheleadauthorofthestudy,JulieRobison,anociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversityAreasonablemptiondontfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan’t?entsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilities,forinstance,andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.rofothervariables,suchdifferencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtypetheyfoundthatcreatesdifferencesinresidents’responses.“Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyareincombinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—howhealthytheyfeeltheyare,theirageandmaritalstatus,”Dr.Robisonexplained.Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant.inpoorhealththerefore,mightbenolessdepressedinassistedhome.Apersonwhohadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehomeotherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace,notthesortofplaceinitself,thatleadstobetterorworsearesidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghome—shewillbemuchbetteroffDr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatters,acombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwithhattheyfindtheresensehavesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving,anceUniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacility’stype,sizeoragewhetherachainownedithowattractivetheighborhoodwashadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness,mentaldecline,hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents’physicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedoncetheywerethere.pressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk,announcingthattheivestarratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedintohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersareAsamatteroffact,consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities,thelowestrated,thanwiththefive-starones.(Moreonthisstudyandthearratingswillappearinasubsequentpostrewesupposedtofindourwayinalandscapethisconfusing—hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane,aersityofNorthCarolinaInawaythatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies.”hefacilitiestalktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies,ddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirdutiesButperhapshavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateommitteesFamiliescanwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy,”Dr.Sloanesaid.Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.dbringourparentshappiness.Theyhavetheirideas,too.Afriendecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplace—itiselegant,insideandout.Butnobodygreetedthedaughterdmotherwhentheyarrivedthoughthevisithadbeenplanned；nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents.Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom,theysataloneatatable.ignoredthereandsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearch,thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision.thananursinghomefortheirparents.investigatecarefacilitiesinvolvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant.otellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome.identfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein.uthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedome41.ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindingasatisfactoryplace.theresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundresidentsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialnkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink.gsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassistedliving.residentssatisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadparticipatedinthedecisiontomovendhowlongtheyhadstayedthereSectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AsArtificialIntelligence(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticatedtherearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtoerscienceprofessorStuartRussellifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.ussellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedsnecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.Forexampleifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldntwantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,”saidRussell.erobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvaluesForexamplemobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumansObviouslythereareculturaldifferencesbutifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn’tthinkthatsthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.ocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachinesifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.obotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromonhumanbehaviorTheyaredangerousonlygrammersarecarelessThebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesfailtodosufficienttestingandtheyvecedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftabooOnesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.otisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowaveithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutdaskfordirectionsfromahumanIfwehumansaren’tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.ThemostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoralandhowtocreateatofethicalrulesButifwecomeupwithananswerrobotscouldbegoodforhumanity.eauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobotsA)Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogrammers.B)Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.CItcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.DIthasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoreisticatedwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceingtotheauthorA)Theyareaggressive.B)Theyareoutgoing.CTheyareignorantD)Theyareill-bred.arnhumanvaluesA)Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.BByfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.PassageTwoCBypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.DByimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings.willawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualA)Keepadistancefrompossibledangers.B)Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.CTriggeritsbuiltinalarmsystematonce.D)DosufficienttestingbeforetakingactiondowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaogrammablecodeA)Determinewhatismoralandethical.B)DesignsomecaleexperimentsC)Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.D)Developamoresophisticatedprogram.Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothersYouknowthestandardexplanationskeepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexerciseetcButwhateffectdoesyourpersonalitiesleadtolongerlivesudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietydatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsofchildrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast0.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic(神经质的)thanotherpeopleLonglivingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheorythosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.erothercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.ThosewhoweremorelinedforinstancewerenomorelikelytolivetobeveryoldAlsobeingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglifewhichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunatelyanotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmotherspersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe’readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisn’tdestiny(命运),andeveryoneknowsthatdividualscanlearntochangeButbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisntjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.51.TheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanAtoseewhetherpeople’spersonalityaffectstheirlifeBtofindoutifone’slifestylehasanyeffectontheirCtoinvestigatetheroleofexerciseinlivingalonglifeDtoexamineallthefactorscontributingtolongevitydoestheauthorimplyaboutoutgoingandsympatheticA)Theyhaveagoodunderstandingofevolution.B)Theyarebetteratnegotiatinganagreement.C)Theygenerallyappearmoreresourceful.D)Theyaremorelikelytogetoverhardship.atfindingofthestudymightprovesomewhatoutofourA)Easy-goingpeoplecanalsolivearelativelylonglife.BPer