2019年10月自考00595英语阅读一试题及答案含解析

英语阅读（一）年月真题

00595201910

1、【单选题】Walkingisjustnotenough,accordingtoanewreviewofthe

evidencefromPublicHealthEngland（PHE）,whichrevealsamajordisconnect

betweentheexercisepeopleneedandwhattheyactuallydo.Thosewhothought

10,000stepsadayorabriskdailytrudge（跋涉）fromafurtherbusstopmeant

theyweredoingenoughtostayfitandhealthyhavegotitwrong.Peopleshould

alsoallbedoingtaichi,weightliftingorballroomdancing.Aerobic（有氧的）

exercise,suchaswalkingorgardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthe

circulation.PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbonestrengtheningandbalance

activitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuturewellbeing,buttheyareneglected.

Strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesnotonlyhelppreventfalls,butalsohelp

improvemood,sleepingpatterns,increaseenergylevelsandreducetheriskofan

earlydeath.Musclestendtobeattheirpeakinour30s,saidLouiseAnsari

fromtheCentreforAgeingBetter,andthemuscletoneisgoingbythetimewe

reach40unlessweactivelyworkonit.Thebestformsofexercise,accordingto

thereviewofevidence,areballgames,tennis,dance,Nordic（北欧人的）walking

andresistancetrainingusuallytrainingwithweights.Theseexercisebotharms

andlegs,strengtheningmusclesandhelpinguskeepourbalance.Ansarisaidthe

typeofexerciserequireddependsonaperson'sfitness."Ifyouareareasonably

fitadultandyoudowalking,youshouldalsodoyogaortaichiortennisor

resistancetrainingwhichcouldbeinastructuredexerciseclass."Butexercise

doesn'thavetobeinagym,sheadded."Youcanalsomakesureyougoupanddown

stairsalotinsteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyis

providingtheresistance.Youdon'thavetogotothegym.Aslongasyouare

feelingtheacheinyourmuscles."Danceofallsortsisgoodformusclesand

balance,fromfolktoballroom."Ifyoudon'tfeelyoucangotoafull-ondance

classbecauseyouareabitweak,standingononelegfor30secondsadayortai

chiisverygood."Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagym."Idon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthingsaround—

consciouslyliftingweight."Theadviceisnotjustfbrtheelderly."Alongside

aerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaimingtodostrengtheningandbalancing

activitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari."Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerand

thismixtureofphysicalactivitieswillhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremain

independentasweage."1.WhatcanwelearnfromthenewreviewgivenbyPHE?

Peopleliketokeepfitbydoingdancing.

Peopleenjoywalkingtoworkeveryday.

A:

Peopleneglectsomeformsofexercise.

B:

C:

Peopleovervaluetheroleofexercise.

答D:案：C

解析：文章第三段的第二句提到PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbone

strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuture

wellbeing,buttheyareneglected公共卫生部门的评论说，肌肉和骨骼的强化和平衡活

动对健康和未来的福祉也至关重要，但它们被忽视了，故选C。

2、【单选题】Walkingisjustnotenough,accordingtoanewreviewofthe

evidencefromPublicHealthEngland（PHE）,whichrevealsamajordisconnect

betweentheexercisepeopleneedandwhattheyactuallydo.Thosewhothought

10,000stepsadayorabriskdailytrudge（跋涉）fromafurtherbusstopmeant

theyweredoingenoughtostayfitandhealthyhavegotitwrong.Peopleshould

alsoallbedoingtaichi,weightliftingorballroomdancing.Aerobic（有氧的）

exercise,suchaswalkingorgardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthe

circulation.PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbonestrengtheningandbalance

activitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuturewellbeing,buttheyareneglected.

Strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesnotonlyhelppreventfalls,butalsohelp

improvemood,sleepingpatterns,increaseenergylevelsandreducetheriskofan

earlydeath.Musclestendtobeattheirpeakinour30s,saidLouiseAnsari

fromtheCentreforAgeingBetter,andthemuscletoneisgoingbythetimewe

reach40unlessweactivelyworkonit.Thebestformsofexercise,accordingto

thereviewofevidence,areballgames,tennis,dance,Nordic（北欧人的）walking

andresistancetrainingusuallytrainingwithweights.Theseexercisebotharms

andlegs,strengtheningmusclesandhelpinguskeepourbalance.Ansarisaidthe

typeofexerciserequireddependsonaperson'sfitness."Ifyouareareasonably

fitadultandyoudowalking,youshouldalsodoyogaortaichiortennisor

resistancetrainingwhichcouldbeinastructuredexerciseclass."Butexercise

doesn'thavetobeinagym,sheadded."Youcanalsomakesureyougoupanddown

stairsalotinsteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyis

providingtheresistance.Youdon'thavetogotothegym.Aslongasyouare

feelingtheacheinyourmuscles."Danceofallsortsisgoodformusclesand

balance,fromfolktoballroom."Ifyoudon'tfeelyoucangotoafull-ondance

classbecauseyouareabitweak,standingononelegfor30secondsadayortai

chiisverygood."Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagym."Idon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthingsaround—

consciouslyliftingweight."Theadviceisnotjustfbrtheelderly."Alongside

aerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaimingtodostrengtheningandbalancing

activitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari."Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerand

thismixtureofphysicalactivitieswillhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremain

independentasweage."2\.Whatistheadvantageofwalkingaccordingto

paragraph3?

Promotingsleep.

Reducingrisksoffalls.

A:

Helpingkeepingbalance.

B:

Improvingbloodcirculation.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：文章第三段的第一句提到Aerobic（有氧的）exercise,suchaswalkingor

gardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthecirculation有氧运动，比如走路

或园艺。有益于心脏，改善血液循环，故选D；而选项A、B和C说的都是加强和平衡活动

的优点。

3、【单选题】Walkingisjustnotenough,accordingtoanewreviewofthe

evidencefromPublicHealthEngland（PHE）,whichrevealsamajordisconnect

betweentheexercisepeopleneedandwhattheyactuallydo.Thosewhothought

10,000stepsadayorabriskdailytrudge（跋涉）fromafurtherbusstopmeant

theyweredoingenoughtostayfitandhealthyhavegotitwrong.Peopleshould

alsoallbedoingtaichi,weightliftingorballroomdancing.Aerobic（有氧的）

exercise,suchaswalkingorgardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthe

circulation.PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbonestrengtheningandbalance

activitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuturewellbeing,buttheyareneglected.

Strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesnotonlyhelppreventfalls,butalsohelp

improvemood,sleepingpatterns,increaseenergylevelsandreducetheriskofan

earlydeath.Musclestendtobeattheirpeakinour30s,saidLouiseAnsari

fromtheCentreforAgeingBetter,andthemuscletoneisgoingbythetimewe

reach40unlessweactivelyworkonit.Thebestformsofexercise,accordingto

thereviewofevidence,areballgames,tennis,dance,Nordic（北欧人的）walking

andresistancetrainingusuallytrainingwithweights.Theseexercisebotharms

andlegs,strengtheningmusclesandhelpinguskeepourbalance.Ansarisaidthe

typeofexerciserequireddependsonaperson'sfitness."Ifyouareareasonably

fitadultandyoudowalking,youshouldalsodoyogaortaichiortennisor

resistancetrainingwhichcouldbeinastructuredexerciseclass."Butexercise

doesn'thavetobeinagym,sheadded."Youcanalsomakesureyougoupanddown

stairsalotinsteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyis

providingtheresistance.Youdon'thavetogotothegym.Aslongasyouare

feelingtheacheinyourmuscles."Danceofallsortsisgoodformusclesand

balance,fromfolktoballroom."Ifyoudon'tfeelyoucangotoafull-ondance

classbecauseyouareabitweak,standingononelegfor30secondsadayortai

chiisverygood."Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagym."Idon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthingsaround—

consciouslyliftingweight."Theadviceisnotjustfbrtheelderly."Alongside

aerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaimingtodostrengtheningandbalancing

activitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari."Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerand

thismixtureofphysicalactivitieswillhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremain

independentasweage."3.Whichofthefollowingisresistancetraining?

Takinglongwalks.

Goinginfortaichi.

A:

Playingtabletennis.

B:

Doingweightlifting.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：文章第五段开头提到Youcanalsomakesureyougoupanddownstairsalot

insteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyisproviding

theresistance你也可以经常上下楼梯，而不是坐电梯。这就是阻力训练。你的身体在提

供阻力；’以及文章第四段提到walkingandresistancetrainingusuallytraining

withweights.Theseexercisebotharmsandlegs,strengtheningmusclesand

helpinguskeepourbalance步行和阻力训练通常是负重训练。这些运动包括胳膊和腿，

加强肌肉，帮助我们保持平衡，说明举重是阻力训练。

4、【单选题】Walkingisjustnotenough,accordingtoanewreviewofthe

evidencefromPublicHealthEngland（PHE）,whichrevealsamajordisconnect

betweentheexercisepeopleneedandwhattheyactuallydo.Thosewhothought

10,000stepsadayorabriskdailytrudge（跋涉）fromafurtherbusstopmeant

theyweredoingenoughtostayfitandhealthyhavegotitwrong.Peopleshould

alsoallbedoingtaichi,weightliftingorballroomdancing.Aerobic（有氧的）

exercise,suchaswalkingorgardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthe

circulation.PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbonestrengtheningandbalance

activitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuturewellbeing,buttheyareneglected.

Strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesnotonlyhelppreventfalls,butalsohelp

improvemood,sleepingpatterns,increaseenergylevelsandreducetheriskofan

earlydeath.Musclestendtobeattheirpeakinour30s,saidLouiseAnsari

fromtheCentreforAgeingBetter,andthemuscletoneisgoingbythetimewe

reach40unlessweactivelyworkonit.Thebestformsofexercise,accordingto

thereviewofevidence,areballgames,tennis,dance,Nordic（北欧人的）walking

andresistancetrainingusuallytrainingwithweights.Theseexercisebotharms

andlegs,strengtheningmusclesandhelpinguskeepourbalance.Ansarisaidthe

typeofexerciserequireddependsonaperson'sfitness."Ifyouareareasonably

fitadultandyoudowalking,youshouldalsodoyogaortaichiortennisor

resistancetrainingwhichcouldbeinastructuredexerciseclass."Butexercise

doesn'thavetobeinagym,sheadded."Youcanalsomakesureyougoupanddown

stairsalotinsteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyis

providingtheresistance.Youdon'thavetogotothegym.Aslongasyouare

feelingtheacheinyourmuscles."Danceofallsortsisgoodformusclesand

balance,fromfolktoballroom."Ifyoudon'tfeelyoucangotoafull-ondance

classbecauseyouareabitweak,standingononelegfor30secondsadayortai

chiisverygood."Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagym."Idon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthingsaround—

consciouslyliftingweight."Theadviceisnotjustfbrtheelderly."Alongside

aerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaimingtodostrengtheningandbalancing

activitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari."Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerand

thismixtureofphysicalactivitieswillhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremain

independentasweage."4.WhatdoesAnsariliketodoforkeepingfit?

Walkwithheavythings.

Gotoadanceclass.

A:

Doyogainagym.

B:

Takeanelevator.

C:

答D:案：A

解析：文章第八段提到Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagymIdon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthings

around—consciouslyliftingweight."安萨里说，她不去健身房，我也不去举重，但我会

确保把买的东西带回家，带着东西到处跑——有意识地举重，只有选项A与之相符，故选

A。

5、【单选题】Walkingisjustnotenough,accordingtoanewreviewofthe

evidencefromPublicHealthEngland（PHE）,whichrevealsamajordisconnect

betweentheexercisepeopleneedandwhattheyactuallydo.Thosewhothought

10,000stepsadayorabriskdailytrudge（跋涉）fromafurtherbusstopmeant

theyweredoingenoughtostayfitandhealthyhavegotitwrong.Peopleshould

alsoallbedoingtaichi,weightliftingorballroomdancing.Aerobic（有氧的）

exercise,suchaswalkingorgardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthe

circulation.PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbonestrengtheningandbalance

activitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuturewellbeing,buttheyareneglected.

Strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesnotonlyhelppreventfalls,butalsohelp

improvemood,sleepingpatterns,increaseenergylevelsandreducetheriskofan

earlydeath.Musclestendtobeattheirpeakinour30s,saidLouiseAnsari

fromtheCentreforAgeingBetter,andthemuscletoneisgoingbythetimewe

reach40unlessweactivelyworkonit.Thebestformsofexercise,accordingto

thereviewofevidence,areballgames,tennis,dance,Nordic（北欧人的）walking

andresistancetrainingusuallytrainingwithweights.Theseexercisebotharms

andlegs,strengtheningmusclesandhelpinguskeepourbalance.Ansarisaidthe

typeofexerciserequireddependsonaperson'sfitness."Ifyouareareasonably

fitadultandyoudowalking,youshouldalsodoyogaortaichiortennisor

resistancetrainingwhichcouldbeinastructuredexerciseclass."Butexercise

doesn'thavetobeinagym,sheadded."Youcanalsomakesureyougoupanddown

stairsalotinsteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyis

providingtheresistance.Youdon'thavetogotothegym.Aslongasyouare

feelingtheacheinyourmuscles."Danceofallsortsisgoodformusclesand

balance,fromfolktoballroom."Ifyoudon'tfeelyoucangotoafull-ondance

classbecauseyouareabitweak,standingononelegfor30secondsadayortai

chiisverygood."Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagym."Idon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthingsaround—

consciouslyliftingweight."Theadviceisnotjustfortheelderly."Alongside

aerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaimingtodostrengtheningandbalancing

activitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari."Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerand

thismixtureofphysicalactivitieswillhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremain

independentasweage."5.WhatdoesAnsariadvisepeopletodo?

Doamixtureofexercises.

Exerciseinagymeveryday.

A:

Attendsomeexerciseclasses.

B:

Doaerobicexerciseonceaweek.

C:

答D:案：A

解析：文章最后一段提到Alongsideaerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaiming

todostrengtheningandbalancingactivitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari.

"Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerandthismixtureofphysicalactivities

willhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremainindependentasweage."除了有氧运

动，所有成年人都应该以每周进行两次强化和平衡运动为目标。”“平均而言，我们都活

得更长了，这些体育活动的结合将帮助我们在年轻时保持健康，并在年老时保持独立；因

此可知选项B、C和D均错误，故选A。

6、【单选题】Onesimplesolutiontothegenderpaygapisthatifwomendon't

likehowmuchthey'rebeingpaidbytheiremployers,theyshouldsimplyquittheir

jobsandworkforthemselves.Thatmakesmelaughoutloud.Researchshowsthatin

2016self-employedmenearnedanaverageof£363perweek,whiletheir

femalecounterpartsearnedathirdlessat£243.Therealityisthatwomenin

self-employmentrunintoexactlythesameproblemsthatthoseworkingforsomeone

else'sbusinessdo.First,numerousself-employedwomenareinsectorswhichare

traditionallylowerpaid,likecaringandcleaningprofessions.Then,thereisthe

beliefthatwomentendtoaskforlessthanmen,andsotheyaresimplypaidless.

A2016academicstudyshowedthatinemploymentbothmenandwomenwouldtreata

femaleaskingforapayrisedifferentlyfromamale.Althoughtheymightgetthe

raise,thecompanywouldtendtoholditagainstthemandseethemasdifficult

ordemanding.Thisinstinctivereactionteacheswomenthattheycanaskfor

moneybutit'sgoingtobeadifficultexperienceandthey'regoingtobe

resentedforit.Forme,however,thegreatestreasonforthepaygapinself-

employmentisthemotivationbehindstrikingoutonyourown.Formen,themost

commonreasonisbecausetheywanttobetheirownboss,forwomenit'sbecause

theywantabetterwork-lifebalance.Womenhavealevelofcaring

responsibilitiesthattraditionalemploymentdoesn'tallowthemtomeet.There's

alsotherealitythatchildcareisexpensive,andsupportforthisdoesn'tkickin

forafewyears.Womenlookingatsacrificingtheirentiresalarysimplytopay

someoneelsetolookaftertheirchildmightthinkthey'rebetteroffworking

forthemselves.We'reonlygoingtoseemoreofthisascaringresponsibilities

grow.Weknowthatwomenarehitbyadouble-bind（双重约束）ofchildrenand

ageingparents,thatit'smoredifficultforthemtore-entertheworkplaceafter

takingtimeoutforchildren,andthatthey'remorelikelytoprioritize

flexibilityovermoney.Youmightsaythatthesearechoicesthatwomenmake,and

thatiftheychoosetomakethemthentheyhavetoaccepttheyearnless.Butwhat

wouldhappeniftheydidn'tmakethesechoices?Ifnoonelookedaftertheir

childrenorageingparents?Self-employedwomenaredoingthesamejuggling（同

时做多件事情的）acttheiremployedpeersaredoing,andthey'rebeingpunishedfor

itinthesameway.Thegenderpaygapdoesn'tdisappearbecauseyouworkfor

yourself-itonlywidens.6\.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproposedsolution

tothegenderpaygap?

Itisdangerous.

Itisridiculous.

A:

Itisinnovative.

B:

Itishelpful.

C:

答D:案：B

解析：文章第一段提到Onesimplesolutiontothegenderpaygapisthatifwomen

don'tlikehowmuchthey'rebeingpaidbytheiremployers,theyshouldsimply

quittheirjobsandworkforthemselves.Thatmakesmelaughoutloud.解决性别

薪酬差距的一个简单办法是，如果女性不喜欢雇主付给她们的工资，她们应该辞掉工作，

为自己工作。这让我笑出声来，说明作者认为解决性别薪酬差别是很荒谬的。选项A是危

险的，文章没有提到；选项B是荒谬的，符合文意；选项C是创新的，文章也没有提

到；选项D是有帮助的，这种说法是错误的；故选B。

7、【单选题】Onesimplesolutiontothegenderpaygapisthatifwomendon't

likehowmuchthey'rebeingpaidbytheiremployers,theyshouldsimplyquittheir

jobsandworkforthemselves.Thatmakesmelaughoutloud.Researchshowsthatin

2016self-employedmenearnedanaverageof£363perweek,whiletheir

femalecounterpartsearnedathirdlessat£243.Therealityisthatwomenin

self-employmentrunintoexactlythesameproblemsthatthoseworkingforsomeone

else'sbusinessdo.First,numerousself-employedwomenareinsectorswhichare

traditionallylowerpaid,likecaringandcleaningprofessions.Then,thereisthe

beliefthatwomentendtoaskforlessthanmen,andsotheyaresimplypaidless.

A2016academicstudyshowedthatinemploymentbothmenandwomenwouldtreata

femaleaskingforapayrisedifferentlyfromamale.Althoughtheymightgetthe

raise,thecompanywouldtendtoholditagainstthemandseethemasdifficult

ordemanding.Thisinstinctivereactionteacheswomenthattheycanaskfbr

moneybutit'sgoingtobeadifficultexperienceandthey'regoingtobe

resentedforit.Forme,however,thegreatestreasonfbrthepaygapinself-

employmentisthemotivationbehindstrikingoutonyourown.Formen,themost

commonreasonisbecausetheywanttobetheirownboss,forwomenit'sbecause

theywantabetterwork-lifebalance.Womenhavealevelofcaring

responsibilitiesthattraditionalemploymentdoesn'tallowthemtomeet.There's

alsotherealitythatchildcareisexpensive,andsupportforthisdoesn'tkickin

fbrafewyears.Womenlookingatsacrificingtheirentiresalarysimplytopay

someoneelsetolookaftertheirchildmightthinkthey'rebetteroffworking

fbrthemselves.We'reonlygoingtoseemoreofthisascaringresponsibilities

grow.Weknowthatwomenarehitbyadouble-bind（双重约束）ofchildrenand

ageingparents,thatit'smoredifficultforthemtore-entertheworkplaceafter

takingtimeoutforchildren,andthatthey'remorelikelytoprioritize

flexibilityovermoney.Youmightsaythatthesearechoicesthatwomenmake,and

thatiftheychoosetomakethemthentheyhavetoaccepttheyearnless.Butwhat

wouldhappeniftheydidn'tmakethesechoices?Ifnoonelookedaftertheir

childrenorageingparents?Self-employedwomenaredoingthesamejuggling（同

时做多件事情的）acttheiremployedpeersaredoing,andthey'rebeingpunishedfbr

itinthesameway.Thegenderpaygapdoesn'tdisappearbecauseyouworkfbr

yourself-itonlywidens.7\.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?

Itishardfbrwomentogetapayrise.

Womenlaylittleemphasisonmoney.

A:

Itisraretoseemenincaringprofessions.

B:

Malesearnmorethanfemalesincleaningprofession.

C:

答D:案：A

解析：文章第二段提到许多自雇女性从事的行业传统上工资较低，比如护理和清洁行业。

此外，还有一种观点认为，女性往往比男性要求更少，因此她们的薪酬也更低。2016年的

一项学术研究表明，在就业方面，男性和女性都会以不同于男性的方式对待要求加薪的女

性。虽然他们可能会得到加薪，但公司往往会对他们怀恨在心，认为他们很难相处或要求

太高。这种本能反应告诉女性，她们可以开口要钱，但这将是一次艰难的经历，她们会因

此而被憎恨。选项A女性很难得到加薪，符合文意；选项B女人不重视金钱，该说法错

误；选项C从事护理职业的男性很少见，文章中没有提到；选项D在清洁行业，男性比女

性挣得多，文章中没有提到；只有选项A符合文意，故选A。

8、【单选题】Onesimplesolutiontothegenderpaygapisthatifwomendon't

likehowmuchthey'rebeingpaidbytheiremployers,theyshouldsimplyquittheir

jobsandworkforthemselves.Thatmakesmelaughoutloud.Researchshowsthatin

2016self-employedmenearnedanaverageof£363perweek,whiletheir

femalecounterpartsearnedathirdlessat£243.Therealityisthatwomenin

self-employmentrunintoexactlythesameproblemsthatthoseworkingforsomeone

else'sbusinessdo.First,numerousself-employedwomenareinsectorswhichare

traditionallylowerpaid,likecaringandcleaningprofessions.Then,thereisthe

beliefthatwomentendtoaskforlessthanmen,andsotheyaresimplypaidless.

A2016academicstudyshowedthatinemploymentbothmenandwomenwouldtreata

femaleaskingforapayrisedifferentlyfromamale.Althoughtheymightgetthe

raise,thecompanywouldtendtoholditagainstthemandseethemasdifficult

ordemanding.Thisinstinctivereactionteacheswomenthattheycanaskfbr

moneybutit'sgoingtobeadifficultexperienceandthey'regoingtobe

resentedforit.Forme,however,thegreatestreasonforthepaygapinself-

employmentisthemotivationbehindstrikingoutonyourown.Formen,themost

commonreasonisbecausetheywanttobetheirownboss,forwomenit'sbecause

theywantabetterwork-lifebalance.Womenhavealevelofcaring

responsibilitiesthattraditionalemploymentdoesn'tallowthemtomeet.There's

alsotherealitythatchildcareisexpensive,andsupportforthisdoesn'tkickin

fbrafewyears.Womenlookingatsacrificingtheirentiresalarysimplytopay

someoneelsetolookaftertheirchildmightthinkthey'rebetteroffworking

forthemselves.We'reonlygoingtoseemoreofthisascaringresponsibilities

grow.Weknowthatwomenarehitbyadouble-bind（双重约束）ofchildrenand

ageingparents,thatit'smoredifficultforthemtore-entertheworkplaceafter

takingtimeoutforchildren,andthatthey'remorelikelytoprioritize

flexibilityovermoney.Youmightsaythatthesearechoicesthatwomenmake,and

thatiftheychoosetomakethemthentheyhavetoaccepttheyearnless.Butwhat

wouldhappeniftheydidn'tmakethesechoices?Ifnoonelookedaftertheir

childrenorageingparents?Self-employedwomenaredoingthesamejuggling（同

时做多件事情的）acttheiremployedpeersaredoing,andthey'rebeingpunishedfor

itinthesameway.Thegenderpaygapdoesn'tdisappearbecauseyouworkfor

yourself-itonlywidens.8\.Whatwouldatraditionalemployerdotoafemale

employeewithcaringresponsibilities?

Tellherthenecessityofpersonalsacrifice.

Urgehertowellbalanceworkandfamily.

A:

Refusetogivehertheneededflexibility.

B:

Askhertoconsidergoingself-employed.

C:

答D:案：C

解析：文章第三段提到女性有一定程度的照顾责任，这是传统职业所不允许的，说明传统

职业没有灵活性，不会因为是女性就有所宽容。题目问的是传统的职业会如何对待有照顾

责任的女性员工？选项A告诉她个人牺牲的必要性，文章没有说明；选项B督促她很好地

平衡工作和家庭，文中没有提到；选项C拒绝给她必要的灵活性，符合文意；选项D让她

考虑自己当老板，文中也没有提到；只有选项C符合文意，故选C。

9、【单选题】Onesimplesolutiontothegenderpaygapisthatifwomendon't

likehowmuchthey'rebeingpaidbytheiremployers,theyshouldsimplyquittheir

jobsandworkforthemselves.Thatmakesmelaughoutloud.Researchshowsthatin

2016self-employedmenearnedanaverageof£363perweek,whiletheir

femalecounterpartsearnedathirdlessat£243.Therealityisthatwomenin

self-employmentrunintoexactlythesameproblemsthatthoseworkingforsomeone

else'sbusinessdo.First,numerousself-employedwomenareinsectorswhichare

traditionallylowerpaid,likecaringandcleaningprofessions.Then,thereisthe

beliefthatwomentendtoaskfbrlessthanmen,andsotheyaresimplypaidless.

A2016academicstudyshowedthatinemploymentbothmenandwomenwouldtreata

femaleaskingfbrapayrisedifferentlyfromamale.Althoughtheymightgetthe

raise,thecompanywouldtendtoholditagainstthemandseethemasdifficult

ordemanding.Thisinstinctivereactionteacheswomenthattheycanaskfor

moneybutit'sgoingtobeadifficultexperienceandthey'regoingtobe

resentedforit.Forme,however,thegreatestreasonforthepaygapinself-

employmentisthemotivationbehindstrikingoutonyourown.Formen,themost

commonreasonisbecausetheywanttobetheirownboss,forwomenit'sbecause

theywantabetterwork-lifebalance.Womenhavealevelofcaring

responsibilitiesthattraditionalemploymentdoesn'tallowthemtomeet.There's

alsotherealitythatchildcareisexpensive,andsupportforthisdoesn'tkickin

fbrafewyears.Womenlookingatsacrificingtheirentiresalarysimplytopay

someoneelsetolookaftertheirchildmightthinkthey'rebetteroffworking

fbrthemselves.We'reonlygoingtoseemoreofthisascaringresponsibilities

grow.Weknowthatwomenarehitbyadouble-bind（双重约束）ofchildrenand

ageingparents,thatit'smoredifficultforthemtore-entertheworkplaceafter

takingtimeoutforchildren,andthatthey'remorelikelytoprioritize

flexibilityovermoney.Youmightsaythatthesearechoicesthatwomenmake,