高中英语高考一轮话题复习7自然与环境3（学生版）

高中英语高考一轮话题复习7：自然与环境3【问题查找】单词拼写1.Hetoldoneortwoamusing(逸事)abouthisyearsasapoliceman.2.paniespublish(每年的)reportstoinformthepublicaboutthepreviousyear’sactivities.3.Theneedforgood(配合)isnowbeingrecognizedasessential.4.Thereareseveraltypesof(鲨鱼),someofwhichcanattackpeopleswimming.5.The(关系)betweenthepoliceandthelocalmunityhasimproved.6.Hebithis(嘴唇)nervously,tryingnottocry.7.Don’tbreakintotheircarea.8.We’regoodfriends,butwehaveoviewswhenitestopolitics.9.Hotelaisincludedinthepriceofyourholiday.10.It’shopedthatthetwillenablescientiststoseedeeperintotheuniversethaneverbefore.【要点精讲】学习目标：能自主快速阅读理解大意，能依据上下文语境猜测词义，能正确拼读词汇（单词、短语），掌握词汇意义与用法。（1）能正确识记、领会以下词汇,正确率达100%：witness,reflect,aware,annual等（2）能正确识记、领会以下短语,正确率达100%：upsidedown,help...out等（3）能正确运用以下句型结合词汇和语法进行句子翻译和写作,正确率达80%：解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）Underthesea海底世界【语境串联】（1）请用学习过的单词完成篇章：Youmayyellandbescaredto（目击）somany（abandon）oldpeoplewithout（acmodate）,（养老金）andrelations.Thegovernmentis（意识到的）ofwhatit（反映）and（催促）（每年的）conversationofthem.【知识拓展】witnessn.目击者；证人；证据vt.当场见到；目击beawitnessto...是……的证人/证据give/bearwitnessto为……作证；作……的证人witnesstosth./doingsth.证实……；证明……witnessfor为……作证awareadj.意识到的；知道的awarenessn.知道；认识；意识；兴趣be/beeawareofsth.意识到某事(aware通常做表语)be/beeawarethat...意识到……asfarasI'maware据我所知urgevt.催促，力劝，强烈要求n．强烈的欲望，迫切要求urgeagainst…极力反对……urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgethatsb.(should)dosth.主张……；力劝……（虚拟语气）Itis/wasurgedthat...有人主张……annualadj.每年的；按年度计算的n.年刊；年鉴annuallyadv.每年地；年度地anniversaryn．周年纪念annualmeeting年会annualsalary年薪annualbudgetn.年度预算（2）请用学习过的短语完成篇章：Imadethebottle（上下翻转）andallofthemilkwasspiltontheground.I（意识到）whatIhaddone.（吓死了），Iwantedmymothertome（帮助某人摆脱困境）.Onlyshecouldkeepmefrombeingpunishingbymyfather.【知识拓展】help(...)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难helpsb.withsth.帮助某人干某事help(sb.)(to)dosth.帮助(某人)干某事can'thelptodo不能帮助干某事can'thelpdoing禁不住干某事can'thelpbutdo只得，不得不helponeselfto随便吃/用……【即学即练】完形填空节选题。1.Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthan_______us. A.divide B.reject C.control D.abandon2.Ithinkyoushouldstopforamomentandonyoursuccessesandfailures. A.look B.call C.reflect D.take3.Onceyouarethetrickusedinadvertisements,you,Ithink,won’tspendmoneyatyourownwill. A.anxiousabout B.awareof C.concernedabout D.worriedabout【查漏补缺】真题大练兵。1.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout____________________(recognize).2.Therobberstriedto________(逃跑),buttheywerecaughtintheend.3.Hopelessthoughitseemed,Francisdidnot________(放弃)allhopeoffindingajob.4.Jerrywasafraidto________(跳水)fromtheboardintothepool.[来源:Z+xx+k.]5.Louishadtoswimfor20minutestoreachthe________(海岸).6.Itistheir________(协作)thathasledtothesuccessoftheprogramme.7.I________(催促)mystudentstolookthroughtheirlessonsaheadofmyexplanation.8.Theycan________(暂停)duringareadingtodiscussdifficultsentenceswitheachother.【梳理优化】1、补救学习。一、词性转换1.annualadj.每年的；按年度计算的→annualn.年刊；年鉴→annuallyadv.每年地2.acmodationn.住所；住宿→acmodatev.为……提供住宿3.divevi.&n.跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲→divern.潜水员→divingn.跳水；跳水运动4.depthn.深(度)；深处→deepadj.深的→deeplyadv.强烈的；深刻地→deepenv.(使)变深；加深5.urgevt.催促；极力主张；驱策→urgentadj.急迫的；催促的；强求的→urgencyn.紧急(的事)6.abandonvt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandonedadj.被抛弃的；被遗弃的→abandonmentn.遗弃；抛弃7.relationshipn.关系；血缘关系；交往→relationn.关系，联系，交往；亲戚(关系)；亲属(关系)→relatevt.&vi.(把……)联系起来；讲述；叙述8.conservationn.保存；保护→conservevt.保护；保藏9．awareadj.意识到的；知道的→awarenessn.知道；意识；兴趣→unawareadj.不知道的；没意识到的10．reflectvi.思考&vt.映射；反射；思考→reflectionn.反映；影像；沉思→reflectiveadj.思考的；反射的；反光的拓展延伸。完形填空的解题技巧5：词语复现词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、同义或近义词复现、上下义词复现(即总括与分述，如animal是sheep，tiger，wolf等的上义词；rose是flower的下义词)等。(1)原词复现。为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。如：【例1】AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather__________.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof__________.Ifeltevenmorehelplesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.A.encouragedB.dissatisfied C.helpless D.pleasedA.placeB.job C.advice D.help(2)同义词、近义词复现。同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。如：【例2】Thatiswhatahobbymeans,Iguess.Itissomethingweliketodoinoursparetimesimplyforthe__________ofit.Thevalueindollarsisnotimportant;wedoitforthepleasureitgivesus.A.benefitB.goodC.funD.interest(3)反义词复现。语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。如：【例3】Forcingyourselftorecallalmostneverhelpsbecauseitdoesn’t__________yourmoney;itonlytightensit.A.loosenB.weakenC.decreaseD.reduce(4)同源词复现。对于上下文语义复现的表达，还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。如：【例4】Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,theinstructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththeinformationinthereading……Whenresearchis_________,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtopleteitwithminimumguidance.A.collectedB.assignedC.distributedD.finished(5)上义词复现。上义词具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。概述时用的为上义词，分述则用比较具体的下义词，两者为总分关系。如：【例5】Othertimes,hewouldjoinstudentgroupstodiscussavarietyof__________:agriculture,divingandmathematics.A.questionsB.subjectsC.mattersD.Contents【即学即练】1.Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.A.regularB.specialC.smallD.creative2.Thereweremanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby’sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather’sclotheswerejusttwooftheremended27.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methods3.Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbeeboredandloseinterestinlearning.However，this11ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents...A.concernB.conclusionC.reflectionD.interest4.However，thisconcernismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents，andsomeofthese12simplyconcludethatspecialclassesshouldbesetupforthosewhoaretalented.A.studentsB.adultsC.scholarsD.teachers优化：补充、完善初步总结的解题方法；B.解决元认知问题；C.信息精细化加工；D.需要记忆的教给记忆诀窍等；E.图式。A.补充、完善初步总结的解题方法。一、常考题型：1.完型填空;2.阅读理解题;3.语法填空题4.书面表达二、解题技巧语法填空题中词汇的解题技巧1.判断空格中所需单词的词性；2.观察所给单词的词性和所需单词词性是否一致；3.根据题目修改相应的单词形式B.信息精细化加工（归类、分类、类比、比较、联想、想象等）1.选取本次课学习的（至少）5个词汇写出一篇短文。E.图式。1.利用近义词、同义词、反义词转换等带出新的语言。2.利用paraphrase评价和转换语言，利用已有认知图式结合情境学习新的目标词汇。【强化巩固】完形填空IgrewupinSanPedro.Mydadwasa

1,andhelovedthesea.Hehadhisown

2,butitwashardtomakealivingonthesea.Heworkedhard,andhewouldstay

out untilhecaughtenoughfishto

3hisfamily.Whentheweatherwas

4hewould

5metoschool.Hewouldpullrightup

infront,smiling,then

6andgivemeabigkissonthe

7,tellingmetobeagood

8.BecauseIwastwelveyearsoldthen,itwasso

9forme.Oneday,theweatherwasstillbad.Whenwegottotheschool,hehadhisusualbig

10andstartedtoleantowardme,butIputmyhandupandsaid:"No,Dad."ItwasthefirsttimeIhadever

11himinthatway,andhehadasurprisedlookonhisface.Isaid:"Dad,I’mtoooldforagoodbyekiss.I’mtoooldforanykindsofkiss."Mydadlookedatmeforthelongesttime,and

12cameintohiseyes.Ihadneverseenhimcry.Hesaid:"You’reright.Youareabigboy.Iwon’tkissyou

anymore."Itwasn’tlongafterthatwhenmydadwenttoseaandnever

13.Itwasadaywhenalloftheshipsstayedin,butnotmydad’s.Hehadabigfamilytofeed.Nowlamwillingto

14allifmydadcangivemejust

onemorekissonthecheek,feelinghis

15oldfaceandsmellingtheoceanonhim;IwishIhadbeenamanthen.IfIhadbeenaman,IwouldneverhavetoldmydadIwastoooldforagoodbyekiss.1.A.teacher B.worker C.fisherman D.carpenter2.A.factory B.boat C.car D.pany3.A.build B.support C.acpany D.see4.A.special B.sunny C.terrible D.bright5.A.drive B.persuade C.make D.force6.A.leanover B.walkover C.climbup D.takein7.A.cheek B.hand C.back D.shoulder8.A.children B.boy C.teenagers D.fisherman9.A.happy B.difficult C.embarrassing D.unbelievable10.A.kiss B.smile C.hug D.action11.A.refused B.answered C.saw D.told12.A.screams B.smiles C.tears D.worries13.A.tookback B.cameback C.lookedback D.cameon14.A.sacrifice B.understand C.permit D.remind15.A.smooth B.tough C.rough D.handsome【课后练习】一、书面表达假如你正在参加学校举办的一个英语演讲比赛，就如何应对全球变暖这一话题发表自己的见解，号召同学们过低碳生活，为减少二氧化碳(CO2)排放做贡献。请就这一话题写一篇演讲稿，陈述你自己的观点。演讲稿应包括以下内容：1．节能减排，低碳生活，人人可为；2．改变以往的家庭生活习惯(用电，用水)；3．出行使用公共交通或骑自行车；4．……注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节内容，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。参考词汇：lowcarbonlife低碳生活；carbonemission碳排放Goodmorning,everyone!Mytopictodayishowtolivealowcarbonlife.Asweallknow,theearthisbeingwarmerandwarmerduetotheglobalclimatechange.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、语法填空Nowadays,moreandmorepost90sgenerationwillentertheworkforce.Theyplacemoreemphasis1.______________lookingforajobthattheyenjoymorethanotherfactors.Manyofthemhopetoestablisha2.______________(relax)workingrelationship.Morethanhalfofthemprefertheeasygoingandgoodtempered3.______________(employ).Surprisingly10percentofthemwishtobefriendswiththeirbosses.ExpertssaythattheyarethegenerationoftheInternetera.Theyhaveastrong4.______________(aware)of"self"andhowtheyrelatetotheoutsideworld.GuoYun,22,isadigitalmediamajorfromBeijingUniversityofPostsandTelemunications.Shesaysthatshewouldnotmind5.______________(work)longhours,butwouldpreferherboss6.______________(explain)whyshehasto,suchastheurgencyofthetask."Ifeel7.______________(great)motivatedinthisway,"sheexplains.Theytendtocareagreatdealabouttheteamorthemanagementculture.8.______________arealsomoreoutspokenabouttheirneeds,andtheyarelikelytoopenlymunicatewiththeiremployers.Asaresult,they9.______________(admit)intomostbigpaniesmoreeasily.Ithinkitistheirfranknessandenthusiasm10.______________leavesadeepimpressionontheiremployers.三、阅读理解LifeintheClearTransparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow.Theseanimalstypicallylivebetweenthesurfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3,300feet—asfarasmostlightcanreach.Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch.SonkeJohnsen,ascientistinbiology,says,“Theseanimalslivethroughtheirlifealone.Theynevertouchanythingunlessthey’reeatingit,orunlesssomethingiseatingthem.”Andtheyareasclearasglass.Howdoesananimalbeeseethrough?It’strickierthanyoumightthink.Theobjectsaroundyouarevisiblebecausetheyinteractwithlight.Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.Butsomematerialsslowandscatter(散射)light,bouncingitawayfromitsoriginalpath.Othersabsorblight,stoppingitdeadinitstracks.Bothscatteringandabsorptionmakeanobjectlookdifferentfromotherobjectsaroundit,soyoucanseeiteasily.Butatransparentobjectdoesn’tabsorborscatterlight,atleastnotverymuch.Lightcanpassthroughitwithoutbendingorstopping.Thatmeansatransparentobjectdoesn’tlookverydifferentfromthesurroundingairorwater.Youdon’tseeit—youseethethingsbehindit.Tobeetransparent,ananimalneedstokeepitsbodyfromabsorbingorscatteringlight.Livingmaterialscanstoplightbecausetheycontainpigments(色素)thatabsorbspecificcolorsoflight.Butatransparentanimaldoesn’thavepigments,soitstissueswon’tabsorblight.AccordingtoJohnsen,avoidingabsorptionisactuallyeasy.Therealchallengeispreventinglightfromscat