2010年4月自考00832英语词汇学试题及答案含解析

英语词汇学年月真题

0083220104

1、【单选题】Whenwetalkaboutawordinvisualterms,awordcanbedefinedas

a____groupoflettersprintedorwrittenhorizontallyacrossapieceofpaper.

small

meaningful

A:

vocal

B:

large

C:

答D:案：B

解析：Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundand

meaningandsyntacticfunction.

2、【单选题】____belongstothesub-standardlanguage,acategorythatseemsto

standbetweenthestandardgeneralwordsincludinginformalonesavailable

toeveryoneandin-groupwords.

Terminology

Jargon

A:

Slang

B:

Argot

C:

答D:案：C

解析：俚语的概念Slangisacategorythatseemstostandbetweenthestandard

generalwordsincludinginformalonesavailabletoeveryoneandin-groupwords.

3、【单选题】“I'msurethattheywillcometoday.”Thereare____contentwords

intheabovesentence.

2

3

A:

4

B:

5

C:

答D:案：B

解析：sure,come,today。实义词就是在句中充当成分时有意义这类词有谓语动词、名词

等,虚词,在句中仅仅起连接作用而无词义,这类词有介词、冠词等。

4、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingisoneofthethreechannelsthroughwhich

modernEnglishvocabularydevelops?

Acronym.

Blending.

A:

Elevation.

B:

Borrowing.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：词汇的发展Threechannels包括Creation,Semanticchange,Borrowing。D符

合选项。

5、【单选题】Social,economicandpoliticalchangesbringaboutsuchnewwords

asthefollowingsEXCEPT____.

kungfu

TVdinner

A:

fastfood

B:

Watergate

C:

答D:案：A

解析：词汇的发展解析：现代词汇有三个主要来源：1.现代科学和技术的迅猛发展社

会；2.经济和政治的变化；3.其它文化和语言的影响。kungfu属于第三种

6、【单选题】Inmoderntimes,____isthemostimportantwayofvocabulary

expansion.

semanticchange

borrowing

A:

expansion

B:

creation

C:

答D:案：D

解析：新词汇产生的模式borrowing在新词汇产生的过程中起的作用越来越小；随着现代

社会的发展creation成为越来越重要的造词方式。

7、【单选题】Thepluralmorphme“-s”isrealizdby/Iz/afterthefollowing

soundsEXCEPT____.

/s/

/g/

A:

B:

/z/

/ろ/

C:

答D:案：B

解析：音素变体实例考察解析：音节/s//z//ʃ//tʃ/,/dʒ/之后发/-iz/，如：

classes,dishes,garages,damages,etc./g/为浊音，后跟/z/而非/iz/。

8、【单选题】Theword“idealistic”comprises____morphemes.

1

2

A:

3

B:

4

C:

答D:案：C

解析：音素知识的应用idealistic三个音素分别为ideal,ist和ic。

9、【单选题】ThefollowingwordshaveinflectionalaffixesEXCEPT____.

happier

worker

A:

harder

B:

taller

C:

答D:案：B

解析：音素的分类worker中的er并无语法功能，而是将动词转化为名词，因此属于

derivationalaffix。

10、【单选题】“Washingmachine”isawordformedby____.

prefixation

compounding

A:

conversion

B:

blending

C:

答D:案：B

解析：复合词的概念。

11、【单选题】“TV”isa(n)____.

initialism

A:

acronym

derivative

B:

compound

C:

答D:案：A

解析：造词法acronym造词会有自己作为独立单词的发音；而initialism造词，词汇的

发音为字母组合。

12、【单选题】Theprefix“mis-”intheword“mistrust”isa____prefix.

negative

reversative

A:

pejorative

B:

locative

C:

答D:案：C

解析：前缀的分类Pejorativeprefixesincludemal-,mis-,pseudo-.

13、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemeaningsof“word

meaning”?

Reference.

Concept.

A:

Sense.

B:

Pronunciation.

C:

答D:案：D

14、【单选题】Suchsynonymouspairas“die-passaway”hasthesame____but

differentstylisticvalues.

reference

concept

A:

motivation

B:

style

C:

答D:案：B

解析：对不同语义概念的把握die与passaway虽然都表示人去世这一概念，然而却有着

不同的文体含义。

15、【单选题】Theword“airmail”is____motivated.

onomatopoeically

etymologically

A:

semantically

B:

morphologically

C:

答D:案：D

解析：对motivation不同分类的把握airmail属于复合词，其含义即air和mail两个单

词组合的含义，因而选D。该题注意对morphologicalmotivation概念的把握。

16、【单选题】Wordsarearbitrarysymbolswithindependentidentitiessofaras

theirspellingandpronunciationisconcerned.But____,allwordsarerelated

inonewayoranother.

linguistically

semantically

A:

grammatically

B:

pragmatically

C:

答D:案：B

解析：Senserelations不同词汇可以通过这种或那种的方式发生语义上的关系。如

synonymy和antonymy。B符合题意。

17、【单选题】____,thebasicmeaningofawordisthecoreofword-meaning

calledthecentralmeaning.

Onomatopoeically

Diachronically

A:

Synchronically

B:

Etymologically

C:

答D:案：C

解析：一词多义关系的历时与共时历时是指随着时间发展，同一词汇逐渐发展出了不同

的含义；而从共时则指在某一特定时期，同一词汇具有不同的含义。

18、【单选题】Oneimportantcriteriontotellthefundamentaldifferencebetween

homonymsandpolysemantsistoseetheir____.

ideology

etymology

A:

mythology

B:

methodology

C:

D:

答案：B

解析：对语义关系内涵的理解一词多义关系中，单一词汇的不同含义是由于时间发展而逐

渐赋予该词汇的含义；而同形同音意义词汇则不同，它需要有两个词汇，这两个词汇拼写

相同但含义完全不同。最开始它们或许有着不同的拼写，但由于历史原因或外来词的原

因，逐渐发展成同样拼写方式，其实事实上两个单词只是凑巧外表相同而已。

19、【单选题】Vocabularyisthemost____elementofalanguageasitis

undergoingconstantchangesbothinformandcontent.

unbalanced

unstable

A:

unhinged

B:

undoubted

C:

答D:案：B

解析：词汇的发展随着时间发展，一个语言它的词汇部分是最容易发生改变的，包括旧

词汇的淘汰和新词汇的创造。

20、【单选题】InShakespeare'swell-knownHamlet,rivalmeans“____”andjump

means“just”.

janitor

partner

A:

collector

B:

observer

C:

答D:案：B

解析：词汇含义的演变除了对词汇发展概念的把握以外，该题目更考察了考生的基本

功，正确答案为B。

21、【单选题】Inthesentence“Justaftertwoyearsheisquiteagrownboy

now.”Thewordgrowncanbeclassifiedinto____senseoftransfer.

physical

objective

A:

sensational

B:

subjective

C:

答D:案：D

解析：词汇含义的变化transfer作为词汇含义变化的一种形式，表示本来指某种概念的

词开始代表另一种概念。

22、【单选题】Insomecases,themeaningofawordmaybeinfluencedbythe

structureinwhichitoccurs.Thisiscalled____context.

non-linguistic

lexical

A:

grammatical

B:

cultural

C:

答D:案：C

解析：引起词汇变化的因素包括词汇因素和词汇外因素。该题中的structure即语法，

因而选C。

23、【单选题】Thesentence“Heisahardbusinessman.”isambiguousdueto____.

grammaticalstructure

lexicalcontext

A:

homonymy

B:

polysemy

C:

答D:案：D

解析：歧意产生的原因句子中的hard在不同语境中，会有不同的含义。它的多种含义导

致了该句子容易产生歧意。

24、【单选题】Theextra-linguisticcontextmayextendtoembracetheentire____.

physicalsituation

grammaticalstructure

A:

mentalactivity

B:

culturalbackground

C:

答D:案：D

解析：外词汇因素。外词汇因素实际指出词汇外的所有因素。其中文化因素包括了A和C

选项，而B则属于词汇因素的范围。

25、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingisNOTonerespectoftherhetorical

featuresofidioms?

Phoneticmanipulation.

Lexicalmanipulation.

A:

B:

Syntacticalmanipulation.

Figuresofspeech.

C:

答D:案：C

解析：习语的特征由对习语不同的特征的认识可知该题选C。

26、【单选题】Innothingflatasanidiomis____innature.

verbal

nominal

A:

adjectival

B:

adverbial

C:

答D:案：D

解析：习语的分类。由对该习语的使用可知，该习语在句子中使用时多为状语使用。

27、【单选题】Theidiom“failureisthemotherofsuccess”isa____asfaras

figuresofspeechareconcerned.

simile

metaphor

A:

metonymy

B:

personification

C:

答D:案：D

解析：习语的文体特征抛开对习语问题特征的认识，从常识上来回答，该习语明显使用

了拟人的修辞手法。

28、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthethreegoodgeneral

dictionariesmentionedinthetextbook?

LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish.

Webster'sThirdNewInternationalDictionary.

A:

AChinese-EnglishDictionary.

B:

CollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguageDictionary.

C:

答D:案：B

解析：主要字词的名称该题目并不难，但很大程度考察了考生的记忆能力。由题可知只

有B不符合题意。

29、【单选题】Webster'sThirdNewInternationalDictionaryisthebest-

known______dictionary.

unabridged

desk

A:

pocket

B:

encyclopedic

C:

答D:案：A

30、【单选题】Britishdictionariesgenerallyuse____tomarkthepronunciation.

BritishPhoneticAlphabet

AmericanPhoneticAlphabet

A:

InternationalPhoneticAlphabet

B:

Webster'sPhoneticAlphabet

C:

答D:案：C

解析：词典知识大多数英语词典均是用国际音标作为标音符号。

31、【问答题】MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththewordsinColumnBaccording

to1)typesoftransfer;2)rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms;3)typesofvocabulary

bynotion;and4)thefunctionofaffixes.A31\.appreciativemeanings

32.parent/child33.pejorativeprefixes34.man/woman35.hyperactive/superfreeze

36.collocativemeaning37.decompose/unwrap38.pejorativemeaning

39.radios/desks40.locativeprefixesBA.maltreatB.Jap/niggerC.tremble

(notquiver)withfearD.famous/determinedE.extraordinary/telecommunication

F.prefixesofdegreeG.inflectionalaffixesH.reversativeprefixesI.

contradictorytermsJ.relativeterms

答案：31.D32.J33.A34.I35.F36.C37.H38.B39.G40.E

32、【问答题】Whatarederivationalaffixes?

答案：Derivationalaffixesareaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenew

words.

33、【问答题】Whatisgrammaticalmeaningofaword?Giveanexampleto

illustrateyourpoint.

答案：Grammaticalmeaningreferstothatpartofthemeaningoftheword

whichindicatesgrammaticalconceptorrelationshipssuchaspartofspeech

ofwords,singularandpluralmeaningofnouns,tensemeaningofverbsand

theirinflectionalforms.Forexample,forget(baseverb),forgets(3rd

personsingularform),forgot(pastform),forgotten(presentperfectform)

andforgetting(progressiveform).

34、【问答题】Whattypeoftransferisexperiencedforthewordinboldtype?

Thefairytale“TheSleepingBeauty”isveryinteresting.

答案：abstracttoconcrete

35、【问答题】Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse,basedon

yourunderstandingofthestylisticfeaturesofidioms.Stylisticallyspeaking,

mostidiomsareneitherformalnorinformal.

答案：False.Idiomsaregenerallyfelttobeinformalandsomeare

colloquialismsandslang,thereforeinappropriateforformalstyle.

Occasionallywefindidiomswhichareextremelyformalandusedonlyinfrozen

style.

36、【问答题】Analyzeandcomment,withadiagram,ontheitalicizedwords

increase,extendandexpandinthefollowingthreesentencesbasedontheconcept

ofdiscriminationofsynonyms.[a]Thecompanyhasdecidedtoincreaseitssales

bytenpercentnextyear.[b]Theowneroftherestaurantisgoingtoextend

thekitchenbytenfeetthisyear.[c]Themetalwillexpandifheated.

答案：

Synonymsmaydifferintherangeandintensityofmeaning.Somewordshave

awiderrangeofmeaningthanothers.Increase,extendandexpandshare

ageneralsensebuthavedifferentimplications.Eachofthethree

termsexpressesadifferentkindofenlargement.Thiscanbeillustratedby

thefollowinggraphs.

37、【问答题】Statetherolesofcontextindeterminationofwordmeaning.

Illustrateyourpointswithexamples.

答案：Contextplaysavitalroleinthefollowingthreeaspects.1)

EliminationofAmbiguity.Whenwordwithmultiplemeaningsisused

ininadequatecontext,itcreatesambiguity,e.g."Heisahard

businessman."Thewordhardinthiscontextcanmeanbothhardworkingand

'difficult'.Thecontextfailstonarrowdownthemeaningsothatitis

difficultforthereadertodecidewhatexactlythespeakermeans.2)

IndicationofReferents.Englishhasalargenumberofwordssuchasnow/then,

here/there,/you,this/that,whichareoftenusedtoreferdirectlytopeople,

time,place,etc.Withoutclearcontext,thereferencecanbeveryconfusing.

Forexample,thewordnowalwaysmeansthetimeofspeaking,naturallyrefeming

toapasttimewhenthespeechtookplaceinthepastorapresentmomentif

thepersonisspeaking.3)ProvisionofCluesforInferringWordMeaning

Contextmayproveextremelyyaluableinguessingthemeaningsofnewwords.

Contextcluesvaryagreatdealbutcanbesummedupasfollows:definition;

explanation;examplesynonymy;antonymy,hyponymy;relevantdetails;word

structure.

38、【填空题】Grammariansinsistthatawordbea____formthatcanfunctionin

asentence.

答案：free

39、【填空题】InmodernEnglish,wordendingsweremostlylostwithjustafew

exceptionsbecauseEnglishhasevolvedfromasyntheticlanguagetothe

present____language.

答案：analytic

40、【填空题】Themorphemescanbegroupedintofreemorphemesand____morphemes.

答案：bound

41、【填空题】New