2012年4月自考00832英语词汇学试题及答案含解析

英语词汇学年月真题

0083220124

1、【单选题】Wordsofthebasicwordstockdenotethemostcommonthingsand

phenomenaoftheworldaroundus.Whichofthefollowingwordsisrelatedtothe

naturalphenomena?

Father.

Fire.

A:

Evil.

B:

Old.

C:

答D:案：B

解析：对基础词汇的把握四个选项中，只有fire是与自然有关的词汇，因而选B。

2、【单选题】Thedifferencesbetweensoundandformareduetothefollowing

EXCEPT______.

thefactofmorephonemesthanlettersinEnglish

stabilizationofspellingbyprinting

A:

influenceoftheworkofscribes

B:

innovationsmadebylinguists

C:

答D:案：D

解析：该题考察的是词汇的声音和词形的关系。声音与形式本应该是一致的，但是，由于

三个理由：音与字母的不匹配，抄写者的失误，印刷术使得拼写固定下来。

3、【单选题】Thereare______functionalwordsinthefollowingsentence:Itis

funtoplaywithchildren.

3

4

A:

5

B:

6

C:

答D:案：A

解析：对functionalword的把握句子中functionalwords包括介词、连词、冠词等。

4、【单选题】Thesurvivinglanguagesfallintoeightprincipalgroups.Balto-

Slavic,Indo-Iranian,ArmenianandAlbanianbelongtotheset.()

Eastern

Southern

A:

Western

B:

Northern

C:

答D:案：A

5、【单选题】Withthegrowthof______,Britishtentaclesbeganstretchingoutto

everycorneroftheglobe,thusenablingEnglishtoabsorbwordsfromall

majorlanguagesoftheworld.

civilization

revolution

A:

colonization

B:

industrialization

C:

答D:案：C

6、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

EnglishismorecloselyrelatedtoGermanthanFrench.

ScandinavianlanguagesrefertoIcelandic,Norwegian,DanishandSwedish.

A:

OldEnglishvocabularywasinessenceGermanicwithasmallquantityof

B:

wordsborrowedfromLatinandScandinavian.

C:

MiddleEnglishabsorbedatremendousnumberofforeignwordsbutwith

littlechangeinwordendings.

D:

答案：D

7、【单选题】Theword“recollection”comprises______morpheme(s).

1

2

A:

3

B:

4

C:

答D:案：C

解析：正确辨析词素recollection包括词根collect、前缀re-和后缀-ion三部分。

8、【单选题】ThefollowingwordshaveinflectionalaffixesEXCEPT______.

happier

worker

A:

B:

harder

taller

C:

答D:案：B

解析：音素的分类worker中的er并无语法功能，而是将动词转化为名词，因此属于

derivationalaffix。

9、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingwordsisaroot?

International.

Nation.

A:

National.

B:

Internationalists.

C:

答D:案：B

解析：词根的辨析词根是指自己可以独立存在的不能再分割的最小语义单位，只有

nation符合不可分割的条件。

10、【单选题】TheexpansionofvocabularyinmodernEnglishdependschieflyon

______.

borrowing

semanticchange

A:

word-formation

B:

revivingarchaicwords

C:

答D:案：C

解析：造词法ABC选项分别是wordformation的一部分，只有C回答最为完整。

11、【单选题】Theword“brainstorming”belongsto______.

adjectivecompounds

nouncompounds

A:

verbcompounds

B:

adverbcompounds

C:

答D:案：B

12、【单选题】______doesnotgenerallychangetheword-classofthestembut

onlymodifiesitsmeaning.

Prefixation

A:

Suffixation

Affixation

B:

Derivation

C:

答D:案：A

13、【单选题】Awordisthecombinationofformand______.

spelling

pronunciation

A:

meaning

B:

sound

C:

答D:案：C

14、【单选题】______istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjective

worldinthehumanmind.

Reference

Concept

A:

Sense

B:

Motivation

C:

答D:案：B

解析：词语的意义可以从三个层面理解，前三个选项都是和意义有关的词语，第四个排

除，A选项指语言符号与客观世界的对应物，B选项指头脑中的认知，C选项指的是语言内

部的一种逻辑联系，因此B选项为答案。

15、【单选题】Themeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformingthecoreofword-

meaningis______.

grammaticalmeaning

lexicalmeaning

A:

conceptualmeaning

B:

associativemeaning

C:

答D:案：C

解析：含义的分类词汇最基础的那层含义，也就是字典中会收录的含义，是指词汇的

conceptualmeaning。

16、【单选题】Theoppositeofsemanticelevationinmeaningchangeiscalled

______.

derivation

deterioration

A:

purification

B:

pejoration

C:

答D:案：D

17、【单选题】Oneoftheinterestingfeaturesaboutalanguageisthatthereare

agreatmanymore______than______init.

hyponyms...homonyms

homonyms...hyponyms

A:

synonyms...antonyms

B:

antonyms...synonyms

C:

答D:案：C

18、【单选题】Relativesynonymsalsocalled______aresimilarornearlythesame

indenotation,butembracedifferentdegreesofagivenquality.

close-synonyms

respondent-synonyms

A:

near-synonyms

B:

dependent-synonyms

C:

答D:案：C

19、【单选题】Angel,martyrandparadisehavetheirmeaning______becauseofthe

influenceofChristianity.

elevated

degraded

A:

narrowed

B:

extended

C:

答D:案：A

解析：语义的改变Elevationorameliorationreferstotheprocessbywhich

wordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance.

20、【单选题】Word-meaningchangesbymodesofextension,narrowing,degradation,

elevationand______.

sense

reference

A:

B:

association

transfer

C:

答D:案：D

解析：语义改变的分类Word-meaningchangesbymodesofextension,narrowing,

degradation,elevation,andtransfer.

21、【单选题】Thewell-knownsemanticistUllmannnotes,“languageismore______

thancivilization,materialaswellasmoral.”

creative

conservative

A:

radical

B:

constructive

C:

答D:案：B

解析：语义的发展。语义发展是一个相对缓慢的过程。Conservative即保守，表示语言

在发展中，其实是落后与其它文化形式的发展的。

22、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthetypesofcontext?

Linguisticcontext.

Non-linguisticcontext.

A:

Extra-linguisticcontext.

B:

Intra-linguisticcontext.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：语境的分类严格意义上，并无intra-linguisticcontext这一说法。其它三项正

确。

23、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingmayNOTleadtoambiguity?

Grammaticalstructure.

Polysemy.

A:

Antonymy.

B:

Hyponymy.

C:

答D:案：C

24、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutlinguisticcontext?

Itcanbesubdividedintogrammaticalcontextandlexicalcontext.

A:

Itembracesthepeople,timeandplace.

Itreferstothewords,clauses,sentencesinwhichawordappears.

B:

Itmaycoveraparagraph,awholechapterandeventheentirebook.

C:

答D:案：B

25、【单选题】Theidiom“livebyone’spen”isa______asfarasfiguresof

speechareconcerned.

simile

metaphor

A:

metonymy

B:

personification

C:

答D:案：C

26、【单选题】“Cutanddriect”isanidiom______innature.

verbal

nominal

A:

adjectival

B:

adverbial

C:

答D:案：C

27、【单选题】Thechangeofidiom“Aroundpeginthesquarestofholes”from

theoriginalformis______.

dismembering

position-shifting

A:

addition

B:

shortening

C:

答D:案：A

解析：考点：习语的变化。dismembering分解.bybreakinguptheidiomsinto

pieces,anunusualcaseofuseofidiomsparticularlyinliteratureorpopular

presstoachievespecialeffect.通过把习语打碎这种不常见的习语用法，尤其是在文

学或者大众媒体中，以达到特殊的效果。“Aroundpeginthesquarestofholes”is

basedontheidiomof“asquarepeginaroundhole”,heredeliberately

transformedbytheauthortoemphasisthepointthatthepersoninquestionis

notintheleastfitforthejob.

28、【单选题】Accordingtothetextbook,thebest-knownunabridgeddictionaryis

______.

TheWordBookDictionary

TheEncyclopediaAmericana

A:

Webster’sNewWorldDictionary

B:

Webster’sThirdNewInternationalDictionary

C:

答D:案：D

解析：A、B、C三项所列的词典依次是大型词典、百科词典和案4词典。与A项相比,D

项所列词典更为有名。

29、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingdictionariesisNOTabilingualdictionary?

OxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionaryofCurrentEnglishwith

ChineseTranslation.

A:

ANewEnglish-ChineseDictionary.

LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbs.

B:

AChinese-EnglishDictionary(1995).

C:

答D:案：C

30、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutanAmericanDictionary?

ItisalwaysbetterthanaBritishdictionary.

Itcontainsmoreencyclopedicinformationinthemainbody.

A:

OnecanneverexpecttofindBritishusagesinit.

B:

Itincludesmoregrammaticalinformation.

C:

答D:案：B

解析：对Americandictionary的认识Americandictionariescontainmore

encyclopedicinformationinthemainbodythantheBritish.

31、【问答题】WhatarethethreeperiodsinviewofthedevelopmentofEnglish

vocabulary?

答案：Thethreeperiodsare.OldEnglish(450-1150);MiddleEnglish(1150-1500);

andmodernEnglish(1500-uptonow).

32、【问答题】Whatisthedifferencebetweenpartialandfullconversion?

Explainthemwithexamples.

答案：Itisnotunusualtohavenounsconvertedfromadjectives.Unlikeverbs,

notalladjectiveswhichareconvertedcanachieveafullnounstatus.Some

arecompletelyconverted,thusknownasfullconversion,othersareonly

partiallyconverted,hencepartialconversion.Anounfullyconvertedfroman

adjectivehasallthecharacteristicsofnouns.Itcantakeanindefinite

articleor-(e)stoindicatesingularorpluralnumber,suchasawhite,

valuable.Butnounspartiallyconvertedfromadjectivesdonotpossessallthe

qualitiesanounhas.Theymustbeusedtogetherwithdefinitearticle.They

retainsomeoftheadjectivefeatures,forinstance,thepoor,therich.

33、【问答题】Theword“happy”hastwodifferenttypesofantonymsatthesame

time,onebeingnegativeandtheotheropposite.Whatarethey?

答案：Twodifferenttypesofantonymsofwordhappyareunhappyandsad,one

beingnegativeandtheotheropposite.

34、【问答题】Canyoudeterminethemeaningsofthefollowingsentences?Explain

andmakesomealterationsinthecontextsoastopindownthemeaning.(a)The

fishisreadytoeat.(b)IlikeMarybetterthanJean.

答案：Theambiguityarisesfromgrammaticalstructure.(a)Itmaymean"The

fishiscookedorservedsoreadyforpeopletoeat"or"Thefishisreadyto

eatthings".However,inthecontextof"Whatanicesmell!Thefishisreadyto

eat",fishdefinitely-meanstheformer.(b)Itmaymean"IlikeMarybetter

thanIlikeJean"or"IlikeMarybetterthanJeanlikesMary".Toachieve

clarity,wecaneithersay"IlikeMarybetterthanJeandoes"or"likeMary

betterthanIdoJean""IlikeMarybetterasJeanisuntidy",etc.

35、【问答题】Commentonthefollowinggroupsofwordstoillustratesemantic

featuresandgrammaticalfeaturesofcompounds.Group1“agreenhand”,

“flowerpot”Group2“bad-mouth”,“new-borns”

答案：GroupItellsusthateverycompoundshouldexpressasingleideajust

asoneword,whichisoneofthesemanticfeaturesofcompoundsForexample,"a

greenhandmeans"aninexperiencedperson".Themeaningsofsuchexamples

cannotbeeasilyinferredfromthetwocomponentsofthecompounds.However,a

lotofcompoundsaretransparent,thatis,themeaningcanbeinferredfrom

theseparateelementsofcompounds-anothersemanticfeatureofcompounds.And

theelementsareinseparableandthechangeoftheelementwouldresultin

thelossoftheoriginalidentity.Forinstance,"flowerpot"means"potfor

growingplants".Group2revealsthegrammaticalfeaturesofcompoundsplaying

asinglegrammaticalroleinasentence,forexample,averb,anoun,oran

adjective.Bad-mouthusedasaverbcantakethethirdpersonsingular-sand

thepasttersemarker-ed,e.g."Hebad-mouthedme.New-borsisacompound

showingitspluralformbytakinginflectional-sattheend.

36、【问答题】Analyzeandcommentonthefollowingsentencesbasedonthe

conceptthatantonymsdifferinsemanticinclusion.［A］Howtallishissister?

［B］Howshortishissister?

答案：Sentence[A]includesthemeaningof[B].Theuseoftalldoesnot

excludethepossibilityofhissisterbeingveryshort.Sentence[B]ismuch

morerestrictedinsenseandisconsideredsemanticallyabnormalunlessthe

speakerisparticularlyinterestedintheshortnessofhissisterorcurious

enoughtofindouthowshorthissisteris.

37、【填空题】Awordisa______formofalanguagethathasagivensoundand

meaningandsyntacticfunction.

答案：free

38、【填空题】IntheMiddleEnglishperiod,theNormanConqueststarteda

continualflowof______wordsintoEnglish.

答案：French

39、【填空题】Thebasicformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithout

totallossofidentityiscalleda______.

答案：root

40、【填空题】Themethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixesis

called______.

答案：back-formation

41、【填空题】Wordssuchas“vicious,tyrant,determined,famous,notorious”

usuallyindicatethespeaker’sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestion.

Theyhave______meaninginthemselves.

答案：affective

解析：Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker'sattitudetowardstheperonor

thinginquestion.感情意义显示了言者对于正在讨论的人或事的态度。

42、【填空题】Awordwhichisrelatedtootherwordsisrelatedtothemin

______.

答案：sense

43、【填空题】Carwhichusedtobea“two-wheelcartdrawnbyhorsesandused

in______”hastakenonthemeaning“automobile”withthedevelopmentofmodern

carindustry.

答案：war

44、【填空题】Inthesentence“Copernicusbelievedinaheliocentricuniverse,

ratherthaninthegeo