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动词时态初中英语语法(1)

MissWu1/86英语词类:1、名词:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,2、代词:主要用来代替名词。如:who,she,you,it.3、形容词:表示人或事物性质或特征。如:good,right,white,orange.4、数词:表示数目或事物次序。如:one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am,is,are,have,see2/86.6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其它副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now,very,here,often7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a,an,the.8、介词(prep.):表示它后面名词或代词与其它句子成份关系。如in,on,from,above,.9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before.10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh,well,hi,hello.3/861、主语是句子所要说人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通惯用名词或代词担任。如:I’mMissGreen.2、谓语动词说明主语动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jackcleanstheroom.3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:MynameisPingping。4/864、宾语表示及物动词对象或结果,回答做是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:Hecanspelltheword.有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物叫直接宾语,指人叫间接宾语。间接宾语普通放在直接宾语前面。如:Hewroteme

aletter.有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前组成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:Hewrotealettertome.

5/86动词种类种类1.系动词2.助动词3.情态动词4.实义动词注:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,比如:Wearehavingameeting(having是实义动词)

HehasgonetoNewYork.(has是助动词。)3)动词依据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类:1.及物动词(vt.)2.不及物动词(vi.)5.Be动词6/86类别特点意义举例实义动词系动词助动词情态动词

一、按词义和句中作用,动词能够分为四类及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语才能表示完整意思Ihaveabook..不及物动词不能直接接宾语能独立作谓语Shealwayscomeslate.跟表语不能独立做谓语,跟表语组成完整意思Iamastudent.跟动词原形或分词(无意义)不能独立做谓语,跟主要动词组成谓语,表示疑问,否定及各种时态Hedoesn’tspeakChinese.IamwatchingTV.跟动词原形(有自己词汇意思)Wecandoitbyourselves.Thatwouldbebetter.不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态,无人称和数改变7/86二、按动词形式能够分为谓语动词和非谓语动词形式意义举例人称数时态语态语气1、谓语动词(以下)与主语在人称一致与主语在人称一致表示动作发生时间主语是动作发生者或者承受者说话人表示事实、要求、愿望等Iamreadingnow.第一人称Hewriteswell.第三人称单数Hewrotealettertomelastmonth.过去时态WestudyEnglish.主动Theroadwasfilledwithrubbish.被动HehasflowntoAmerica.事实IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.愿望8/862、非谓语动词形式意义用途举例不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词起形容词和名词作用可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语Ittakesme20minutestogotoschool起名词作用作主语和宾语Shelikesreading.起形容词、副词作用,表主动作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语ThecupisbrokenThesteamisseenrisingfromthewetclothes.起形容词、副词作用,表被动9/865.9非谓语动词

在句子中充当除谓语以外句子成份动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包含现在分词和过去分词)。

1)不定式:时态\语态主动被动普通式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone2)动名词:时态\语态主动被动普通式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone3)分词:时态\语态主动被动普通式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定形式:not+不定式,not+动名词,not+现在分词10/86be动词几个形式Am,is,arewas,werebeingbeen

be动词11/86助动词几个形式

do/don’t/(现)

does/doesn’t

(第三)

did/didn’t

will/won’t

have,haven’t(现)

has,hasn’t(第三)

hadhadn’t

(过)

助动词12/86助动词使用方法

对句子进行否定和疑问Doyougetupearlyeveryday?Ididn’t(没)havelunchyesterday.Willyoubebacksoon?Hehasn’t(没)finishedtheworkyet.在反意疑问句中Heworksinaschool,doesn’the?Shehasneverbeenthere,hasshe?在倒装句中Theyhelpedthefarmers,sodidwe.Iwon’tvisitthefamoussinger,neitherwillhe.13/865.2什么是助动词

1)帮助主要动词组成谓语动词词组词叫助动词(AuxiliaryVerb)。被帮助动词称作主要动词(MainVerb)。助动词本身没有词义,不可单独使用,比如:Hedoesn‘tlikeEnglish.(doesn’t是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)

2)

助动词帮助主要动词完成以下功用,能够用来:表示时态,比如:Heissinging.Hehasgotmarried.表示语态,比如:HewassenttoEngland.组成疑问句,比如:Doyoulikecollegelife?

DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?

是否定副词not适用,比如:Idon‘tlikehim.

加强语气,Docometothepartytomorrowevening.Hedidknowthat.

3)

最惯用助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would

14/865.3助动词be使用方法

1)be+现在分词,组成进行时态,比如:Theyarehavingameeting.Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.2)be+过去分词,组成被动语态ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.3)be+动词不定式,a.表示最近、未来计划或安排,比如:HeistogotoNewYorknextweek..

Wearetoteachthefreshpersons.说明:这种使用方法也能够说成是一个未来时态表示法。b.表示命令,Youaretoexplainthis.Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.c.征求意见,HowamItoanswerhim?Whoistogothere?d.表示相约、约定Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrow

15/865.5助动词do使用方法

1)

组成普通疑问句.DoyouwanttopasstheCET?

DidyoustudyGerman?你们学过德语吗?2)do+not组成否定句

Idonotwanttobecriticized.Hedoesn'tliketostudy.Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.3)组成否定祈使句,Don'tgothere.不要去那里。

Don'tbesoabsent-minded.这么心不在焉。

说明:组成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词语气,比如:

Docometomybirthdayparty.

Ididgothere.Idomissyou.我确实想你。

16/865)用于倒装句,比如:NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.说明:引导这类倒装句副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。6)用作代动词,比如:

----DoyoulikeBeijing?--你喜欢北京吗?

----Yes,Ido.--是,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替likeBeijing.)

Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesn'the?

他知道怎样开车,对吧?

17/86特殊疑问句:疑问词+

do/does+主语+v.+其它?e.g.Whatdoyouwant?(she)

Whatdoesshewant?Whattimedoyouhavelunch?

Whattimedoesshehavelunch?Whatdoyoudo?

Whatdoesshedo?Howdoyouspellit?(he)

Howdoeshespellit?HowdoyoulikeChinesefood?

HowdoeshelikeChinesefood?Howmanytomatoesdoyouwant?

Howmanytomatoesdoeshewant?Howdoyougotowork?(yourfather)

Howdoesyourfathergotowork?

18/865.7助动词should,would使用方法

1)should无词义,只是shall过去形式,与动词原形组成过去未来时,只用于第一人称,比如:ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.比较:

"WhatshallIdonextweek?"Iasked.(能够说,shall变成间接引语时,变成should。)2)would也无词义,是will过去形式,与动词原形组成过去未来时,用于第二、第三人称,比如:Hesaidhewouldcome.比较:

"Iwillgo,"hesaid.他说:"我要去那儿。"变成间接引语,就成了:Hesaidhewouldcome.原来will变成would,go变成了come.。19/865.6助动词shall和will使用方法

shall和will作为助动词能够与动词原形一起组成普通未来时,比如:IshallstudyharderatEnglish.HewillgotoShanghai.说明:在过去语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will只用于第二、第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中,will惯用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词意义,已变为情态动词,试比较:

Heshallcome.(shall有命令意味。)

Hewillcome.(will只与动词原形组成普通未来时。)20/865.4助动词have使用方法

1)have+过去分词,组成完成时态比如:HehasleftforLondon2)have+been+现在分词,组成完成进行时

IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。3)have+been+过去分词,组成完成式被语态比如:EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年。

21/86情态动词

解释can/could在表示请求允许时候二者和交换,could比can语气更委婉。CanIhelpyou?Couldyouopenthewindow?在表示有能力作某事时,could是can过去式。Icanswim.Icouldswimattheageoffive.第三)22/86情态动词1.can/beableto:能够2.may:能够3.must/haveto:不得不4.will:愿意5.shall/oughtto:应该6.had/better:最好7.need:需要8.dare:勇于情态动词23/865)haveto与must区分:

haveto表示客观需要,有人称和数改变;

must表示主观需要,没有人称和数改变。例:(1)Hemustgonow.(2)Hehastostayathome.(3)I_____gohomenow,Ithink.(4)Theweatherisbad.I_______stayathome.musthaveto24/86系动词

我们所学过系动词是变成类get,turn,become,make感观动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel似乎类seemappear

保持类staykeep系动词只和形容词连用,组成系表结构Ifeelhungry.Thedaygetslongerandlonger.Helookedhappy.25/865.1系动词

系动词亦称联络动词(LinkVerb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),组成系表结构说明主语情况、性质、特征等情况…说明:

有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表示实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,比如:

Hefellillyesterday.(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)

Hefellofftheladder.

fell是实义动词,单独作谓语26/861)状态系动词

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,比如:Heisateacher(is与补足语一起说明主语身份。)2)连续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况或态度,主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,比如:

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一个谜。3)表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,比如:

Helookstired.他看起来很累。

Heseems(tobe)verysad.他看起来很难过27/86实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notionalverb)、连系动词(linkverb)、情态动词(modalverb)和助动词(auxiliaryverb)四类。1)实义动词实义动词有完全词义,并能独立作谓语动词。如:In1977thePeople’sRepublicofChinacelebratedits28thanniversary.(一九七七年中华人民共和国庆贺建国二十八周年)HelikestogoforalongwalkonSundays.(他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步)WehaveaTVsetintheclubofour-productionteam.(我们生产队俱乐部有架电视机)28/862)连系动词连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得、变成),appear(显得),remain(依旧是)等。如:Itisnevertoolatetomend.(改过不嫌晚)Itwasaclosegame.(那场球赛比分很靠近)Thechildreninthisnurserylookveryhealthy.(这个托儿所孩子看起来都非常健康)Keepquiet,please!(请平静)Thetaperecorderseemsallright.(这架录音机好象没有毛病)ShebecameamemberoftheCommunistPartyduringtheAnti-JapaneseWar.(她在抗日战争期间入了党)Theproblemremainedunsolveduntillastyear.(问题到去年才处理)29/864)感官系动词..感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,比如:Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.这朵花闻起来很香5)改变系动词..这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,改变系动词主有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.比如:Hebecamemadafterthat.

Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6)终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turnout,表示"证实","变成"之意,比如:Therumorprovedfalse.Thesearchproveddifficult.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他计划终于成功了。(turnout表终止性结果)

30/86注:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用不及物动词。比如:Shecandanceandsing.(sing作不及物动词)

ShecansingmanyEnglishsong(sing用作及物动词)4)依据是否受主语人称和数限制:限定动词2.非限定动词.比如:Shesingsverywell)

(sing受主语she限制

ShewantstolearnEnglishwell.

(tolearn不受主语she限制,没有词形改变,是非限定动词。)31/867.2限定动词和非限定动词从是否被主语所限定来分,动词有限定动词和非限定动词1)限定动词限定动词用作句子谓语动词,并被主语所限定,有些人称和数改变。如:Heisatractordriver.(他是一个拖拉机手)Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.(我们朋友遍天下)32/862)非限定动词:在句子里都不能单独,作谓语动词,故不被主语所限定,没有人称和数改变。如:Iampleasedtomeetyou.(我很高兴与你相识)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(吸烟对身体有害)WearemarchingforwardalongtheroadpointedoutbytheParty.(我们正沿着党指出道路前进)pointed为分词。33/86三种非限定动词非限定动词1.动词不定式2.动名词3.分词34/86实义动词做非谓语动词使用方法(指出现在谓语动词之后动词,它受前面谓语动词限制)动词会有三种形式:原型(do)动名词(doing)不定式(todo)

35/86实义动词用动名词:likedoingenjoydoingfinishdoing介词之后用动名词begoodatdoingwhataboutdoingthankyoufordoing

36/86实义动词

用不定式:wanttododecidetodoplantodowouldliketodolearntodotellsb.(not)todoasksb.(not)todo37/865.8短语动词

动词加小品词组成起动词作用短语叫短语动词。比如:Turnofftheradio.把收音机关上。(turnoff是短语动词)

短语动词组成基本有以下几个:

1)动词+副词,如:blackout;

2)动词+介词,如:lookinto;

3)动词+副词+介词,如:lookforwardto。组成短语动词副词和介词都统称为小品词38/86英语动词五种基本形式及改变规则1原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词workworksworkedworkedworkingwritewriteswrotewrittenwritinghavehashadhadhavingdodoesdiddonedoing

39/86动词时态结构歌谣普通现在时,动词用原型;普通时单数三人称,动词加“s”

。普通过去时,动词加“ed”。Iwork.Heworks.Iworked.40/86现在进行时,进行时例句:Iamworking.过去进行时,am,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ing。例句:Iwasworking.41/86未来时普通未来时,would加原型。过去未来时,will加原型。Iwillwork.Iwouldwork.42/86完成时现在完成时,have/has加过分。Ihaveworked.过去完成时,had加过分。Ihadworked.43/86各种时态使用方法一、普通现在时1.使用方法:A.现在经常性动作或状态 B.客观事实和真理。2.标志词:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year/…1.Theboyusually___(get)toschoolearly.gets2.Light______(travel)fasterthansound.travels44/86普通现在时动词是第三人称单数时,要加“s”work-works辅音字母和“y”结尾词,如carry-carries以s、x、ch、sh结尾加“es”,如wash-washesgo-goesdo-doeshave-has

45/86ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclotheseveryday.Sometimeshe________(play)basketballoverthere.Howoften____Sally______(sing)?washplaysdoessing46/861.be

动词普通现在时句式:

必定句:主语+be+表语1.Heisaworker.2.Youarethirteen.

3.Theyareintheclassroom.

否定句:主语+be+not+表语1.Heisnotaworker.

2.Youaren’tthirteen.

3.Theyaren’tintheclassroom.

普通疑问句:Be+主语+表语?1.一Isheaworker?一Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.2一.Aretheyintheclassroom?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语?

Whatishe?Howoldareyou?Wherearethey?47/86二、普通过去时1.使用方法:过去动作或状态。2.标志词:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,lastnight/week/month…,inthepast;justnow=amomentago点击中考LiMingdidn’tunderstandwhatAmericanpeoplesaid,_____?(北京市中考)A.couldn’the B.couldhe C.didn’the D.didhe48/86b)动词改变规则

规则改变1.直接加ed:work——workedlook——lookedplay——played,2.以e结尾单词,直接加d:live——livedhope——hopeduse——used,3以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加ed:study——studiedcarry——carriedworry——worried,4以元音字母+y结尾,直接加ed:enjoy——enjoyedplay——played5以重读闭音节结尾,双写最终辅音字母+ed:stop——stoppedplan——planned49/86动词-ed形式组成:在动词后加-ed以字母e结尾动词,只+d“辅音字母+y”,变y为i,再+ed重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾,双写+edwantanswermovediecarrycrystopplanwantedmoveddiedcarriedcriedstoppedplannedanswered50/86不规则过去分词getgoeataredocutsaygotgottenwentgoneateeatencutcutwerebeendiddonesaidsaid51/86不规则过去分词takeswimdrinkhavecomeputseetooktakenswamswumdrankdrunkputputhadhadcamecomesawseen52/86不规则改变:make-made-mademay-mightmean-meant-meantmeet-met-metmust-mustpay-paid-paidput-put-putwrite-wrote-writtenwin-won-won53/861.Theoldman_____twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.

A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied

2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon______tohisoldways.

A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned

3.I_____myson_____adoctor,buthewasn’tgoodenoughatscience.

A.hoped;wouldbecome B.hadhoped;wouldbecome

C.hadhoped;willbecome D.hope;willbecome

4.I_____totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.

A.hopeB.havehoped C.hadhopedD.hoped

5.Helen_____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comes B.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;came D.hadleft;wouldcome

54/86ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesyesterday.Thedaybeforeyesterdayhe________(play)basketballoverthere._____Sally______(sing)twohoursago?washedplayedDidsing55/86三、现在进行时1.使用方法:A.现刻动作:当前正在发生动作。B.现阶段动作:当前一个时期一直在进行动作,此刻不一定在进行。2.标志词:now,Look!Listen!中考模拟:--Mike,who____footballintheyard?--Letmegoandsee.(顺义)A.hasplayed B.willplay C.wasplaying D.isplaying56/86普通在动词原形后+ing以不发音e结尾,去e,+ing重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾,双写这一字母+ing动词-ing形式组成:writingtakinggettingrunningswimminggoinggoaskwritetakegetrunswimasking57/86ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesnow.Look!He________(play)basketballoverthere.Listen!______Sally_______(sing)?arewashingisplayingIssinging58/861.Look!What___thechildren___overthere?2.Thoseworkers____herethesemonths.A.arework B.areworked C.work D.areworkingA.are;do B.are;doing C.is;do D.isdoing3.--How__you___alongwithyourworkmates?--Verywell.A.do;get B.will;getC.can;getD.are;getting4.--MustIwatertheflowersnow?--No,youneedn’t.Jack_____them.A.iswatering B.watering C.waters D.iswatered59/86注意A.有几个瞬间动词能够用现在进行时表未来,如:begin,start,come,go,leave。1.--Lucy!Wouldyouliketogivemeahand?--OK.I____.A.willcome B.come C.amcoming D.wouldcome2.--When____you____forToronto?--Tomorrow.A.do;leave B.are;leaving C.will;leaving D.shall;leave60/86Theboy____always____us!(夸赞)A.is;helping B.does;helpC.can;help D./;helpB.现在进行时和always连用,表示说话人较强烈感情色彩。You____always_____thesamemistake!(责备)A.do;make B.does;makeC.is;making D.are;making61/86四、过去进行时1.使用方法:过去某时正在进行动作。2.标志词:atthattime,thistimeyesterday,then,when…1.Father______whenI_____yesterdaymorning.A.stillslept,gotupB.wasstillsleeping,gotupC.issleeping,gotupD.sleeps,getup2.She___applesinhergardenwhenI____toseeheryesterday.A.picked,went B.waspicking,wentC.picked,wasgoing D.waspicking,wasgoing62/86五、普通未来时1.使用方法:未来动作或状态。2.结构:willshallbegoingto

3.标志词:tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,inthreedays,in(the)future,nextweek/month/term…,fromnowon+V.(原型)(第一人称)63/862.标志词:

already,just,yet,ever,never,sofar(tillnow/uptonow),recently,inthepast3years,before,since+时间点,for+时间段64/864.shall/will/begoingto之间区分:

1计划决定要做某事,普通用begoingtodo结构。shall往往用于第一人称疑问句,will可用于任何人称。2will惯用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。365/861.There___twomeetingstomorrowafternoon.A.aregoingtobe B.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe D.willhave2.Thetwins____tothecinemawiththeirparentstonight.A.willgo B.wouldgo C.arego D.went3.---When____wehavethemeeting?---At8.A.are B.shall C.would D.will4.--When___you___forLondon?--Nextweek.A.will;leaving B.are;leaving C.shall;leave D.have;left66/86六、过去未来时1.使用方法:从过去看将要发生动作。2.结构:wouldwas/were/goingto+v.(原型)1.--Whatdidhesayyesterday?--Hesaidhe____toSydneynextweek.A.goes B.willgo C.wouldgo D.aregoing2.--DidyoursonfailhisEnglishexamonceagain?--Yes,buthetoldmehe____hardnextterm.A.studies B.isstudying C.willstudy D.wouldstudy试题:67/861.使用方法: 12七、现在完成时现在完成时过去现在影响:作业都做完了,我能出去玩会儿吗?这该死!我都等了一个小时了,他怎么还不来?过去动作对现在影响。I

havefinished

myhomework.

过去动作连续到现在。Ihavestayedhereforanhour!68/86ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesforanhour.He________(play)basketballsincethreeyearsago.Howlong_____Sally______(sing)yet?havewashedhasplayedhassung69/866.现在完成时(4)注:上常见有:come-be,goout-beout,leave-beaway(from),begin-beon,buy-have,borrow-keep,join-beamember/介词短语,die-bedead,become-be,open(v.)-beopen(adj.)等。for+时间段since+过去某一时刻a.*“终止”、“延续”要转换b.*时间“点”、“段”须分清70/863.现在完成时和普通过去时异同点: 共同点:动作都在过去。

不一样点:和现在有没有关系。(与现在相关过去动作用现在完成,与现在无关过去动作用普通过去。)4.易错点:121havegoneto+地点,表示“去了某地”。(人已走,还未回。只用于第三人称。)TheyhavegonetoEurope.(Theyarenothere.)71/86havebeento+地点,表示“去过某地”。(人已回)IhavebeentoEurope.(IamnotinEuropenow.)3havebeenin+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”。IhavebeeninEuropeforthreeweeks.(IamnowstillinEurope.)272/865.瞬间动词和延续性动词若句中出现时间段,则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系以下:begin/startbeongotherebethereleavebeawaygethomebehomediebedeadopenbeopenjoinbein/beamemberofclosebeclosedgettoknowknowgetmarriedbemarriedborrowkeepcomeherebeherebuyhave73/861.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.2.Theyleftanhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.6.Hecamehereanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.9.Theygottoknow10yearsago.10.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.11.Iboughtthecarayearago.Thefilm_________for5minutes.They____________foranhour.Theman___________foraweek.He__________theclubfor3days.They_______________for10years.He_______heresinceanhourago.Jack_______homefor2hours.Thedoor_______openforawhile.They__________since10yearsago.I_________thebookforaweek.I________thecarsinceayearago.hasbeenonhavebeenawayhasbeendeadhasbeeninhavebeenmarriedhasbeenhasbeenhasbeenhaveknownhavekepthavehad74/861.--Whatanicebike!Howlong____you____it?--Justtwoweeks.(北京市中考)A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had2.--Howlonghaveyou____here?--Since1997.A.arrived B.movedC.come D.lived3.--Ican’tfindmypen.____you____itanywhere?--No.Look!What’sthatunderyourbook?A.Have;seen B.Do;see C.Did;seeD.Had;seen4.--I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.--Oh,notatall.I__hereforonlyafewminutes.A.willbe B.was C.am D.havebeen5.Iwon’tgotoseethefilmbecauseI____theticket.(河南)A.lost B.havelost C.willlostD.didn’tlost75/86八、过去完成时1.使用方法:发生在过去过去动作。

They

hadgotmarried

whenhecameback.

gotmarriedcameback现在过去过去过去我来晚了!没希望了!终于结婚了!好幸福呀!现在完成时76/862.标志词:bytheendof…,bythetime…,when+普通过去时

过去完成时是一个相对存在时态,判定时必须依据上下文找到一个能够作为参考点过去时间,在此参考点前发生动作都能够用过去完成时。注意:1.We____learning1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.A.finished B.havefinished C.hadfinished D.finish2.Thetrain____whenwegottothestation.A.leaves B.haveleft C.wereleaving D.hadleft3.Bythetimehereturned,hisson____supper.A.cooksB.hadcookedC.hascooked D.wascooking77/86时态综合试题1.Sorry,I____tohelpyouatten.Iwasbusyatthemoment.A.won'tcome B.can'tcomeC.didn'tcome D.shouldn'tcome2.He_______thispenforfiveyears.He______itin1997.A.hasbought,bought.B.bought,boughtC.haskept,hasbought D.hashad,bought3.She_________theflowersinthegardenwhenI_________toseeheryesterday.A.watered,went B.waswatering,wentC.watered,wasgoing D.waswatering,wasgoing4.Idon'tknowifmyfriend_________.Ifhe_________,I'llletyouknow.A.comes,comes B.comes,willcomeC.willcome,comes D.willcome,willcome5.Johnsaidhe_________supper.Hewasquitefull.A.hadhadB.washaving C.had D.haseaten78/866.There_________twopartiesnextweek.A.aregoingtobe B.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe D.willhave7.It______10yearssinceI______here.A.is,come B.is,havecomeC.was,came D.is,came8.--Katelikeseatingchocolate.--____.Look,sheiseating.(十堰市)A.SoLucydoes B.SodoesLucy C.Sotheydo D.Sodothey9.Kate_________tobeduntilhermother_________back.A.won'tgo,come B.hadn'tgone,cameC.went,came D.didn'tgo,came10.Hisbrother_________fromhomeforalongtime.A.hasleft B.hasbeenawayC.left D.willleave11.--Lucy,___you____yourticket?--Notyet.(河北省)A.did;find B.have;found C.has;found D.do;find79/8612.--____totheUnitedStates?(安徽)

--No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.Haveyoubeen B.HaveyougoneC.Didyougo D.Haveyouwent13.Themanwholivedontheislandthoughthe___never____.(广州)A.will;found B.would;befound C.is;found B.had;beenfound14.--Idon’tknowifhisuncle____.--Ithinkhe___ifitdoesn’train.(重庆)A.willcome;comes B.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comes D.comes;willcome15.--Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,__?--No,shegotuptoolate.(河北)A.hads

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