2021-2023年高考英语真题分项解读及变式汇编10 阅读理解A篇真题变式题（乙卷解析版）

2023年高考真题变式题分类汇编

专题10阅读理解A篇真题变式题(全国Z卷)

[2023年高考真题】

PRACTITIONERS

JacquelineFelicedeAlmania(c.1322)highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingmedicinefaced.Born

toaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.In

1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(证明)ofherabilityasa

doctor,shewasbannedfrommedicine.

JamesBarry(c.1789—1865)wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,dressedasaman,shewasaccepted

byEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,thenjoinedtheBritishArmy,

servingoverseas.Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasa

man.

TanYunxian(1461—1554)wasaChinesephysicianwholearnedherskillsfromhergrandparents.Chinese

womenatthetimecouldnotserveapprenticeships(学徒期)withdoctors.However,Tanpassedtheofficialexam.

Tantreatedwomenfromallwalksoflife.In1511,Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,describingher

lifeasaphysician.

RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollege

inBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.She

movedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.

1.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveincommon?

A.Doingteachingjobs.B.Beinghiredasphysicians.

C.Performingsurgery.D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.

2.HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitioners?

A.Shewroteabook.B.Shewentthroughtrials.

C.Sheworkedasadentist.D.Shehadformaleducation.

3.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?

A.JacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.

C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.

【答案】1.C2.A3.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。

1.细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“BomtoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswhereshe

workedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.（她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科

手术）”以及第二部分中的“Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813（她获得了做外科医生的资格）"和"Barryretired

in1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.（Barry于1859年退休，她

以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业）”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科

手术。故选C。

2.推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第三部分中的“Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,

describingherlifeasaphysician.（Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》,描述了她作为一名医生的生活）''可推知，

Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。

3.细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomanto

receiveamedicaldegree.（四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性）“可知，RebeccaLeeCrumpler

是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。

【高考真题变式题1】

Womenareequallyresponsibleforthegrowthofafree,modemsociety.Here'salookatsomeoutstanding

womenwhomadegreatcontributionstoworldhistory.

MariaSibyllaMerian

Today,childrencanexplainhowacaterpillar（毛毛虫）turnsintoabutterfly（蝴蝶）.Buttherewasatime

whennooneknewthis—notevenscientists.ThankstoMariaSibyllaMerian,weknowthetruthaboutthese

beautifulwingedinsects.Merianwasfascinatedbyinsects,andshebegancollecting,studying,anddrawingthem

whenshewasasyoungas13.Itwasthroughherstudyofcaterpillarsthatshediscoveredthetruthabouttheirlife

cycles.

BerylMarkham

BerylMarkhamwasquiteincredibleinnotjustaviation（航空）butseveralotherindustries,includinghorse

racing.In1936,atage33,MarkhambecamethefirstwomantoflyacrosstheAtlanticalonefromtheeasttothe

west,nonstop.Thepilotplayedaroleintheclassicbest-sellingnovelandfilm,OutofAfrica,andhadmany

biographiespennedabouthertalentsandlife.

MadamC.J.Walker

MadamCJ.Walkerdevelopedaconditionthatcausedhertoloseherhair,andwithit,aninterestinhaircare.

Shebeganworkingforblackhaircareentrepreneur（企业家）AnnieTurnboMalone.Eventually,Walkerbegan

makingandmarketingherownhaircareproductsdesignedforAfrican-Americanwomen.Hercompany

developedintothesuccessfulMadamC.J.WalkerManufacturingCompany.Sheiswidelyrecognizedas

America'sfirstblackfemaleself-mademillionaire.

HedyLamarr

YoumightknowHedyLamarrfromthesilverscreen;shestarredinmanyfilms.Butherfilmcareerisfar

fromheronlyachievement;shewasalsoabrilliantinventor.In1942,shereceivedapatentforaninventionthat

couldchangeradiosignalfrequencies.Itpavedthewayformuchofthewirelesstechnologyweusetoday.

4.Whohadalotofenthusiasmforthestudyofinsects?

A.HedyLamarrB.BerylMarkham

C.MadamC.J.WalkerD.MariaSibyllaMerian

5.WhatmadeMadamC.J.Walkerbegintofocusonthehaircare?

A.Herlosingherhair.

B.Atypeofhaircareproduct.

C.AnnieTumboMalone'ssuccess.

D.HerwishtohelpAfricanAmericans.

6.WhatisspecialaboutHedyLamar?

A.ShewasthefirstwomantoflyacrosstheAtlanticalone.

B.Shewasbothafilmstarandaninventor.

C.Shewasasuccessfulbusinesswoman.

D・Shewasabest-sellingwriter.

【答案】4.D5.A6.B

【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四位杰出女性。

4.细节理解题。根据MariaSibyllaMerian部分中的“Merianwasfascinatedbyinsects,andshebegan

collecting,studying,anddrawingthemwhenshewasasyoungas13.（梅里安对昆虫非常着迷，她在13岁时就

开始收集、研究和绘制昆虫。）“可知，MariaSibyllaMerian酷爱研究昆虫。故选D。

5.推理判断题。根据MadamCJ.Walker部分中的"MadamC.J.Walkerdevelopedaconditionthatcaused

hertoloseherhair,andwithit,aninterestinhaircare.（C.J.沃克夫人患上了一种疾病，导致她失去了头发，

同时也使她对护发产生了兴趣。）”可知，MadamC.J.Walker掉发严重，因此对护发产生了兴趣。故选A。

6.细节理解题。根据HedyLamarr部分中的"Butherfilmcareerisfarfromheronlyachievement.shewas

alsoabrilliantinventor.（但她的电影生涯远不是她唯一的成就。她也是一位杰出的发明家。）“可知，Hedy

Lamarr不仅是电影明星而且是发明家。故选B。

【高考真题变式题2】

Manypeoplehaveasweettooth.Herearesomepopulartypesofcandyforthem.

PopRocks

PopRocksdiffersfromtypicalhardcandybecauseitdissolvesinthemouthwithpopping.Itwasinventedby

WilliamA.Mitchell,afoodscientistatGeneralFoods.Whiletryingtodesignaninstantsoftdrink,heputsome

sugarflavoringmixedwithcarbondioxideinhismouth.Theexplodingcandybecameaculturalphenomenon

afterithitthemarket.

MilkDuds

MilkDudsareacaramel（焦糖）ball,coveredwithachocolatecoatingmadefromcocoaandvegetableoil.

Theywerecreatedin1928.In2008,theHersheyCompanychangedtheingredients（原料）ofsomeofitsproducts

toreplacetherelativelyexpensivecocoabutter.Thiswasdonetomaintainthecurrentproductprice,ratherthan

havingtoraisethepricesofproductscontainingcocoabutter.Italsochangedthepackaginganddescriptionofthe

products.

Riesen

RiesenwasGermany'sveryfirstcandybrand.Itwascreatedinthe1930sandquicklybecameapopular

candyduetoitsattractivecarameltaste.Thesecretliesintherichcaramelfilling,whichiscoveredbyathick

layerofdarkchocolate.Itsfansallovertheworldstilllovetheparticularlychocolatytaste.

Starburst

Starburstisthebrandnameofatypeofbox-shapedsofttaffycandy.Itwasinventedaround1960bythe

WrigleyCompany,andtheownerofitisMars.Thiscandyhasdifferentflavorslikethestrawberry,orange,cherry,

andlemon.IthasmanyvarietieslikeTropical,Sour,StrawberryMix,BerriesandCreme,andCandyCorn.

7.WhatcanbeknownaboutPopRocks?

A.Itwasinventedbyaccident.

B.Vegetableoilismainlyusedinmakingit.

C.Itreceivedanegativemarketresponseatfirst.

D.Therichcaramelfillingmakesitwidelypraised.

8.WhydidtheHersheyCompanychangetheingredientsofitsproducts?

A.Toattractyoungpeople.

B•Togiveextraflavortothem.

C.Tointroducelow-caloriesweets.

D.Toavoidpricechangesbycontrollingcosts

9.Whichkindofcandybestsuitspeoplewholovefruitaccordingtothetext?

A.Riesen.B.Starburst.C.PopRocks.D.MilkDuds

【答案】7.A8.D9.B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种受欢迎的糖果品牌。

7.推理判断题。根据PopRocks标题下“Whiletryingtodesignaninstantsoftdrink,heputsomesugar

flavoringmixedwithcarbondioxideinhismouth.^^（在尝试设id种速溶软饮料时，他把一些混合了二氧化

碳的糖调味剂放进了嘴里。）可知，发明者是想要发明饮料时，偶然发明了跳跳糖。故选A项。

8.细节理解题。根据MilkDuds标题下“In2008,theHersheyCompanychangedtheingredients（原料）of

someofitsproductstoreplacetherelativelyexpensivecocoabutter.^^（2008年，好时公司改变了一些产品的原

料，以取代相对昂贵的可可脂。）可知，公司改变产品原料是为了替代相对昂贵的可可脂，从而在控制成

本的基础上维持产品原有的价格。故选D项。

9.细节理解题。根据Starburst标题下“IthasmanyvarietieslikeTropical,Sour,StrawberryMix,Berriesand

Creme,andCandyCorn.^^（它有许多品种，如热带、酸味、草莓混合物、浆果和奶油，以及糖果玉米。）可

知，Starburst最适合喜欢水果口味的人。故选B项。

【高考真题变式题3】

TakeActionforaBetterWorld:VolunteersNeeded

Sixmonths5preparationinDenmark:Africastudies,teamworkcombinedwithsocialworkwithriskgroup

teenagers.

Sixmonths9communityworkinMalawiinPeopletoPeopleProjects:ChildAid,HIV/AIDSFightsand

TeacherTraining.

Qualifications:18yearsold,hardworkingandsocialengagement

Pleasecontactusbye-mail:takeaction@

Part-timeWorkwithExchangeStudents

YOUTHInternationalisanon-profithighschoolforeignexchangestudentorganization.Wewelcome

teenagersfromover80countriesworldwideandprovidehostfamilies.TheCommunityRepresentativeisa

part-timepositiondesignedforpeoplewithastrongdesiretodosomethingrewardinginthecommunityandearn

someextramoney.

Applicantsbestsuitedforthisworkshouldenjoyteenagers,haveastronginterestincross-cultural

communicationandfeelcomfortablenetworking.Fulltrainingandsupportwillbeprovidedthroughbranch

officesthroughouttheUS.Positionsavailableinmoststates.

Ifinterested,pleasee-mailstaff@orcall888-123-9872.

InternationalSummerJob

Hi,I'manESLstudentinChina.I'm20,quietandpolite,andIspeakreasonableEnglish.I'mlookingfora

summerjobinanEnglish-speakingcountry.IcanteachChineseordohouseandgardenworkandcookChinese

dishes.Cananybodyoffermeajob?Idon'tneedtoearnmuch,justenoughintwomonths(July-August)topayfor

myreturntickettoChina.MygoalistoimprovemyEnglishandseeabitmoreoftheworld.

Mye-mailis:ram3462@.

CallforNativeSpeakerofEnglish

IamlookingfornativespeakersofEnglishtojoininanexperiment.Thisexperimentiscarriedoutoverthe

Internet.Youdon'tneedanyspecificknowledgeotherthanunderstandingandspeakingEnglishatanativelevel.

Thefirsttaskwilltakeyouaround15minutes.Afterthistask,youcandecidewhetheryouwanttocontinuethe

experiment.Thetasksinvolvereadingtextsanddesigningquestionsandanswers.

Ifyouarewillingtohelpme,thenpleasee-mailus:club3804@.

10.WherewillJack,avolunteer,receivethetrainingbeforeheissenttoworkinMalawi?

A.InsomelocalofFicesintheUS.

B.InanESLorganizationinChina.

C.InanexchangestudentcentreinAfrica.

D.InapreparationprograminDenmark.

11.WhoismostlikelytoworkasaCommunityRepresentativeinYOUTHInternational?

A.OnewhohasastrongdesiretoimprovehisorherEnglish.

B.Onewhohopestotakeactioninfightingagainstdiseases.

C.Onewhoenjoysworkingwithteenagersfromdifferentcountries.

D.Onewhowantstoearnsomepocketmoneyintheprogram.

12.WhatarevolunteersforanexperimentovertheInternetsupposedtodo?

A.Toprovidelanguageexercises.

B.Todosomehousework.

C.ToofferadviceonChildAid.

D.Tointerviewpeopleonline.

【答案】io.D11.C12.A

【导语】本文是招聘广告，介绍了四则招聘广告TakeActionforaBetterWorld:VolunteersNeeded>

Part-timeworkwithExchangeStudents>InternationalSummerJob>CallforNativeSpeakerofEnglish的具体

信息。

10.细节理解题。根据第一部分中“Sixmonths9preparationinDenmark:Africastudies,teamwork

combinedwithsocialworkwithriskgroupteenagers.（在丹麦6个月的准备工作：非洲研究，团队合作与风险

群体青少年的社会工作相结合）”可知，志愿者杰克在被派往马拉维工作之前将在丹麦参加一个准备工作。

故选D。

11.推理判断题。根据第二部分中“YOUTHInternationalisanon-profithighschoolforeignexchange

studentorganization.Wewelcometeenagersfromover80countriesworldwideandprovidehostfamilies.（国际青

年是一个非营利性的高中外国交换学生组织。我们欢迎来自全球80多个国家的青少年，并提供寄宿家庭）”

可知，一个喜欢和来自不同国家的青少年一起工作的人最有可能成为国际青年组织的社区代表。故选A。

12.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中"Thetasksinvolvereadingtextsanddesigningquestionsand

answers.（这些任务包括阅读课文和设计问题和答案）”可知，在互联网上做实验的志愿者应该提供语言练习。

故选Ao

【高考真题变式题4】

4BestPlacestoTravelin2023

2023istheyearwhentravelreturnsinabigway.Togetyoustarted,we'veroundedupsomeofthebest

placestotravelin2023.Allyouneedtodoispicktheplacethatappealstoyou.

Copenhagen

Withitsfantastichouses,cleanstreetsandcolorfularchitecture,Copenhagenisregardedasthemostlivable

cityontheearth.NamedtheWorldCapitalofArchitecturefor2023,Copenhagenwillofferaseriesofmajor

artisticeventsandprogramssuretodelightarchitectsanddesignlovers.

Bhutan

Fortravelerswithasenseofadventureandaloveofdiscovery,Bhutanhasalwaysbeenamust-go

destination.In2023,travelerscanonceagainexploretheTransBhutanTrail,whichruns250milesfromeastto

west,offeringvisitstothecentury-oldcommunitiesalongthejourney.Thetrailspans（横跨）18majorbridgesand

nationalparksandconnectsmorethan400historicandculturalsites.

Bordeaux

ThecomingyearswillbesportyinthehistoricalwineregionofBordeauxinFrance.In2023,thecitywill

hosttheRugbyWorldCup,anintenseandstressfulgame.Beyondsports,Bordeauxisoneofthefavorite

historicalcities,withmorethan350structuresthatareeithernationallyorregionallylistedashistorical

monuments.

Namibia

WildlifeandadventureloverslookingforauniquepathinAfricanSafar