四川省成都市某中学2023-2024学年高一年级上册期中考试英语含解析

成都七中2023—2024学年度上期高2026届半期考试

英语试题

（总分：150分考试时间：120分钟）

注意事项：

1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。

2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡

皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

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上。

4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。

5.考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅

读一遍。

1.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeel?

A.Sorry.B.Annoyed.C.Excited.

2.Whatdidthewomanforgettobringwithher?

A.Hercomputer.B.Hertrainticket.C.Herphonecharger.

3.Whichsubjecthasthemanfinishedhomeworkfor?

A.Maths.B.Science.C.History.

4.Whattimeisitnow?

A.It's3:00pm.B.It's4:00pm.C.It's5:00pm.

5.Whatdoesthewomanmainlymean?

A.Shewon'tworkfortheman.

B.Sheforgottocallthemanback.

C.Shewantsthemantopaymore.

第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选

项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完

后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whydoesthemanteachthewomanvideochatting?

A.Hewillworkabroad.

B.Hewantstosavemoney.

C.She'sboughtanewsmartphone.

7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoflearningvideochatting?

A.Useless.B.Difficult.C.Interesting.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.WhatisDanworriedaboutatfirst?

A.Hisfamily.B.Hisbiologypaper.C.Hisbirthdayparty.

9.WhatwillSuedoovertheweekend?

A.Workonherschoolwork.B.Readatthelibrary.C.Attendaparty.

10.Whosebirthdayiscomingsoon?

A.Sue'sgrandmother's.B.Sue'smother's.C.Sue'suncle's.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Ataparty.B.Atanoffice.C.Ataclothingcompany.

12.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Raisingmoneyforhisbusiness.

B.Designingclothesforthewoman.

C.Persuadingthewomantobuyfewerclothes.

13.Howdoesthemansound?

A.Stressed.B.Ambitious.C.Doubtful.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?

A.Awatch.B.Acamera.C.Acrime.

15.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Policewomanandcitizen.B.Neighbours.C.Friends.

16.Whatdidthemannotice?

A.Aloudnoise.B.Awhitecar.C.Apieceofjewellery.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Howoftendoesthespeakermeetthegroup?

A.Everyday.B.Everyfivedays.C.Everysevendays.

18.Whatwillbegrownthistime?

A.Flowers.B.Fruit.C.Vegetables.

19.Whatdoesthespeakerexpectthelistenerstodo?

A.Welcomeeachother.B.Exerciseeveryday.C.Enjoythemselves.

20.Whatisthespeakerprobably?

A.Agardeningteacher.B.Abuildingdesigner.C.Afitnesstrainer.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上

将该项涂黑。

A

ChelmsfordSportsCentre

ChelmsfordSportsCentreisacommunitygymsituatedintheheartofNorthWestChelmsford,easily

accessiblebybike,carorpublictransport.Weprovidefirst-classfacilitiesforthelocalcommunity.

Features

Takeadvantageofthelatestequipment,twofree-weightsareaandafunctionaltrainingzone!Ourhealthand

fitnessteamwillsupportyoutoachieveyourgoals.Ifyouwantsomeone-to-onehelpinthegym,youcanalso

bookpersonaltrainingsessions.Ourgymisopentothoseaged14andover.

Accessibility

Ourchangingroomsarelocatedonthegroundfloor,pastreceptionandontheright-handside.Thefirstfloor

iscurrentlyclosedforrefurbishment（整修）,andwillbeexpandedtoincludealargerareaaswellasalargervariety

ofequipment.However,thegroundfloorisstillopenwithawiderangeofequipmentforyoutouse.

Prices

Wechargehigherfaresduringpeakhours.

一Peakfares:MondaytoFridaybetween07:00and09:00,andbetween17:00and20:00

-Off-peakfares:atallothertimes

StandardDiscounted（fbrteenagers）

Peakprices£8.10£7.30

Off-peakprices£7.20£6.60

1.WhatdoweknowaboutChelmsfordSportsCentre?

A.ItissituatedinWestChelmsford.

B.Itoffersfreepersonaltrainingsessions.

C.Therearethreefunctionaltrainingzones.

D.A12-year-oldgirlisnotallowedtoenterthegym.

2.Whatimpactmaytherefurbishmenthaveonthegym?

A.Itmayexpandthespaceofthegroundfloor.

B.Itmaybringmorevariouskindsofequipment.

C.Itmaychangethelocationofthereceptionarea.

D.Itmayclosethegymtothepublicforaperiodoftime.

3.Howmuchdotwoadultswithoneteenagerneedtopayfbrthegymat18:00onSaturday?

A.£20.40.B.£21.00.C.£22.70.D.£23.50.

【答案】LD2.B3.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是Chelmsford体育中心的相关信息。

[1题详解】

细节理解题。根据Features部分中的“Ourgymisopentothoseaged14andover.（我们的健身中心对14岁及

以上的人开放。）”可知，Chelmsford对14岁及以上的人开放，所以12岁的女孩不允许进入。故选D项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据Accessibility部分中的"Thefirstflooriscurrentlyclosedforrefurbishment（整修）,andwill

beexpandedtoincludealargerareaaswellasalargervarietyofequipment.（--楼目前正在关闭进行整修，并将

进行扩建，以包括更大的面积和更多种类的设备。）”可知，一楼正在整修，并将扩建，以提供更多种类的

设备，由此可知，整修可能带来更多种类的设备。故选B项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据Prices中的"Peakfares:MondaytoFridaybetween07:00and09:00,andbetween17:00and

20:00.Off-peakfares:atallothertimes（高峰票价：周一至周五07:00至09:00,17:00至20:00。非高峰时段票

价：在所有其他时间）”以及表格中的“Standard:Peakprices£8.10;Off-peakprices£7.20；Discounted（for

teenagers）:Peakprices£7.30;Off-peakprices£6.60（标准：高峰价格8.10英镑；非高峰价格7.20英镑；折扣

（青少年）：高峰价格7.30英镑；非高峰价格为6.60英镑）”可知，在周六的时候应属于非高峰时段，成年人

的价格是每人£7.20,青少年的价格是打折价为6.60英镑，所以两个成年人和一个青少年在周六去该体育

中心的费用是：£7.20*2+£6.60=£21.00o故选B项。

B

Istillremembermyfriendsgivingmetheadvice:Trysomethingnew.Iwasstressedand,ofcourse,alsoon

myphonetoomuch.Iwaswritingaboutfoodfbrwork,socookingdidn'treallycountasahobbyanymore,nor

didreading,norsocialising,especiallysinceallofmyfriendsworkedinmyindustry.Ineededsomethinginmy

lifethatexistedapartfromallthat.

“Maybesomethingyoucandowithyourhands.^^Thesuggestionfeltlikeanescapeexit:Maybeahobby

couldfreemefrommywork.CookinghadoncebeenthethingIdidtorelaxwhenIgothomefromwork,the

thingIwascuriousabout,andthethingthatmademybrainawayfromitsstandardcomplaints.Thekitchenhad

oncebeenarelease,butnowitwaspartofmyprofessionallife.Itneededareplacement.Afewmonthslater,I

dutifullysignedupforaceramics（制陶艺术）classatastudionearmyapartment.

Atthestudio,Istartedasalazylearner,butafterafewmonthsIbecameaddicted,signingupfbrmore

classeswhenmytermended.Ihadaplacetogoinmyfreetimeandsomethingtobecuriousabout,andmygoals

wereunrelatedtoouterforces:aboss,ajob,amarket,areader.Unlikewithwriting,myprogresswasquantifiable

（可量化的）:NowIcanmakeavasethistall.NowIhavemadeapot.Nowmyhandlesarebeautiful.NowIhave

madetwothingsthatmoreorlesslooklikeapair.

Finallyfindingahobbythatisjustformyownenjoymentisarelease.Ienjoyhavingsomethingtodothat

doesn'tinvolveascreenandthereforefeelsfarfromthestyleofworktowhichIammostaccustomed-hands

coveredinclaycannotswipe（滑屏）verywell.Makingtimeforthisalsomeanscarvingouttime,forcreationand

inspiration,andalsofortherestthatisrequiredformetoreflectonmylife.Itissomethingmorethananew

hobby.Thisisthepeacethateveryoneneedsinourlife.

4.Whatistrueabouttheauthor'scurrentprofession?

A.Itisalsotheauthor'shobby.

B.Itrequirestheauthortousethephonealot.

C.Theauthorispopularinthecookingindustry.

D.Theauthorrecordsandpostsothers'cookingonline.

5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?

A.Theauthorwastiredofceramicsclasses.

B.Theauthorhadnogoalsfbrlearningceramics.

C.Theauthorgraduallytookupceramicsasahobby.

D.Outerforcesplayedapartintheauthor'sprogressinceramics.

6Howdoestheauthorfeelwiththenewhobby?

A.Calm.B.Confident.C.Inspired.D.Energetic.

7.Whafsthewritingpurposeofthistext?

A.Toshowthebenefitsofhavingahobby.B.Toshareastoryofabalanceoflife.

C.Tointroduceaninterestinghobby.D.Tohelpreaderschooseanewhobby.

【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过描述作者自身的经历和体会，表达了为了享受生活而找到一个

爱好有许多好处，是一种释放和放松，是我们每个人生活中都需要的一种平静的观点。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段wasstressedand,ofcourse,alsoonmyphonetoomuch.,,（我压力很大，当

然，我用手机也太多了。）可知，作者现在的工作需要经常使用手机。故选B。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“Atthestudio,Istartedasalazylearner,butafterafewmonthsIbecameaddicted,

signingupformoreclasseswhenmytermended."（在工作室里，一开始我是一个懒惰的学习者，但几个月

后我就上瘾了，学期结束时我报了更多的课。）和“Ihadaplacetogoinmyfreetimeandsomethingtobe

curiousabout,andmygoalswereunrelatedtoouterforces:aboss,ajob,amarket,areader."（我在空闲时间有

地方可去，有东西让我好奇，我的目标与外部力量无关:老板、工作、市场、读者。）可知，作者是逐渐喜

欢上了陶艺课，会在空闲时间去主动学习、制作，可见陶艺已经逐渐成为了他的一种爱好。故选C。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ilissomethingmorethananewhobby.Thisisthepeacethateveryoneneedsin

ourlife."（这不仅仅是一种新的爱好，这是我们生活中每个人都需要的平静。）可知，作者认为新爱好会

让人感到平静。故选A。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段uFinallyfindingahobbythatisjustformyownenjoymentisarelease.v（最终

找到一个只是为了我自己的享受的爱好，是一种释放。）、“Makingtimeforthisalsomeanscarvingout

time,forcreationandinspiration,andalsofortherestthatisrequiredformetoreflectonmylife.“（腾出时间

来做这些也意味着腾出时间来创造和灵感，也意味着腾出时间来反思我的生活。）和“Itissomethingmore

thananewhobby.Thisisthepeacethateveryoneneedsinourlife.”（这不仅仅是一种新的爱好，这是我们生

活中每个人都需要的平静。）及全文内容可知，本文主要表达了拥有一个爱好的好处，可以让我们得到释

放，反思生活，感受到平静。故选A。

C

Intoday'smotivationalliterature,failureisoftenviewedassomethingtobecelebrated.Inspirational

speakersarefondofquotingthewordsofthenovelistSamuelBeckett—"Failagain.Failbetter.^^Itseemsthat

disappointmentsareanessentialsteppingstonetosuccess,aturningpointinourlifestorythatwillultimatelyend

invictory.

However,psychologicalresearchesfindmostofusstruggletohandlefailureconstructively.Inotherwords,

wefailto"failfbrward^^.Wefindwaystodevaluethetaskatwhichwefailed,andbecomelessmotivatedto

persevere（坚持）andreachourgoals.Thisphenomenonisknownasthet4sour-grapeeffect,,»whichwas

discoveredbyProfessorHallgeirSjastad.

Sjastadexplainsthatt6sour-grapeeffect”isaself^protectivemechanism（机制）.“Mostofuspictureourselves

asablepeople,sowhenfeedback（反馈）fromotherssuggeststheopposite,itposesaseriousthreattothatself-

image/5hesays.uTheeasiestwayoutistodenyorexplainawaytheoutsidesignal,sowecankeepapositive

senseofself.Wedothisevenwithoutnoticing.^^

Ifyouhaveonebadinterviewforyourdreamjob,youmightconvinceyourselfthatyoudon'treallywantit

atall,andstopapplyingforsimilarpositions.Thesamegoesifyoufailtoimpressatasportstrial,orifyoulosea

singingcontest.uWetendtoexplainawayourshortcomingsandconvinceourselvesour'PlanC'isactuallyour

"PlanA'JSjastadsays.

Ildoesn7tmeanweshouldpersevereingoalsallthetime.Itcanbehealthytochangeiftheprocessisno

longermakingushappy.Butthetlsour-grapeeffect“mayleadustocometothisdecisionprematurely,ratherthan

hangingonalittleandseeingwhetherwemightlearnandimprove.

Failuresareunavoidable.Bylearningtofacethedisappointmentinsteadofdevaluingitsimportanceand

pretendingnothinghappened,however,youmayfinditeasiertoachieveyourgoals.

8.WhydoestheauthormentionthespeechofinspirationalspeakersinParagraph1?

A.Toofferanapproachtohandlingfailure.

B.Tointroduceacommonattitudetowardsfailure.

C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofexperiencingfailure.

D.Todiscusstherelationshipbetweensuccessandfailure.

9.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3aboutthet6sour-grapeeffect”？

A.Itdoesharmtoourself-image.B.Itpicturesusasperfectpeople.

C.Itprotectsusfromfalsefeedback.D.Itmakesusrefusenegativefeedbacktoourselves.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prematurely”inParagraph5mean?

A.Hurriedly.B.Mistakenly.C.Unhappily.D.Carelessly.

11.Whichstatementwouldtheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

A.Getreadytoreplace"PlanA"with"PlanC”.

B.Neverforgettomaintainapositivesenseofself.

C.Don'tquitwhengoalsnolongermakeyouhappy.

D.Don'tescapewhenourself-imagegetschallenged.

【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。大多数人难以积极地应对失败，在失败时就会贬低自己的任务，缺乏动力去

坚持目标，这种心理现象就是酸葡萄效应。但酸葡萄效应可能会产生负面影响，所以我们要学会面对失败，

而不是一味地贬低失败的事情并假装一切没有发生，这样才能让我们更容易达到我们的目标。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中的”【ntoday'smotivationalliterature,failureisoftenviewedassomethingtobe

celebrated.InspirationalspeakersarefondofquotingthewordsofthenovelistSamuelBeckett—'Failagain.Fail

better」（在今天的励志文学中，失败常常被视为值得庆祝的事情。富有励志演讲者喜欢引用小说家塞缪

尔•贝克特的话一一'再次失败。失败得更好。'）”可知，作者提到励志演讲者引用的话“再次失败。失

败得更好。”是想证明如今的励志文学常常将失败视为值得庆祝的事情，由此可推测出，作者想要介绍对

待失败的普遍态度。故选B。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Sjastadexplainsthat4sour-grapeeffect'isaself-protectivemechanism（机制）.

'Mostofuspictureourselvesasablepeople,sowhenfeedback（反馈）fromotherssuggeststheopposite,itposesa

seriousthreattothatself-image」hesays.（Sjastad解释说，’酸葡萄效应’是一种自我保护机制。'我们大

多数人都认为自己是有能力的人，所以当外部反馈不是这样时，它会对自我形象构成严重威胁•，’他

说。）"和"Theeasiestwayoutistodenyorexplainawaytheoutsidesignal,sowecankeepapositivesenseof

self.（最简单的解决方法是否认或为这种辩解信号辩解，这样我们就可以保持积极的自我意识。）”可知，

“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制，当外部反馈与自我形象不一致时，我们就会否认或为这种外部信

号辩解，从而保护自己。由此可推测出，“酸葡萄效应”会否认外界对于我们的负面反馈。故选D。

【10题详解】

词义猜测题。根据画线词后的"ratherthanhangingonalittleandseeingwhetherwemightlearnand

improve"可知，而不是坚持一会儿，看看我们是否可以学习和提高，这里应与ratherthan后的内容相

反，表示的是我们会提前做出不再坚持这种决定，prematurely意为“提前地。过早地，仓促地”,与A

项“匆忙地”意思最接近。故选A。

[11题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Bylearningtofacethedisappointmentinsteadofdevaluingitsimportance

andpretendingnothinghappened,however,youmayfinditeasiertoachieveyourgoals.（然而,通过学会面对失

望，而不是贬低它的重要性并且假装什么都没发生，你可能会发现实现目标更容易。）”可知，作者在最

后建议要学会面对失败带来的失望，而不是贬低失败并假装一切都没发生过，这样会更加有助于实现目

标。由此可推测出，作者认为当我们的自我形象受到质疑时，不要一味地逃避。故选D。

D

Ifyouplantoliveanother10years,youshouldexpecttoliveinaworldwithmachinesdoingthingsyoudon't

likedoingtoday.Evenmorewillbedonewithoutyourliftingthefinger.It?snotonlysimpletaskssuchascleaning,

laundryanddishes.High-endservicespreviouslynotaccessibletoyouwillnowbeinyoureconomicgrasp.Your

personalrobotwillknowyoubetterthanyouknowyourself.Thisalmostunimaginablelifestylecouldbecome

commonforthepublic,becauseoftheachievementsofartificialintelligence（AI）androboticstodateandthefact

that5Gisonthewaytoprovide.

ThereasonstobefearfulofAIandroboticsarewell-founded.AIcancompetewithourbrainsandrobotscan

competewithourbodies.Andinmanycases,theycanbeatushandilyalready.Andthemoretimethatpasses,the

bettertheseemergingtechnologieswillbecome,whileourowncapabilities（能力）areexpectedtoremainmoreor

lessthesame.

Therehasbeenalove-haterelationshipbetweenindividualsandbigcompanieslongbeforethepresenteraof

bigtech,butwhenbigtech,AIandroboticsworktogether,itgetsevenscarier.

Tomorrow'sbigtechcompaniesmaymakeuseofAIandthuscontrolthelivesoftheiruserstosomedegree.

Insuchaworld,third-partyorganisationsmayknowmoreaboutusthanweknowaboutourselves.Decisionswill

bemadeonourbehalfandincreasinglywithoutourawareness,andthosedecisionswon'tnecessarilybeinourbest

interests.

Theseissuesareforeseeable,andthestakes（风险）arehigh.So,whatcanbedone?Inordertoachievethe

highestpossiblepublictrustinthebenefitsofAIandroboticsinourlives,therearethreethingsurgentforaction.

First,theindustry'sAIandroboticsleadersmuststarttocombineconsumers9interestsinsafetyandprivacyinto

theirtechnologyofferings-somethingwehaven'tseenbeforeinthedevelopmentoftheInternetandmobile

markets.Second,bigtechcompaniesandtheirsmallerstart-upsiblings,shouldsupportcommonagreements,

principles,protocols,standardsandotherpolicies.Themorepolicystructurethereisinplacethatprotectsconsumer

interests,themoretrustAIandroboticsdeserve.Finally,atrustedorganisationshoulddesignandcarryoutareliable

meansofcreatingandprotectingthenewAIandroboticspolicystructurefrombadinfluence.

Luckily,althoughthegapbetweentechadvancesandthelaggingpolicystructureiswidening,thereisstill

timetocatchup-ifweactnow.

ThecombinationofAI,roboticsandbigtechcompaniesispotentiallydangerous,butbytakingtheappropriate

stepsnowwecanavoidthesedangersandenjoythehugepotentialbenefitsthattheyhavetooffer.

12.Whichisamongthereasonsforpeople'sfearofAIandrobotics?

A.AI,roboticsand5Gcanworktogether.B.Thenewlifestylescannotbeimagined.

C.AIandroboticskeepimprovingnonstop.D.AIandroboticscandoeverythingforus.

13.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Bigtechcompanieswillcontrolpeople'slifecompletely.

B.ThebenefitsbroughtbyAIandroboticscannotbeenjoyed.

C.Therelationshipbetweenhumansandbigcompaniesmaybescary.

D.Thethird-partyorganisationwillmakedecisionsforhumans,good.

14.Accordingtothepassage,howcantrustedAIandroboticsbebuilt?

A.MorepoliciesthatprotectAIandroboticsshouldbemade.

B.AIandroboticsshouldbecontrolledbybigtechcompanies.

C.ThedevelopmentofAIandroboticsshouldbesloweddown.

D.Consumers?interestsinsafetyandprivacyshouldbeconsidered.

15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.AchievingTrustedAIandRoboticsbyMakingPolicies

B.AvoidingthePotentialDangersofAI,RoboticsandBigTech

C.AIandRoboticsCreatingaNewLifestyleforHumanBeings

D.AI,Roboticsand5GWorkingTogethertoBenefitHumanBeings

【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述人工智能、机器人和大型科技公司的结合是潜在的危险，我们应该

采取措施避免这些危险，才能享受它们提供的巨大潜在好处。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Andthemoretimethatpasses,thebettertheseemergingtechnologieswillbecome,

whileourowncapabilities（能力）areexpectedtoremainmoreorlessthesame.（时间流逝得越久，这些新兴技

术就会变得越好，而我们自己的能力预计将保持大致相同。）”可知，新兴科技随着时间的推移汇编的越来

越好，而我们自己预计保持大致相同，由此可知，人们害怕人工智能和机器人的原因是人工智能和机器人

技术不断进步。故选C项。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中的aTherehasbeenalove-haterelationshipbetweenindividualsandbigcompanies

longbeforethepresenteraofbigtech,butwhenbigtech,AIandroboticsworktogether,itgetsevenscarier.（早在

当今科技巨头时代之前，个人和大公司之间就存在着一种又爱又恨的关系，但当科技巨头、人工智能和机

器人一起工作时，这种关系就变得更加可怕了。）”可知，个人与大公司之间存在着一种又爱又恨的关系，

由此可知，人类和大公司之间并不总是和谐的关系。故选C项。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据第五段中的"InordertoachievethehighestpossiblepublictrustinthebenefitsofAIand

roboticsinourlives,therearethreethingsurgentforaction』为了获得公众对人工智能和机器人技术在我们生

活中的好处的最高信任，有三件事迫切需要采取行动。）”可知，要想获得公众对人工智能和机器人技术的

最高信任，有三件事急需采取行动，结合下文中的"First,theindustry'sAIandroboticsleadersmuststartto

combineconsumers!interestsinsafetyandprivacyintotheirtechnologyofferings-somethingwehaven'tseen

beforeinthedevelopmentoftheInternetandmobilemarkets.（首先，该行业的人工智能和机器人领导者必须开

始将消费者对安全和隐私的兴趣结合到他们的技术产品中——这是我们在互联网和移动市场的发展中从

未见过的。）”可知，其中的第一点就是要将消费者对安全和隐私的兴趣结合到他们的技术产品中去，由此

可知，建立可信的人工智能和机器人就应考虑消费者在安全和隐私方面的利益。故选D项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据首段中的"Thisalmostunimaginablelifestylecouldbecomecommonforthepublic,because

oftheachievementsofartificialintelligence（AI）androboticstodateandthefactthat5Gisonthewayto

provide4由于人工智能（AI）和机器人技术迄今取得的成就，以及5G即将提供的服务，这种几乎难以想象的

生活方式可能会在公众中变得普遍。）”可知，人工智能和机器人技术的发展以及5G即将提供的服务，让

我们的生活方式将发生很大的改变，结合下文中的对人工智能和机器人技术的发展对人类带来的危险，可

知，人工智能和机器人技术的发展要活的人类的最高信任有三件事急需采取行动，结合尾段“The

combinationofAI,roboticsandbigtechcompaniesispotentiallydangerous,butbytakingtheappropriatesteps

nowwecanavoidthesedangersandenjoythehugepotentialbenefitsthattheyhavetooffer.（人工智能、机器人

技术和大型科技公司的结合有潜在的危险，但通过采取适当的措施，我们可以避免这些危险，并享受它们

所带来的巨大潜在好处。）”可知，我们如果能够采取适当的措施可以避免这些危险，并可以享受他们带来

的巨大潜在的好处，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是如果我们采取适当的措施避免人工智能和机器人技术带

来的危险，可以享受他们带来的巨大潜力的好处，所以本文的标题为“我们能避免人工智能、机器人和大

型科技公司的潜在危险吗？”涵盖了本文的内容，以提问的形式引起读者的思考，且可以概括本文的主题。

故选C项。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogooverevery

detailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.16Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitivebias

（偏见），atendencytowardaspecificmentalmistake.

Tostudy'jumping”,weexamineddecision-makingpatternsamongmorethan600peoplefromthegeneral

population.Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtfulanalysis.

17InaquizaboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswererightmuchmorethan

otherparticipantsdid-evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.

Sowhatisbehind'jumping"?Psychologicalresearcherscommonlydistinguishbetweentwopathwaysof

thought:automaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcometothemindeasily,spontaneouslyandwithouteffort,and

controlledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Jumpersandnon-jumpersareequallyinfluencedby

automaticthoughts.18Itisthecontrolledsystemthathelpspeopleavoidmentalbiasesintroducedbythe

automaticsystem.Asaresultjumpersweremorelikelytoaccepttheconclusionsmadeatfirstblushwithoutfurther

questioning.Alackofcontrolledthinkingisalsomorebroadlyconnectedtotheirproblematicbeliefsandfaulty

reasoning.

19Amethodcalledmetacognitivetrainingcanbeusedtotargettheirbiases,whichcanhelppeople

thinkmoredeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsareconfrontedwiththeirownbiases.Theycanlearnabout

themisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpstochipawayatparticipants5

overconfidence.

Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadgowithourgutsisafrequent

andimportantone.20Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakecanbetotakesomemoretime

beforemakingachoice.

A.Happily,theremaybesomehopeforjumpers.

B.Also,jumpershadproblemswithoverconfidence.

C.Butafairnumberofindividualsarequicktojumptoconclusions.

D.Itiscertainlypossibleforthemtooverthinkthingstotakeadecision.

E.Weplantocontinuetheworktotraceotherproblemsintroducedbyjumping.

F.Thejumpers,however,didnotengageincontrolledreasoningtothesamedegreeasnon-jumpers.

G.Recentstudiesshowthatevengatheringjustalittlebitmoreevidencemayhelpusavoidamajormistake.

【答案】16.C17.B18.F19.A20.G

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助，一种叫元认

知训练的方法可以帮助那些急于得出结论的人。

【16题详解】

根据空前的"Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogo

overeverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice』你在做决定之前花了多少时间做研究？有些人在做出

选择之前会仔细考虑每一个细节。）”可知，有些人在作出选择前会仔细考虑每个细节，空后的

Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitivebias（偏见），atendencytowardaspecificmentalmistake.（心

理学家称这种思维方式为认知偏差（cognitivebias）,即倾向于某种特定的心理错误。）”可知，心理学家指

出这种思维方式为认知偏差，与空前提到的做选择前考虑每个细节的人不同，由此可知，此空处应提到有

认知偏差的人，C选项"Butafairnumberofindividualsarequicktojumptoconclusions.（但相当一部分人很

快就会得出结论）”讲述的是一些很快得出结论的一部分人，呼应上文仔细考虑每一个细节的人，与空前的

内容为转折关系，符合逻辑，but为解题的关键信息。故选C项。

【17题详解】

根据空前的"Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtful

analysis.（我们发现，在需要深思熟虑分析的问题上，急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更多。）”

可知，研究发现急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更多，结合空后的“InaquizaboutUScivics,

theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswererightmuchmorethanotherparticipantsdid-evenwhentheir

answerswerewrong.（在一次关于美国公民的测验中，他们大大高估了自己答案正确的几率---即使他们的

答案是错误的。）”可推知，急于得出结论的人不仅容易犯错，而且还大大高估自己答案的正确几率，由此

可知，此空处应是讲述急于得出结论的人的过于自信，B选项“Also,jumpershadproblemswith

overconfidence.（此外，急于得出结论的人也有过度自信的问题）”中的also可知，此处继续讲述急于得出结