高考英语-阅读表达解题技巧和练习

阅读表达解题策略【考纲呈现】该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获得信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的实力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的综合语言运用实力的考查。【真题评析】（天津卷）第一节:阅读表达（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）阅读下面短文,并依据题目要求用英语回答问题.AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart（购物手推车）.Theywill,inalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptionsmanymiles.Butfewwillknow—oreventhinktoask—whoitwasthatinventedthem.SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehewasinthesupermarketbusiness.Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugging（吃力地携带）groceriesaroundinbasketstheyhadtocarry.OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaofputtingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.OnJune4,1937,Goldman’sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.Hecouldn’twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren’tusinghiscarts.“Don’tyouthinkthisarmisstrongenoughtocarryashoppingbasket?”oneshopperreplied.ButGoldmanwasn’tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretendtheywereshopping!Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopyingthephony（假冒的）customers.AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlargernumbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeoplecome—thosewhocameboughtmore.Withlarger,easier-to-handlebaskets,customersunconsciouslyboughtagreaternumberofitemsthanbefore.Today’sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman’soriginalmodel.Perhapsthat’sonereasonAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937—beforethecomingoftheshoppingcart.1.Theunderlinedwords“chrome-platecontraptions”inParagraph1referto______.（Nomorethan3words）【答案】shoppingcarts【解析】词义揣测题。由上句----apartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart（购物手推车）可以得出谈的是.购物手推车。2.WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman’sinvention?（Nomorethan10words）【答案】Itwastomakeshoppingeasierandattractmorebusiness.【解析】细微环节理解表达。由二段的Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugging（吃力地携带）groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。3.WhywasGoldmandisappointedatfirst?（Nomorethan10words）【答案】Becausefewcustomersusedhiscarts.【解析】细微环节理解表达。由第五段可知。4.WhydidGoldmanhirepeopletopushcartsaroundhismarket?（Nomorethan10words）【答案】Becausehewantedtopromotehisshoppingcarts.【解析】细微环节推理表达题。由第七段关键词---persuadepeopletogivethematry.可知。5.WhatdoyouthinkofGoldman?Pleasegiveyourreasons.（Nomorethan20words）【答案】Hewasasmartbusinessman.Heinventedtheshoppingcartandmadeitacceptedbycustomers.Or:Hewassmartbutheshouldn’thaveusedtrickstoattractcustomers.【解析】主旨大意表达题。通读全文把握大意，本文主要介绍Goldman和他的购物手推车。【专题分析】此题型与阅读理解相比，既有相同点也存在着区分。其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读实力的考查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。区分主要表现在以下三个方面：1.阅读理解题目的题型是客观的，而阅读表达的题型则是主观的，这不仅须要考生将文章理解，还须要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解只是要求学生将文章及题目中的信息理解了，就能作对题目，而阅读表达不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。2.阅读理解的文章难度较大，片幅较长，生词较多；阅读表达的文章较为简洁，生词少。3.在于阅读理解中的题型是选择题，问题类型及所考查的方式差别很大，所供选择的答案只有一项是正确的；但在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括：主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题（个人观点描述）、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。这七种类型在题目设置上的考查如下：问题类型 常见问题主旨概括 What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?Whatisthepurposeofthewriter’swritingthispassage?What’sthemainideaofthepassage/article?填空 Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithapropersentence/properwordsorphrases.翻译句子 Translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthe…paragraphintoChinese.同意句替换 Pleasefindoutthesentenceinthepassagewhichcanbereplacedbythefollowingone.封闭性问题 Regularclose-endedwh-questionsbasedonthepassage.开放性问题 Whatwouldyoudoifyou…?Whatothersuggestionswouldyougive?Howwouldyousettletheproblemifyou…?其他类型 …每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的依次也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的依次进行排列。其他类型的题目属于不确定题型，是依据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了限制考生在该试题上所花费的时间，在每一个须要考生回答的问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）。【专题技巧】1、主旨概括：这类问题要求考生归纳文章的要点，了解题目，速读全文，了解大意和主题，概括中心思想，考查考生对文章内容的整体把握实力。要想答好该题，考生必需有很强的概括实力或归纳实力，标题要简洁,要擅长找寻能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细微环节事实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细微环节，概括出来的中心愿思肯定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，肯定不行太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全，可以抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最终的结论，尤其要留意文章的首段的首末句，这里往往是文章的主旨所在；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要留意字数要求。具体的表达可以先依据文章内容找出关键词，其中主要看题目的第2、3、5小题，抓住重点考查信息，再在此基础上搜寻关键词、主题句，捕获时空、依次、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，确定文章标题或者文章的mainidea，把握语篇实质。2、同意句替换：这种题型在英语中也常说被成“paraphrase”。此类型比较简洁，只要对句子的意义进行正确的理解，弄透所给句子的意思，然后依据语句中的关键词，快速找出在文中相对应的意义相同的句子即可。另外还应留意这种替换中数字表达形式的改变，与主动句与被动句的边化。须要留意的是：考生在文章中精确找到原句后要将其完整的抄写在答题纸所给定的位置上，切不行只是写上第“某某”个句子（TheXXsentenceinparagraphXX.）了事，这样是不能得分的！3、填空：回答此类问题时，肯定首先留意弄清晰语境和上下文之间的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等，留意上下文，前后句的联系；然后依据上下文的含义揣测出空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，看上下文是否通顺，最终确定答案。上下文之间的关系通常有下列几种，这些关系通常通过一些连词表示出来：A．同位关系（并列关系）标记词：and,also,likewise,similarly,too,either…or,neither…nor,not…but…,notonly…butalso…,inthesameway,equally,…B．递进关系标记词：then;besides;inaddition;additionally;whatismore;moreover,further,…C．对比关系（转折关系）标记词：but,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,inanycase,unfortunately,while,onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,conversely,ontheotherhand,…D．因果关系标记词：because,since,as,for;nowthat,so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult,…E．让步关系标记词：although;though;eventhough;evenif;nevertheless;despite;inspiteof;…F．时间关系标记词：when,while,as,after,before,since,until,assoonas,once,…G．条件关系标记词：if,suppose（that）,supposing（that）,unless,incase,so（as）longas,sofar,oncondition（that）,provided（that）,providing（that）,without,…I.表示目的（意图）标记词：to,inorderto,soasto,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,as,…H．说明与被说明关系标记词：is,thatis,thatistosay,means,themeaningis（that）…,…4、翻译句子：本题主要考查考生理解英语语句的基本实力，是对学生综合语言学问理解和运用的考察，而且须要将其转译成汉语，因此又是对汉语表达水平的一种检测。在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为困难或者包括一些特定习语的句子。因此，翻译时肯定要先分析句子结构，找准句子的主干成分，然后确定一些附属的部分，如定语，状语、插入语等等，并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要留意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异，最终在忠实于原文的基础上，可以适当应用增词、减词、词性转化、语序转化等技巧把英语中的从句（定语从句及名词性从句）和较长的短语往往单独翻译，从而把画线部分的长句翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子。5、封闭性问题：封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据。每篇文章的作者会运用事实、分析缘由或对比事物间的关系等加以论证自己的观点，本题型就是结合文中某个问题进行解答，首先要细致地看懂问题，明确问题问的是什么，然后依据题意进行寻读，找到文中的重要事实或细微环节，常与what,when,where,who,which,why等有关。常见题的提问方式：①Whatcause…?②Whatdoesthewriterreallymeanbysaying…③Whydoestheauthormention…?④Whatarethereasonswhy…?⑤Whichistheresultof…?⑥Whereinthepassagedoestheauthordescribe…？6、开放性问题：是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，解答比较简洁，要依据文章供应的线索，调动自己所学的综合英语学问，结合个人的观点、阅历选择较简洁回答的点回答相关问题。这类题会有字数要求，回答必需完整，即怎么问，怎么答。如：要回答“which…isthe…”，不要只是说“Thefirst/secondone.”要把句子写完整；回答“why”的问题时最好用上“because”。常见题的提问方式：①Whatwouldyoudoifyouwere…？②Whatothersuggestionswouldyougive?③Howwouldyousettletheproblemifyouwere…?7、其他类型：该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上6种类型以外的类型的题，比如设计图表题，推理推断题等，问题的依次也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中出现的依次进行排列。还有，答题字数要求（Pleaseanswerwithin10/15/20words）：一般状况下，考生回答问题所书写的英文会限制在50个以下（句子替代和句子翻译除外），以限制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个须要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。新课程标准提高了对中学生英语阅读及写作实力的要求，但在学习过程中存在的一些不利因素仍制约着学生这些实力的提高，要提高学生阅读表达实力，首先要克服影响做阅读表达题的不利因素。解答阅读题的关键是弄清晰其考查的目的、问题的类型和驾驭肯定的答题技巧，并在老师的指导下进行肯定量的针对性训练；尤其要留意的是平常肯定要留意英语书面表达实力的提高以及书写的训练。8、要保持书写清晰，工整；卷面整齐、干净。给阅卷老师留下一个好印象。【专题训练】（一）当今社会“感恩”话题盛行，总有一些有关感恩的人和事会让我们思索良久。这篇阅读表达题会给我们一些很好的启示，让我们有深深的感悟。Ourlittleboycameuptohismotherinthekitchenoneeveningwhileshewasfixingsupper，andhandedherapieceofpaperthathehadbeenwritingon.Afterhismomdriedherhandsonanapron，shereadit，andthisiswhatitsaid：Forcuttingthegrass$5.00Forcleaningupmyroomthisweek$1.00Forgoingtothestoreforyou$0.50Baby－sittingmykidbrotherwhileyouwentshopping$0.25Takingoutthegarbage$1.00Forgettingagoodreportcard$5.00Forcleaningupandrakingtheyard$2.00Totalowed:$14.75Well，I’lltellyou，hismotherlookedathimstandingthereexpectantly，andboy，couldIseethememoriesflashingthroughhermind.Soshepickedupthepen，turnedoverthepaperhe’dwrittenon，andthisiswhatshewrote：FortheninemonthsIcarriedyouwhileyouweregrowinginsideme，NoCharge.ForallthenightsthatI’vesatupwithyou，doctoredandprayedforyou，NoCharge.Forallthetryingtimes，andallthetearsthatyou’vecausedthroughtheyears，there’sNoCharge.Forallthenightsthatwerefilledwithdread，andfortheworriesIknewwereahead，NoChargeForthetoys，food，clothes，andevenwipingyournose，there’sNoCharge，Son.Whenyou___________________，thecostofmyloveisNoCharge.Well，friends，whenoursonfinishedreadingwhathismotherhadwritten，thereweregreatbigoldtearsinhiseyes，andhelookedstraightupathismotherandsaid：“Mom，Isuredoloveyou.”Andthenhetookthepenandingreatbiglettershewrote：“PAIDINFULL”.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Althoughyouhavebroughtmehardtimesandmanytearsintheseyears,youneedn’tpayforthem.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（withintenwords）4.Whatdoyoulearnafterreadingthepassage?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（二）“假如你信念坚决，你只须要坚信所发生每一个结果都对你有利。或许过一段时间之后，你就会明白了”。信任这样主题的阅读表达文章能够让学生受益匪浅。Twotravelingangelsstoppedtospendthenightinthehomeofawealthyfamily.Thefamilywasrudeandrefusedtolettheangelsstayinthemansion’sguestroom.Insteadtheangelsweregivenasmallspaceinthecoldbasement.Astheymadetheirbedonthehardfloor,theolderangelsawaholeinthewallandrepairedit.Whentheyoungerangelaskedwhy,theolderangelreplied,“Thingsaren’talwayswhattheyseem.”Thenextnightthepaircametorestatthehouseofaverypoor,butveryhospitablefarmerandhiswife.Aftersharingwhatlittlefoodtheyhadthecouplelettheangelssleepintheirbedwheretheycouldhaveagoodnight’srest.Whenthesuncameupthenextmorningtheangelsfoundthefarmerandhiswifeintears.Theironlycow,whosemilkhadbeentheirsoleincome,laydeadinthefield.Theyoungerangelwasinfuriatedandaskedtheolderangelhowcouldyouhaveletthishappen?Thefirstmanhadeverything,yetyouhelpedhim,sheaccused.Thesecondfamilyhadlittlebut___________________,andyouletthecowdie.“Thingsaren’talwayswhattheyseem,”theolderangelreplied.“Whenwestayedinthebasementofthemansion,Inoticedtherewasgoldstoredinthatholeinthewall.Sincetheownerwassoobsessedwithgreedandunwillingtosharehisgoodfortune,Isealedthewallsohewouldn’tfindit.”“Thenlastnightaswesleptinthefarmer’sbed,theangelofdeathcameforhiswife.Igavehimthecowinstead.Thingsaren’talwayswhattheyseem.”Sometimesthatisexactlywhathappenswhenthingsdon’tturnoutthewaytheyshould.Ifyouhavefaith,youjustneedtotrustthateveryoutcomeisalwaystoyouradvantage.Youjustmightnotknowituntilsometimelater.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Thecouplesharedtheirlittlefoodwiththetwoangelsandthensparedtheirbedforthetwoangelstorestforagoodnightwillingly.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（withintenwords）4.Doyouthinklifeisequalforthetwofamilies?Andwhy?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（三）“年轻时就要学会省钱，这是重要的一课。全部好的习惯都起先于年青时代...”对于新时代的青年人，如何面对理财，如何学会理财是值得我们深思的问题。这篇阅读表达题会从某些方面给我们以启迪....Learningtosavemoneywhenyou'reyoungisanimportantlesson.Allgoodlessonsaridhabitsbeginearly,andsavingisaskillthateveryoneneeds.Manypeople—adultsincluded—donothaveagoodsenseofsavingforthelongrun.IhavebeenluckytolearnthislessonearlybecauseIhavehadagrass-cuttingbusinesssinceIwas10yearsold.OfthemoneyImakeIspendabout10percentandsavetheother90.Makingsureyousaveanddon'tspendtoomuchisagoodwaytobuildupwealth.Ihaveputmyearningsinabank.ManyteensIknowspendallthemoneytheyearnsoitneverhasachancetogrow.Youngpeopleshouldrealizethattheirteenageyearsareagreattimetobeginsaving.Athighschoolmanyparentspayforalmosteverything,soyourexpensescanbesmall.Ifyouhavealob,youshouldhavefunwithsomeofthemoney.Butyoushouldalsosavesomesothatitwillgrow.Thenyoucanbeginplanningforyourfuture.Whenyouspendmoney,younotonlylosethatmoney,butalsolosetheinterestyoucouldhaveearnedbysavingit.Afterhighschool,collegeisexpensiveandthen"real"lifebegins,withexpensessuchasfoodandrent.Ifyoucanholdontoagoodpercentageofthemoneyyouearnasateen,goingtocollegeandbuyingahousewillbemucheasier.________________,themoretimethemoneyhastogrow.Ifyouareinyourthirtieswithoutanysavings,youwillalwayshavetostruggle.Theearlieryoubeginsaving,theeasieritistocreateanestegg.Laterinlifeitcanbehardtostartsavingbecausegeneralcostsoflivingaremoreexpensiveandyoumayonlyhaveenoughtopayyourbills.Ifyouwanttobuyahouseandhaveafamily,youneedmoneytostartwith,whichcomesfromsaving.Manysaymoneycannotmakeyouhappy,andthisistrue.Butmoneycanhelpyoutoleadasecurelife.Savingearlywillmeanyouwillhavetoworkforfeweryearswhenyouareolder.Itwillalsoallowyoutospendtimedoingthethingsthatyouwanttodo.Inadditiontothis,itwillmeanyoucanlivethewayyouwanttowithoutworrying.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Aslongasyousaveearly,you’lldolessworktolivewellatyouroldage.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（within10words）4Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouthinkofsaving?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（四）“如何真正处理好孩子与父母间的关系”始终是我们特别关注和想了解的话题。沟通是必要的方式之一，可如何能够进行真正心灵上的沟通？我们，作为父母的，作为孩子的，都得须要思索。这篇文章会给你肯定的启示....Iwas13yearsold.MyfamilyhadmovedtoSouthernCaliforniafromNorthFloridaayearbefore.Ihitadolescencewithavengeance.Iwasangryandrebellious,withlittleregardforanythingmyparentshadtosay,particularlyifithadtodowithme.Likesomanyteenagers,Istruggledtoescapefromanythingthatdidn'tagreewithmypictureoftheworld.A"brilliantwithoutneedofguidance"kid,Irejectedanyovertofferingoflove.Infact,Igotangryatthementionofthewordlove.Onenight,afteraparticularlydifficultday,I_____________,shutthedoorandgotintobed.AsIlaydownintheprivacyofmybed,myhandsslippedundermypillow.Therewasanenvelope.Ipulleditoutandontheenvelopeitsaid,"Toreadwhenyou'realone."SinceIwasalone,noonewouldknowwhetherIreaditornot,soIopenedit.Itsaid"Mike,Iknowlifeishardrightnow,IknowyouarefrustratedandIknowwedon'tdoeverythingright.IalsoknowthatIloveyoucompletelyandnothingyoudoorsaywilleverchangethat.Iamhereforyouifyoueverneedtotalk,andifyoudon't,that'sokay.Justknowthatnomatterwhereyougoorwhatyoudoinyourlife,Iwillalwaysloveyouandbeproudthatyouaremyson.I'mhereforyouandIloveyou—hatwillneverchange.Love,Mom.Thatwasthefirstofseveral"Toreadwhenyou'realone"letters.TheywerenevermentioneduntilIwasanadult.TodayItraveltheworldhelpingpeople.IwasinSarasota,Florida,teachingaseminarwhen,attheendoftheday,aladycameuptomeandsharedthedifficultyshewashavingwithherson.Wewalkedouttothebeach,andItoldherofmymom'sundyingloveandaboutthe"Toreadwhenyou'realone"letters.Severalweekslater,Igotacardthatsaidshehadwrittenherfirstletterandleftitforherson.ThatnightasIwenttobed,IputmyhandsundermypillowandrememberedthereliefIfelteverytimeIgotaletter.Inthemidstofmyturbulentteenyears,theletterswerethecalmassurancethatIcouldbelovedinspiteofme,notbecauseofme.JustbeforeIfellasleepIthankedGodthatmymomknewwhatI,anangryteenager,needed.Todaywhentheseasoflifegetstormy,Iknowthatjustundermypillowthereisthatcalmassurancethatlove-consistent,abiding,unconditionallove-changeslives.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?IreachedoutmyhandsfortheletterunderthepillowthatnightwhenIwenttobed,andIalwaysfeltreliefwiththeletterundermypillow.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（withintenwords）4.Whatdoyoulearnafterreadingthepassage?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（五）本文是属于夹叙夹议体裁，反映的是海洋污染的问题。希望能够从中得到警示，让我们反醒自己的行为。彻底相识到爱护自然就是爱护我们自己！！Everyyear2.2milliontonsofoilarespilled（散落，溅出）intotheocean.Actually,thisonlyamountstoasmallpercentageofthetotal1.6billiontonsofoilshippedaroundtheworldeachyear.However,thisspilledoilhasterribleeffectsonoceanlife,includingthecoastlineswheretheoffwashesupontoshore.Someofthelargestspillsinhistorywerecausedbyoiltankersrunningintoeachotherorbyanoiltankersailingintoshallowwaterandhittingthebottomoftheocean.Afterthesespills,officialstrytodiscoverwhoorwhatwasatfaulttohelppreventsimilaraccidentsinthefuture.OneoftheworstoilspillsinhistoryoccurredalongtheAlaskancoastlinein1989.Inthisaccident,42,000tonsofoilspilledfromatankerwhichresultedinterribledamagetothissensitivenaturalarea.Inthisspill,thetanker'scaptain,whowastiredfromoverworkanddrinkingalcohol,hadgoneto___________.Hegavecontroloftheshiptothethirdmate.Thethirdmatewasunfamiliarwiththepaththeshiptook,andherantheshipontoBligheReef.BligheReefisanaturalunderwaterrockwallneartheAlaskancoast.Damagedbythereef,theshipleakedoiloutintotheocean.Morethan1,600kilometersofcoastlinewereaffectedbytheoilspill.Somescientistswhostudiednatureintheareaguessedthat580,000birdsand5,500othersdiedwhentheoilfromthespillcoveredtheirskin.Aswell,smallershellfishandotherseacreatureswerelatereatenbyseals,whales,andotheranimals.Themostoileverspilledwasactuallydumpedonpurposeasanactofecologicalwarfare.Thetermecologicalwarfaremeanstofightbydoingharmtonatureintheareaunderattack.In1990,IraqsentsoldiersintoKuwaitandsetoffthePersianGulfWar.AspartoftheIraqwarplan,900,000tonsofoilwereletoutintothePersianGulfWayIraq.Thisoilcovered1,500squarekilometersofwaterinthePersianGulf.Theoilalsodamaged650kilometersofthecoastlineofbothKuwaitandSaudiArabia.Insomeplaces,oilfloatingonthewaterwasmeasuredtobe43centimetersthick.Waterbirds,waterplants,andbabyfishwereallseriouslyaffectedbytheoil.Thelong-termeffectsofthisactonthefoodchainintheareaareboundtocauseproblemstarintothefuture.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Officialsmakeeffortstodoresearchintotheoilspillaccidentsanddon’twanttoseethesimilarthingshappenagaininthefuture.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（withintenwords）4.Whatdoyouthinkoftheoilspillaccidenthappeningin1990inthePersianGulf?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（六）健康问题始终是生活中的热点话题。尤其对于女性来说，你知道穿矮高跟鞋和纯粹的高跟鞋对你身体健康的影响吗？Healthykneesaren'tthemainconsiderationinchoosinghighheels,butnewresearchsayschunkyheelsarejust__________asspindlystilettos（细高跟鞋）."Ittakesalongtimetofeeltheeffectsofkneeosteoarthritis（骨关节炎）—andonceyoudo,itistoo]ate,"saidDr.CaseyKerrigan,leadingresearcherofthestudyandassociateprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchool'sdepartmentofphysicalmedicine."Icompareittosmoking—onecigaretteisnotpainful,butoveralifetimeitis.Wide-heeledshoesfeelcomfortable,sowomenwearthemalldaylong,"Kerrigansaid.”Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstilettoheels,butjustashadforyourknees.”Theideathathighheelsarebadforyourhealthisn'tnew—scientistshavewarnedwomenforyearsthattheycontributetoproblemsrangingfromcornstohammertoes,tendonitis,kneepain,sprained（扭伤）anklesandbackproblems.Butin1998,KerdganandateamofHarvardresearcherswerethefirsttolinkhighheelsandkneeosteoarthritis,apainfuljointdiseasethatdestroyscartilage（软骨）surroundingtheknee.Thefirststudylookedonlyatstilettoheels,andKerrigansaidshewantedtostudythechunkyhigh-heeledshoesshenoticedmanywomenwearing."Thisstudyconfirmswhatweallintuitively（直觉地）knowthathigh-heeledshoesofanykindarenotgoodforourhealth,"saidDr.GlennPfeifer,aSanFranciscodoctorandmemberoftheAmericanAcademyofOrthopedicSurgeonswhowasnotconnectedtothestudy.1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Inmyopinion,itissimilartosmoking,forsmokingonecigarettedoeslittleharmbutifyousmokeallyourlife,it’llbeverypainful.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（withintenwords）4.Whatdoyouthinkofwearingthechunkyheelsaccordingtothepassage?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（七）旅行莫非只能让人们享受美景放松心情吗？不，它还可以很有效果的降低犯罪率，这一点你信任吗？来看这篇文章吧Americansthinkthattravelisgoodforyou,someeventhinkitcanhelponeofthecountry'sworstproblems-crime（犯罪）.Crimeworriesalotofpeople.Everyyear,thenumberofcrimesgoesupandup.Andmanycriminals（罪犯）areyoung.Theyoftencomefromsadhomes,withonlyoneparentornoparentsatall.Therearemanyyoungcriminalsinprison.Butprisondoesn'tchangethem.Sixorsevenintenwillgobacktocrimewhentheycomeoutofprison.Oneman,BobBurton,thoughtofanewidea.Intheolddays,youngmenhadtoliveadifficultlifeontheroad.Theylearnedtobestrongandbrave,andtohelptheftfriendsilltimeofdanger.Thishelpedthemtogrowintomen.SoBobBurtonstarted"VisionQuest".Hetakesyoungcriminalsonalong,longjourneywithhorsesandwagons（马车）,3,000milesthroughsevenstates.Theyareontheroadformorethanayear.TheyoungpeopleonVisionQuestallhavebadproblems.Mostofthemhavealreadyspenttimeinprison.Thisistheirlastchance.It'shardworkontheroad.Theworkstartsbeforethesuncomesup.Theboysandgirlshavetofeedthehorses.Someofthemhaveneverlovedanyonebefore.Buttheycanlovetheirhorse.Thatlovecanhelpthemtoanewlife.NotalltheyoungpeopleonVisionQuestwillleavecrimebehindthem.Threeorfourintenwilloneday_____________.BobBurtonisright.Travelcanbegoodforyou.Eventoday.Americansstillsay,“Gowest,youngman.”1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Thecriminalsareveryunfortunate,becausetheyhavesingleparentortheyareorphans3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（Withintenwords）4.Whatdoyouthinkofthemeaningofthetraveltotheyoungmenintheolddaysaccordingtothepassage?（within30words）