businessintegration物流理论课件

businessintegration物流理论2024/4/16businessintegration物流理论2ServiceDeliveryConnectingGovernment&CitizensBuildingInternalCapacityPartnershipsPrivacy&AccessSecurityInformationManagementInfrastructureApplyingIM&ITinacomprehensivewaytoallfunctionsofgovernmentTransformationagendaGovernmentandcross-jurisdictionalcollaborationtodrivesocialdevelopment,economiccompetitivenessandregulatoryharmonizationEnterprisemanagementsystemsandapproachesthatdrivemorevaluefrominvestments,e.g.,legacyrenewal,backofficereengineering,horizontalfunding,projectmanagementandinternalcapacitybuildingIntegrated,cross-jurisdictionalservicedeliverythroughmultiplechannels

thatiscustomer-focused,seamlessandconvenient

Connectinggovernmentandcitizensthroughincreasedtransparencyandcitizenengagementopportunitiesbusinessintegration物流理论3Theenvironmente-Businessande-GovernmentDistributedsystemsHeterogeneousplatformsandlanguagesLegacyandopensourceandnewcodeandoff-the-shelfAneedforinter-jurisdictionalconnectivityWirelessdevicesPrivacyandsecurityXMLFinancialconstraintsbusinessintegration物流理论4BusinessIntegrationandITAlignmentbusinessintegration物流理论5BusinessIntegrationandITAlignmentMeetingthechallengewithEnterpriseArchitecturebusinessintegration物流理论6ThequestionstoanswerWhatisbusinessintegration?WhatisITalignmentandwhyisitimportant?Whatisenterprisearchitecture?Howdoesithelpyouachievebusinessintegration?HowdoesithelpyoualignITinvestmentswithstrategicbusinessintentions?WhatistheOntarioGovernmentdoing?businessintegration物流理论7Whatisbusinessintegration?Tointegratemeanstocombinepartsintoawhole.Businessmergerexample:CompanyACEOCommonFunctionsUniqueFunctionsCEO+CompanyBCommonFunctionsUniqueFunctionsCEO=CompanyABUniqueFunctionsUniqueFunctionsCommonFunctionsbusinessintegration物流理论8Businessintegration(cont.)Redefiningbusinessexample1:OrganizationFunctionFunctionFunctionRedesignedOrganizationCoreBusinessCoreBusinessbusinessintegration物流理论9Businessintegration(cont.)Redefiningbusinessexample2:OrganizationAOrganizationBCoreBusinessA1CoreBusinessA2CoreBusinessA3CoreBusinessB1CoreBusinessB2CoreBusinessB3VirtualBusiness1VirtualBusiness2VirtualBusiness3VirtualOrganizationbusinessintegration物流理论10ImplicationsofintegrationNodiscontinuityamongmeaningsofconceptsacrosstheenterpriseConceptsdefinedonceandsharedYoureusewhathasalreadybeendefinedExplicitlydefinedconceptsaretheEnterprise’sequivalenceofStandardInterchangeableParts.businessintegration物流理论11WhatisITalignment?Alignmentmeansworkingtowardsacommongoal.ITalignmentmeansallimplementedinformationsystemscontributetoManagement’svisionoftheorganization’sfuturestate.Whyisthisimportant?BecauseintheInformationAgetheSYSTEMistheENTERPRISE!businessintegration物流理论12Thedilemmathebusinessisnotdefinedordescribedverywell?nobodycanseemuchofwhatneedstobechanged?intentionscannotbecommunicatedorshareeasily?ifthereislittleexplicittoalignITsolutionswith?Howcananyoneoranygroupmanageintegrationandalignmentif…businessintegration物流理论13TheproblemBusinessknowledgeisoftenlockedinpeople’sheadsorinplanningdocumentsWhateverexplicitknowledgethatmightexististoodifficulttoanalyzeintheircurrentformsSystemdesignersusuallyjustdesignsolutionsforspecificbusinessrequirementsandtheirdesignsarenotreusableinotherapplicationsbusinessintegration物流理论14TheremedyMakebusinessknowledgemoreexplicitMakebothbusinessandITknowledgemoregranularMakeitgraphicalApplythedisciplineofenterprisearchitecturetoit!Inotherwords…businessintegration物流理论15EnterprisearchitectureDescriptiverepresentationsofthefundamentalcomponentsofapurposefulendeavour.…butmostjust

happen.Everyenterprisealreadyhasarchitecture.Somearedesignedanddocumented…businessintegration物流理论16Enterprisearchitectureis…Athinkingtoolforanalysis,changemanagementanddecisionmakingAcommunicationstoolAcrosstheenterpriseAcrosstheextendedenterpriseAmeanstoguidebusinessintegrationandtoalignITHowdoyoucreateenterprisearchitecture?Startbybreakingdownthesubjectareaintoitsessentialparts.Thesameproblemthathasfacedthinkersforgenerations.businessintegration物流理论17Thinkers…Aristotle(384–322BCE)Linnaeus(1707–1778)Mendeleev(1834–1907)Dewey(1851–1931)AristotelianSyllogisticSystem EveryGreekisahuman. Everyhumanismortal. EveryGreekismortal.TheLinnaeanSystemKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

DeweyDecimalSystem000Generalities100Philosophy&psychology200Religion300Socialsciences400Language500Naturalsciences&mathematics600Technology(Appliedsciences)700Thearts800Literature&rhetoric900Geography&historyPeriodicTableofElements…andforenterpriseknowledge…Zachman(1936-)businessintegration物流理论18Zachmansays

Inherentinallenterprisesaresixabstractperspectives.Planner thescopeandboundaryviewOwner thebusinessrequirementsviewDesigner thelogicaldesignviewBuilder thephysical,technicalviewSubcontractor thedetailedcomponentsviewUser thefunctionalviewbusinessintegration物流理论19DifferentaspectsorfocusesWhat

isit

made

of

?

Andforeachperspectivetherearesixfundamentalfocuses.How

doesit

function

?

Where

are

things

located

?Who

is

involved

?

When

do

things

happen

?Why

are

things

done

?businessintegration物流理论20TheFrameworkforEnterpriseArchitecture

isformedbyassociatingperspectivesandfocuses.WHATHOWWHEREWHOWHENWHYPLANNEROWNERDESIGNERBUILDERSUB-CONTRACTORUSER…36differentrepresentationsfordescribinganenterprise.Cellsofknowledgebusinessintegration物流理论JohnA.Zachman,ZachmanInternationalDATAImplementationDATAWhatFUNCTIONHowNETWORKWheree.g.DataDefinitionEntity=FieldRel.=Addresse.g.,PhysicalDataModelEntity=Tables/Segments/etc.Rel.=Key/Pointer/etc.e.g.,LogicalDataModelEntity=DataEntityRel.=DataRelationshipe.g.,SemanticModelEntity=BusinessEntityRel.=BusinessRelationshipListofThings-ImportanttotheBusinessEntity=ClassofBusinessThingListofProcesses-theBusinessPerformsFunction=ClassofBusinessProcesse.g.,ApplicationArchitectureProcess.=ApplicationFunctionI/O=UserViewse.g.,SystemDesignProcess=ComputerFunctionI/O=DataElements/Setse.g.ProgramProcess=LanguageStatementI/O=ControlBlockFUNCTIONImplementatione.g.,BusinessProcessModelProcess=BusinessProcessI/O=BusinessResourcesListofLocations-inwhichtheBusinessOperatesNode=MajorBusinessLocatione.g.,LogisticsNetworkNode=BusinessLocationLink=BusinessLinkagee.g.,DistributedSystemArchitectureNode=ISFunctionLink=LineCharacteristicse.g.,TechnicalArchitectureNode=Hardware/SystemSoftwareLink=LineSpecificationse.g.NetworkArchitectureNode=AddressesLink=ProtocolsNETWORKImplementationMOTIVATIONWhyTIMEWhenPEOPLEWhoe.g.RuleSpecificationEnd=Sub-conditionMeans=Stepe.g.,RuleDesignEnd=ConditionMeans=Actione.g.,BusinessRuleModelEnd=StructuralAssertionMeans=ActionAssertionEnd=BusinessObjectiveMeans=BusinessStrategyListofBusinessGoalsandStrategiesEnds/Means=MajorBusinessGoal/CriticalSuccessFactorListofEvents-SignificanttotheBusinessTime=MajorBusinessEvente.g.,ProcessingStructureTime=SystemEventCycle=ProcessingCyclee.g.,ControlStructureTime=ExecuteCycle=ComponentCyclee.g.TimingDefinitionTime=InterruptCycle=MachineCycleSCHEDULEImplementatione.g.,MasterScheduleTime=BusinessEventCycle=BusinessCycleListofOrganizations-ImportanttotheBusinessPeople=ClassofPeopleandMajorOrganizationse.g.,WorkFlowModelPeople=OrganizationUnitWork=WorkProducte.g.,HumanInterfaceArchitecturePeople=RoleWork=Deliverablee.g.,PresentationArchitecturePeople=UserWork=Screen/DeviceFormate.g.SecurityArchitecturePeople=IdentityWork=JobORGANIZATIONImplementationSTRATEGYImplementatione.g.,BusinessPlanSCOPEPlannerSYSTEMMODELDesignerTECHNOLOGYCONSTRAINEDMODELBuilderDETAILEDREPRESEN-TATIONSSubcontractorENTERPRISEMODEL

Ownercontextualconceptuallogicalphysicalout-of-contextFUNCTIONINGENTERPRISEperspectivesabstractionsTechnicalBusinessZachmanFrameworkforEnterpriseArchitecturebusinessintegration物流理论22ZachmanframeworkAdeviceforclassifyngenterpriseknowledgeAframeworkfordescribingenterprises(formodelingthem)ReducescomplexitytomanageableproportionsIseasytounderstandUnitesbusinessandITcommunitiesOK,butwhataboutcontent?businessintegration物流理论JohnA.Zachman,ZachmanInternationalDATAImplementationDATAWhatFUNCTIONHowNETWORKWheree.g.DataDefinitionEntity=FieldRel.=Addresse.g.,PhysicalDataModelEntity=Tables/Segments/etc.Rel.=Key/Pointer/etc.e.g.,LogicalDataModelEntity=DataEntityRel.=DataRelationshipe.g.,SemanticModelEntity=BusinessEntityRel.=BusinessRelationshipListofThings-ImportanttotheBusinessEntity=ClassofBusinessThingListofProcesses-theBusinessPerformsFunction=ClassofBusinessProcesse.g.,ApplicationArchitectureProcess.=ApplicationFunctionI/O=UserViewse.g.,SystemDesignProcess=ComputerFunctionI/O=DataElements/Setse.g.ProgramProcess=LanguageStatementI/O=ControlBlockFUNCTIONImplementatione.g.,BusinessProcessModelProcess=BusinessProcessI/O=BusinessResourcesListofLocations-inwhichtheBusinessOperatesNode=MajorBusinessLocatione.g.,LogisticsNetworkNode=BusinessLocationLink=BusinessLinkagee.g.,DistributedSystemArchitectureNode=ISFunctionLink=LineCharacteristicse.g.,TechnicalArchitectureNode=Hardware/SystemSoftwareLink=LineSpecificationse.g.NetworkArchitectureNode=AddressesLink=ProtocolsNETWORKImplementationMOTIVATIONWhyTIMEWhenPEOPLEWhoe.g.RuleSpecificationEnd=Sub-conditionMeans=Stepe.g.,RuleDesignEnd=ConditionMeans=Actione.g.,BusinessRuleModelEnd=StructuralAssertionMeans=ActionAssertionEnd=BusinessObjectiveMeans=BusinessStrategyListofBusinessGoalsandStrategiesEnds/Means=MajorBusinessGoal/CriticalSuccessFactorListofEvents-SignificanttotheBusinessTime=MajorBusinessEvente.g.,ProcessingStructureTime=SystemEventCycle=ProcessingCyclee.g.,ControlStructureTime=ExecuteCycle=ComponentCyclee.g.TimingDefinitionTime=InterruptCycle=MachineCycleSCHEDULEImplementatione.g.,MasterScheduleTime=BusinessEventCycle=BusinessCycleListofOrganizations-ImportanttotheBusinessPeople=ClassofPeopleandMajorOrganizationse.g.,WorkFlowModelPeople=OrganizationUnitWork=WorkProducte.g.,HumanInterfaceArchitecturePeople=RoleWork=Deliverablee.g.,PresentationArchitecturePeople=UserWork=Screen/DeviceFormate.g.SecurityArchitecturePeople=IdentityWork=JobORGANIZATIONImplementationSTRATEGYImplementatione.g.,BusinessPlanSCOPEPlannerSYSTEMMODELDesignerTECHNOLOGYCONSTRAINEDMODELBuilderDETAILEDREPRESEN-TATIONSSubcontractorENTERPRISEMODEL

Ownercontextualconceptuallogicalphysicalout-of-contextFUNCTIONINGENTERPRISEperspectivesabstractionsZachmanFrameworkforEnterpriseArchitectureImportantFact#1:Businessintegrationwillnotoccurunlessthisknowledgeismadeexplicit,sharedandreused.ImportantFact#3:ITalignmentwillnotoccurunlesslowerlevelmodelsareconstrainedbytheupperlevelmodels.ImportantFact#2:Businessintegrationwillnotoccurunlessyouusethesemodelstoengineercommonalityacrosstheenterprisebusinessintegration物流理论24UltimateaimProjectAProjectBSystemDesignsMustbecreatedfromcommonarchitecture.EnterpriseArchitectureITInfrastructureIntegrated,alignedwithenterprise.businessintegration物流理论25Realitycheck#1Attemptstoarchitectenterprisesfromtoptobottomalwaysfail–notfeasibleManagement’sintentionscanatleastbemadeexplicitatthetop–feasibleSystemdesignerscanatleastusethatinformation,thenprovidesliversofarchitecturebacktotheframeworkwhenprojectsareimplemented–feasible?businessintegration物流理论26Realitycheck#2SystemdesignersusedifferentautomateddesigntoolsandmodelinglanguagesRaisesquestionoffeasibilityofdrawinginfofromacommonsourceandputtingnewinfobackinbusinessintegration物流理论27Architecture~DesignContinuumSearchandSelectImportEnterpriseKnowledgeRepositoryWhichprocessesinvolvewatersafetyinspectors?Whattransactionsrequireauthenticationandauthorization?Whatserviceswouldbeaffectedifwechangetheprivacypolicy?Ifwestopdoingthesefunctions,whatorganizationunitsareaffected?businessintegration物流理论28CaseStudy:OntarioGovermentPublicservicetransformation(sincemid-1990s)e-GovernmentEAprogramtofaciliateintegrationandITalignmentacrossgovernmentbusinessintegration物流理论29OntarioGovernmentEAprogramAdvancedDedicatedresourcesStronggovernancestructureIntegratedwithITplanningandapprovalprocessZachmanframeworkapproachforcreationofarchitectureproductsbusinessintegration物流理论30SearchandSelectImportEnterpriseKnowledgeRepositoryBut……whichmakesthisprocesslabour-intensive.Thesearenotintheformofexportablemodels,The