初中英语重点语法三大从句总结

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宾语从句

一、定义

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二、连接词

that:

Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.Whether/if:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.“Wh”:

Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.Idon’tknowwherehefoundthebook.只用whether的情况：1.与ornot连用：Idon’tknowwhetherit’srainingornot.2.与动词不定式连用：Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.3.连接词前有介词时：Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.三、时态

1.主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。1）Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2）ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3）Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.2

定语从句

一、定义

在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。二、先行词

先行词指人

who/that先行词指物

which/that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后三、关系代词

关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法

“….的”

Whom:

先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.2.Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.Whose:

指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.关系代词只能that的特殊情况：1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3.先行词是不定代词something,

anything等时.e.g.

Is

there

anything

that

you

want

in

this

shop4.

先行词是人和物时,用that.e.g.He

talked

about

some

writers

and

books

thatwere

unknown

to

us

all.

5.先行词被all,little,theonly,thevery(就是，正是),thelast等词修饰时,只能用thate.g.

ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.6.特殊疑问句以who或which开头，只能用that引导.Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?当关系代词前使用介词时：

物+介词+which;

人+介词+whom当关系代词前使用介词时：e.g.

1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.

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状语从句

一、定义

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。

二、状语从句一般分为八大类

时间状语从句

地点状语从句原因状语从句

目的状语从句结果状语从句

条件状语从句方式状语从句

让步状语从句1.时间状语从句When

---当……时候,

通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.When

---

正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或

beaboutto时，在翻译的时候，when可以译成没想到或突然。Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.When当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.When=afterWhenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.While

---在……期间，往往指一段时间。WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.While---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.As

---一边……一边,随着Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.As---当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.Themoment

---一……就……

=assoonas,immediately,---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.Not…until

---

直到……才Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.Before

---

在……之前Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts.After

---在……之后Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.Since

---自从……,通常主句用现在完成时IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.

Assoonas

---

一……就……Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.Nosoonerthan

---

一……就……nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒装Hardly…when…Scarcely…when…Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.Once

---

一但……就……Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.Everytime,eachtime

每次whenever

每当Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.2.条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有：If如果,unless除非,aslongas只要,As(so)faras---据……所知，incase万一,providedthat假如,onconditionthat若是，以…为条件If

---如果Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.Unless

---如果不,除非=ifnotWecan’tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflightAslongas

---只要Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.As(so)faras

---据……所知AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.Incase

---假使,如果Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.Providedthat

如果,有时省略thatTheplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.Onconditionthat

---条件是…Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.3.地点状语从句地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,whereverWhere

---在……地方Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherever

---无论哪里Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.4.原因状语从句because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱.Because

---因为,通常从句放在主句后.MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn’tfindhisluggage.As

---因为,通常放在句首Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.Since

---既然

因语气较弱,常译为既然(众所周知的原因)Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.Nowthat

---既然Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.consideringthat

---顾及到Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.seeingthat

---由于Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedto

putthemeetingoff.5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,sothat,so…that…such…that

So…that

---太……以至于

so后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略so只用thatBoeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb喷气炸弹.Sothat

---因而，以便，为了有时so可以省去Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.Such…that…

---太……以至于

用法与so…that相同，但such后面应用名词。Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.6.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest(So)that---以便,

从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.inorderthat---为了,

与sothat

相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.forfearthat

---生怕;为了防止(某事发生)Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.

incase

---万一Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Lest

---以防万一Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.7.

让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether.Although,though---虽然

although

和though可以互换，但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidn’tsucceed.As---尽管

as引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though互换。Busyasheis,henevermissesafootballmatc