Unit+2+Iconic+Attractions+Discover+useful+structures+课件【知识精讲】高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

过去分词用法复习以下的句子，写出完整的主从复合句以及分词结构。1.由于（他）非常震惊，他几乎说不出一句话。（几乎不barely）2.尽管（他们）已经很累，他们还是站起来帮了我们一把。（givesb.ahand帮助某人）

Becausehewasquiteshocked,hecanbarelyutteraword.

Quiteshocked,hecanbarelyutteraword.Althoughtheyweretiredenough,theystillstoodtogiveusahand.Althoughtiredenough,theystillstoodtogiveusahand.Tiredenough,theystillstoodtogiveusahand.以下的句子，写出完整的主从复合句以及分词结构。

3.如果（你）被给予了帮助，（你）要心怀感激。（grateful）4.当（你）伤心的时候，（你）可以从音乐中寻（seek）得安慰(comfort)。Ifyouweregivenhelp,youshouldbegrateful.Givenhelp,youshouldbegrateful.Ifgivenhelp,youshouldbegrateful.Whenyouaresad,youshouldseekcomfortfrommusic.Whensad,youshouldseekcomfortfrommusic.be+pastparticiple（过去分词）过去分词的形式规则动词过去分词的变化①一般情况下，直接在末尾加-ed，work→worked;listen→listened;②原形动词词尾为“e”时，加“-d”。如：live→lived，like→liked，arrive→arrived;believe→believed.③原形动词词尾为“辅音字母＋y”时，去“-y”后加“-ied”；study→studied;carry→carried;若词尾为“元音字母＋y”，只加“-ed”。如：enjoy→enjoyed;play→played④原形动词以“辅元辅”结尾，且为重读闭音节，先双写最后一个辅音字母后再加“-ed”。如：chat→chatted，beg→begged，stop→stopped不规则动词的变化——书本P1171.平常写作业不会时，翻看P117并摘抄到笔记本上；2.日常学习当中经常复习常错单词的过去分词的变化，考前尤其要复习。语法填空中过去分词变化错误：write→wrote→written（现在分词是writing）bear→bore→bornbuild→built→builtplan→planned→plannedpromise→promised→promised(现在分词是promising)show→showed→shownhold→held→heldflee(逃跑)→fled→fled(现在分词是fleeing)过去分词的意义过去分词(V-ed)的意义⑴用法区别：①过去分词表示被动；

②过去分词表示完成。

a

（fly)bird（一只飞鸟）

（pollute)water（被污染的水）

the

（rule)class(被统治阶级）pollutedruleda

（develop）country(已经发展过的国家——发达国家)developed

(boil)water(已经烧开的水)boiled现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作定语现在分词表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成①一片叶子：a

（fall)leaf（正在飘落）

a

（fall）leaf(已经落下)②一个国家：a

（develop）country（发展中）

a

（develop）country(发展过)③水：

（boil）water（正在沸腾）

(boil)water(已经烧开)fallingfallendevelopingdevelopedboilingboiled过去分词的用法一、作谓语的v-ed1.have/has/had+v-ed构成完成时2.be+v-ed构成被动语态(不能单独使用)Since2019,ourhaschangedagreatdeal.Whatyousaidwillberecordedandsenttothepolice.二、作非谓语的v-edThelittlegirllikescollectingfallenmapleleaves.He

became

pleased

withthestudents.Youshouldmakeyourselfunderstoodwhenyouaretalking.Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.vt.NP名词短语定语linkingverb系动词adj.表语vt.宾语

宾补状语4.过去分词做状语Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.Scaredofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Leftathomealone,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.当被问及发生了什么时，他低下了头。由于害怕老虎，这个女孩不敢一个人睡觉。如果被给更多时间的话，我们可以做到更好。尽管被一个人留在家里，约翰一点儿也不害怕。过去分词做状语和状语从句的比较Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.Scaredofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.Leftathomealone,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.Becuaseshewasscaredofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.Althoughhewasleftathomealone,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.1.如果不使用过去分词，只能把一个句子拆分成两个句子。2.使用过去分词使句子更加紧凑、简洁、有整体感。当被问及发生了什么时，他低下了头。由于害怕老虎，这个女孩不敢一个人睡觉。尽管被一个人留在家里，约翰一点儿也不害怕。Ifwearegivenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.（连词用if）如果被给更多时间的话，我们可以做到更好。过去分词做状语和状语从句的比较过去分词做状语和状语从句的比较Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.Scaredofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.Leftathomealone,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.1.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.2.Becuaseshewasscaredofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.3.Althoughhewasleftathomealone,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.过去分词做状语Ifwearegivenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.从句的连词、主语及动词被删减后，构成了过去分词作状语的结构。状语从句变成过去分词做状语的条件Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.Scaredofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.Leftathomealone,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.1.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.2.Becuaseshewasscaredofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.3.Althoughhewasleftathomealone,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.（1）从句的主语和主句的主语一致。Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.Scaredofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.Leftathomealone,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.1.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.2.Becuaseshewasscaredofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.3.Althoughhewasleftathomealone,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.（2）状语从句的谓语动词是be动词。状语从句变成过去分词做状语的条件（1）从句的主语和主句的主语一致。（2）状语从句的谓语动词是be动词。状语从句改成过去分词作状语时，有时可以适当地保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。2.Althoughhewasleftathomealone,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.1.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.Whenaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.Althoughleftathomealone,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.3.Ifwearegivenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Ifgivenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.1.当他被问及接下去该做什么时，他不知道怎样回答。2.尽管被他的父母表扬了，他也缺乏自信不知道怎样回答。3.如果被提供更多的时间，我们就能够很好地完成这项作业。1.当（他）被问及接下去该做什么时(whattodonext)，他不知道怎样回答。WhenhewasaskedwhattodonextAskedwhattodonext,hedidn’tkonwhowtoanswerit.Whenaskedwhattodonext,hedidn’tkonwhowtoanswerit.

hedidn’tkonwhowtoanswerit.Whenhewasaskedwhattodonext,hedidn’tkonwhowtoanswerit.2.尽管（他）被父母表扬(praise)了，他仍旧缺乏自信。(lackconfidence)AlthoughhewaspraisedbyhisparentsPraisedbyhisparents,hestilllackconfidence.Althoughpraisedbyhisparents,hestilllackconfidence.

hestilllackconfidence.Althoughhewaspraisedbyhisparents,hestilllackconfidence.3.如果(我们)被提供(offer)更多的时间，我们就能够准时(ontime)完成这项作业。Ifweareofferedmoretime,wewouldbeabletofinishthishomeworkontime.Offeredmoretime,wewouldbeabletofinishthishomeworkontime.Ifofferedmoretime,wewouldbeabletofinishthishomeworkontime.分词短语的逻辑主语必须跟主句的主语保持一致。如果主句的主语和分词是被动关系,用过去分词作状语。1.当（他）被问及接下去该做什么时(whattodonext)，他不知道怎样回答。主语一致，就让主语只出现在“没有连接词”的那个句子中。Hedidn’tknowhowtoanswerit.另一个句子只出现动词，ask由于是被动Asked其余内容不变Askedwhattodonext,hedidn’tknowhowtoanswerit.被他自己的进步惊讶到，他激动地爆发出一阵大笑（burstintolaughter）Shockedbyhisprogress，heburstintolaughterexcitedly.分词短语的逻辑主语必须跟主句的主语保持一致。如果主句的主语和分词是被动关系,用过去分词作状语。主语一致：现在分词做状语，它的逻辑主语和主句的主语一致。41.由于无聊（bored），他决定去逛一会儿（hangout）。2.决心考上大学(university)，他开始努力学习。3.旨在提高学生节约粮食的意识，我们学校计划开展一个以“携手共同节约粮食”的写作比赛。Feelingbored,hedecidedtohangoutforawhile（一会儿）.Decidingtogotoauniversity,hebegantoworkhard.Aimingtoraisestudents’awarenessofsavingfood,ourschoolistoholdawritingcompetitionwiththethemeof“Jointactiontosavefood”.Aimedtoraisestudents’awarenessofsavingfood,awritingcompetitionisscheduledtobeheldinourschoolwiththethemeof“Jointactiontosavefood”.有些过去分词（短语）源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。bedressedinbelostin

沉浸在bedevotedto

致力于befaced

with

面对belocatedin

位于beburiedin

专心于becomparedwithbeseated

bepreparedforbedeterminedtodobetiredof

厌烦beabsorbedinbebornin…beoccupiedin

忙于…1.Facedwithsomanyproblems,themanagerwasstilloptimistic.2.Devotedto

education,Mr.Whiteleftallhissavingstoacharity.AbsorbedCaughtleftcelebratedsupported大本《》P54右下角单句语法填空Wefoundthemtrappedinthetrafficjam.Youshouldmakeyourselfunderstoodwhenyouaretalking.2.过去分词作宾补Thewomannoticedthedogtiedtothetree.IwantyourworkfinishedbeforetheSpringFestivalEve.Withhisworkdone,hewenttothecinemawithhiswife.2.过去分词做宾语补足语(1)感官动词see,notice,watch,hear,feel等后通常接动词的过去分词作宾语补足语。(2)使役动词get,have,make,leave,keep等后常用过去分词作宾语补足语。(3)在表示希望和要求的动词(如wish，want，like，order等)后，常使用动词的过去分词作宾语补足语。(4)“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。大本《》P53过去分词作宾语补足语知识点lostcheckedremindedfinishedunderstood大本《》P54左上角单句语法填空3.过去分词作表语1.过去分词位于

后面作表语，用于说明主语情况。系动词2.过去分词作表语1.过去分词位于

后面作表语，用于说明主语情况。系动词He

became

pleased

withthestudents.Thelady

seemed

surprised

attheresults.Herheart

was

broken,becauseshelostherboyfriend.表状态2.过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别1.Thebasketballgameisexciting.2.Iamexcitedaboutthebasketballgame.3.Itisexcitingtowatchthebasketballgame当主语是______或

时，用现在分词(v-ing)做表语,表示“令人……的”；当主语是_______时,用过去分词做表语，

表示“感到……的”。物人it二、作非谓语的v-ed4.过去分词作定语Thelittlegirllikescollectingfallenmapleleaves.TheWestLakeisawell-known